• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2368-2373
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• 2012

In this research, finite element method was carried out to evaluate the defomation of pipe and surface displacement for backfill of underground ficility. Various conditions for analysis were employer, including two different pipes(PE and concrete pipe), two different excavation depth(60cm and 150cm) and width(1.5D and 2D), a regular sand backfill, and four different flowable backfills. The vertical deformation of 60 cm diameter for PE was measured three times more than that of 30 cm diameter. The measured deformations for regular backfill and four flowable backfills were 0.320mm, and 0.135mm to 0.155mm, respectively. It ratio was around 40%. In case of 30cm diameter of concrete pipe, the measured vertical defomation was around 0.004mm for all the backfill materials. In case of installation depth, the effect of flowable backfill for flexible pipe is better than for rigid pipe. There is little effect on the deformation of concrete pipe with regular sand backfill and flowable backfill.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1121-1135
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• 2005

This paper proposes a moving object extraction method using the contrast map and salient points. In order to make the contrast map, we generate three-feature maps such as luminance map, color map and directional map and extract salient points from an image. By using these features, we can decide the Attention Window(AW) location easily The purpose of the AW is to remove the useless regions in the image such as background as well as to reduce the amount of image processing. To create the exact location and flexible size of the AW, we use motion feature instead of pre-assumptions or heuristic parameters. After determining of the AW, we find the difference of edge to inner area from the AW. Then, we can extract horizontal candidate region and vortical candidate region. After finding both horizontal and vertical candidates, intersection regions through logical AND operation are further processed by morphological operations. The proposed algorithm has been applied to many video sequences which have static background like surveillance type of video sequences. The moving object was quite well segmented with accurate boundaries.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2011

This study was carried out in order to reduce the amount of underground water which is used in the double layered single span plastic greenhouse for retaining heat. For this research, two plastic green houses of the double layered single span plastic greenhouse were installed. There was equipped of internal small tunnel for keeping warm air in the interior of the house. Then the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air was fitted with PVC duct of 50 cm in diameter filled with subsurface water. The surplus solar energy in the greenhouse was stored in the water in the PVC duct. Four FCUs (Fan Coil Unit), which has the capacity of 8,000 kcal per hour, were installed in the middle of the house, and a circulation motor in heat storage water tank was operated from 10:30 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. in order to circulate water between the water tank and the FCUs. Consequently about 5 degrees celsius could be maintained in the interior of the internal small tunnel for keeping warm air with the external temperature of lower than minus 5 degrees celsius. It appeared that the alteration of an internal temperature of the house was flexible depending on the sunlight during daytime. To prevent the water freezing, mixing antifreezing liquid in the water or operating FCU continuously was needed. Also, in order to use the surplus solar thermal energy on plastic green house of water curtain system efficiently, storing the surplus heat during daytime simultaneously finding a method of using water curtain systematic underground water happened to be important. As a result of this research, when the house's interior temperature is below zero the operation of FCU appeared to be impossible. Considering the amount of water used in the house with water-curtain-heating system is 150~200 ton per day, using the system mentioned in this research showed that reducing the underground water more than 80% in order to maintain the internal temperature as the level of 5 degree celsius at the extreme temperature of minus 5 degrees celsius.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

The Last PlannerSystem (LPS) has been implemented on construction projects to increase work flow reliability, a precondition for project performance againstproductivity and progress targets. The LPS encompasses four tiers of planning processes:master scheduling, phase scheduling, lookahead planning, and commitment / weeklywork planning. This research highlights deficiencies in the current implementation of LPS including poor lookahead planning which results in poor linkage between weeklywork plans and the master schedule. This poor linkage undetermines the ability of theweekly work planning process to select for execution tasks that are critical to projectsuccess. As a result, percent plan complete (PPC) becomes a weak indicator of project progress. The purpose of this research is to improve lookahead planning (the bridgebetween weekly work planning and master scheduling), improve PPC, and improve theselection of tasks that are critical to project success by increasing the link betweenShould, Can, Will, and Did (components of the LPS), thereby rendering PPC a betterindicator of project progress. The research employs the case study research method to describe deficiencies inthe current implementation of the LPS and suggest guidelines for a better application ofLPS in general and lookahead planning in particular. It then introduces an analyticalsimulation model to analyze the lookahead planning process. This is done by examining the impact on PPC of increasing two lookahead planning performance metrics: tasksanticipated (TA) and tasks made ready (TMR). Finally, the research investigates theimportance of the lookahead planning functions: identification and removal ofconstraints, task breakdown, and operations design.The research findings confirm the positive impact of improving lookaheadplanning (i.e., TA and TMR) on PPC. It also recognizes the need to perform lookaheadplanning differently for three types of work involving different levels of uncertainty:stable work, medium uncertainty work, and highly emergent work.The research confirms the LPS rules for practice and specifically the need to planin greater detail as time gets closer to performing the work. It highlights the role of LPSas a production system that incorporates deliberate planning (predetermined andoptimized) and situated planning (flexible and adaptive). Finally, the research presents recommendations for production planningimprovements in three areas: process related, (suggesting guidelines for practice),technical, (highlighting issues with current software programs and advocating theinclusion of collaborative planning capability), and organizational improvements(suggesting transitional steps when applying the LPS).

