• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2017

The objective of this study was to compare antioxidant effects of different extracts of Salicornia bigelovii seed. DPPH radical scavenging activity, chelating activity of ferrous, superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were measured for different extracts. Ethanol extract (10 mg/mL) was found to have the maximum DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (65.26 and 62.36%, respectively). However, hot water extract (10 mg/mL) showed the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging and chelating activities (51.50 and 53.24%, respectively). Total phenolics and flavonoid contents in the ethanol extract were 522.8 and $480.35{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. They were 401.51 and $352.60{\mu}g/mg$, respectively, in the hot water extract. These results indicate that ethanol and hot water extracts of S. bigelovii seed have good potential to be used as a new source of antioxidants for functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.764-772
• /
• 2011

Hot-water and 70%-ethanol Smilax china leaf extracts were prepared, and their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, DPPH-radical-scavenging ability, nitrite-scavenging ability, and antimicrobial activity were determined. The total polyphenol contents of the hot-water and ethanol extract were $5.433{\pm}0.171$ and $13.060{\pm}0.110mg/g$, respectively; their flavonoid contents were $1.599{\pm}0.017$ and $3.005{\pm}0.084mg/g$; their DPPH-radical-scavenging abilities, assayed at 1.0 mg/mL, were 33.6 and 92.3%; and their nitrite-scavenging abilities, assayed at 0.1-2.0 mg/mL, were 37.9-61.6 and 38.4-77.8%. The 70%-ethanol extract showed higher antimicrobial activity than the hot-water extract. The antimicrobial activities were high in Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella typhymurium, and Staphylococcus aureus, in that order. The antimicrobial substances in the two extracts were maintained after heating at $65-125^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.327-332
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of various solvents (acetone, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) for extraction of Auricularia auricula-judae. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging activity. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were not significantly different among the extracts, whereas DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity were significantly higher in ethanol and acetone extracts. DPPH radical scavenging activities of ethanol and acetone extracts showed high values (58.7% and 46.7%, respectively). The antimicrobial properties of these extracts were determined against six bacterial pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae) by the disc diffusion method. The acetone extracts showed antimicrobial activities against all tested bacteria, and all extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.765-770
• /
• 2016

This study compared the extracts of three varieties of red peppers in terms of their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities. In this study, two edible red peppers (Capsicum annuum var. angulosum and Capsicum annuum L.) and one