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2006

The mort commonly available substrate material is glass in the display fibrication process. However, glass is not desirable due to its heaviness and fragility. Recently, plastics such polysulfone (PSF), polyethesulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and cyclic olefin polymers (COP) have been investigated to replace glass as a substrate material for display fibrication. Plastic substrates are advantageous in that they are lightweight, huh impart resistance, flexibility, and ability for roll to roll manufacturing process. But many plastics have poor chemical resistance in organic solvent. The chemica resistance is also lequired because they are exposed to solvents for various chemical treatments din the manufacturing process. So, we have an interest in the chemical modification of PSF to improve chemical resistance. We introduced crosslinkable imide moieties using chloromethylation method for the modification of PSF which could be overcome above shortcomings for display substrate based on plastic film. We prepared the cross-linked polysulfone films which were represented chemical resistance in HeOH, THF, DMSO and NMP. The thermal properties were measured by TGA, DSC and TMA. As the results, we have confirmed to enhance of the thermal property. They had low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which decreased to 15% and had increased $T_g\;from\;180^{\circ}C\;to\;252^{\circ}C$. Cross-linked polysulfone films with imide side-chain had good optical properties and chemical resistance so that they could be used as flexible display substrate.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.1 s.33
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• pp.93-100
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• 2005

This study is to desist and implement an efficient microbial medical image retrieval system based on knowledge and content of them which can make use of more accurate decision on colony as doll as efficient education for new techicians. For this. re first address overall inference to set up flexible search path using rule-base in order U redure time required original microbial identification by searching the fastest path of microbial identification phase based on heuristics knowledge. Next, we propose a color ffature gfraction mtU, which is able to extract color feature vectors of visual contents from a inn microbial image based on especially bacteria image using HSV color model. In addition, for better retrieval performance based on large microbial databases, we present an integrated indexing technique that combines with B+-tree for indexing simple attributes, inverted file structure for text medical keywords list, and scan-based filtering method for high dimensional color feature vectors. Finally. the implemented system shows the possibility to manage and retrieve the complex microbial images using knowledge and visual contents itself effectively. We expect to decrease rapidly Loaming time for elementary technicians by tell organizing knowledge of clinical fields through proposed system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2003

Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small redox protein that is ubiquitously distributed from achaes to human. In diverse organisms, the protein is involved in various physiological roles by acting as electron donor and regulators of transcription and apoptosis as well as antioxidants. Sequences of Trx within various species are 27～69% identical to that of E. coli and all Trx proteins have the same overall fold, which consists of central five β strands surrounded by four α helices. The N-terminal cysteine in WCGPC motif of Trx is redox sensitive and the motif is highly conserved. Compared with general cysteine, the N-terminal cysteine has low pKa value. The result leads to increased reduction activity of protein. Recently, novel thio.edoxin-related protein (TRP14) was found from rat brain. TRP14 acts as disulfide reductase like Trx1, and its redox potential and pKa are similar to those of Trx1. However, TRP14 takes up electrons from cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1), not from the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2). Biological roles of TES14 were reported to be involved in regulating TNF-α induced signaling pathways in different manner with Trx1. In depletion experiments, depletion of TRP14 increased TNF-α induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα more than the depletion Trx1 did. It also facilitated activation of JNK and p38 MAP kinase induced by TNF-α. Unlike Trx1, TRP14 shows neither interaction nor interference with ASK1. Here, we determined three-dimensional crystal structure of TRP14 by MAD method at 1.8Å. The structure reveals that the conserved cis-Pro (Pro90) and active site-W-C-X-X-C motif, which may be involved in substrate recognition similar to Trx1 , are located at the beginning position of strand β4 and helix α2, respectively. The TRP14 structure also shows that surface of TRP14 in the vicinity of the active site, which is surrounded by an extended flexible loop and an additional short a helix, is different from that of Trx1. In addition, the structure exhibits that TRP14 interact with a distinct target proteins compared with Trx1 and the binding may depend mainly on hydrophobic and charge interactions. Consequently, the structure supports biological data that the TRP14 is involved in regulating TNF-α induced signaling pathways in different manner with Trx1.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.93-97
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• 2006

Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) are expected to be commercialized as next generation displays by advantages of the fast response time, low driving voltage and easy manufacturing process for large sized flexible display. Generally, the electrical and optical properties of PLEDs are affected by the surface conditions of transparent electrode. The PLED devices with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/PFO-poss/LiF/Al structures were prepared by using the spin coating method. For this, PEDOT:PSS(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfolnate)) Al 4083 and PVK(N-vinylcabozole) were used as hole injection and transport layers. The PFO-poss(poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) was used as the emitting layer. The dependence of $O_2$ plasma treatment of ITO electrode on the electrical and optical properties of PLEDs were investigated. The sheet resistances increased slightly with an improved surface roughness of ITO electrode as the RF power increased during $O_2$ plasma treatment. The PLED devices prepared on the ITO/Glass substrates, which were plasma-treated at 40 watt in RF power for 30 seconds under 40 mtorr $O_2$ pressure, showed the maximum external emission efficiency of 0.86 lm/W and the maximum luminance of $250\;cd/m^2$, respectively. The CIE color coordinates are ranged $X\;=\;0.13{\sim}0.18$ and $Y\;=\;0.10{\sim}0.16$, showing blue color. emission.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Content-based image retrieval systems are being actively investigated owing to their ability to retrieve images based on the actual visual content rather than by manually associated textual descriptions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for image retrieval based on edge structural features using edge correlogram and color coherence vector. After color vector angle is applied in the pre-processing stage, an image is divided into two image parts (high frequency image and low frequency image). In low frequency image, the global color distribution of smooth pixels is extracted by color coherence vector, thereby incorporating spatial information into the proposed color descriptor. Meanwhile, in high frequency image, the distribution of the gray pairs at an edge is extracted by edge correlogram. Since the proposed algorithm includes the spatial and edge information between colors, it can robustly reduce the effect of the significant change in appearance and shape in image analysis. The proposed method provides a simple and flexible description for the image with complex scene in terms of structural features of the image contents. Experimental evidence suggests that our algorithm outperforms the recently histogram refinement methods for image indexing and retrieval. To index the multidimensional feature vectors, we use R*-tree structure.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.233-248
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to qunatatively analyze the stress patterns induced in the abutment, superstructure, supporting bone and to determine the deflection of abutment and superstructure by appling occlusal force to natural teeth supported fixed prostheses and implant-supported fixed prostheses. The analysis has been conducted by using the two dimensional finite element method. The implant and natural tooth-supported bridge has a first molar pontic supported by mandibular second bicuspid and implant posterior retainer, which were rigidly(Model A) or flexible(Model B). The natural teeth-supported bridge has a first molar pontic supported by mandibular second bicuspid and second molar, which were rigidly splinted together(Model C). 63.5kg(Load P1) of localized load on central fossa of first molar pontic and 24kg(Load P2) of distributed load on each occlusal surface were applied respectively. 1. The coronal portion of premolar pontic and posterior abutment in fixed partial denture deflected inferiorly in order of Model B, Model C and Model A under Load P1 and Load P2. 2. Mesial displacement of the coronal portion of premolar showed in Model A, Model B and Model C under Load P1, but mesial displacement of that in Model B and distal displacement of that in Model A and Model C showed under Load P2. 3. Mesial displacement of the coronal portion of the pontic and distal displacement of the coronal portion of posterior abutment showed in Model A, Model B and Model C under Load P1 and Load P2. Displacement in the case of Model B was greater than that of Model A and Model C. 4. In the case Model A under Load P1 and Load P2, high stress apically was concentrated in the mesiocervical portion of the posterior abutment than in the disto-cervical portion of the premolar. 5. In the case of Model B under Load P1 and Load P2 high stress was concentrated in the case of the premolar than in that of posterior abutment and high stress especially was concentrated in the connected portion of pontic and posterior abutment. 6. In the case of Model C under Load P1 and Load P2, high stress was concentrated in the distal area of the cornal portion of premolar and the mesial area of the coronal portion of posterior abutment, and stress pattern was anteroposterially symmetric around the pontic. 7. Load P1 and Load P2 compared, stress magnitude was different but stress pattern was similar in Model A, Model B and Model C. 8. Under Load P1 and P2, stress magnitude in the mesial distal portion and the portion of root apex of the posterior abutment was in order of Model B, Model A and Model C.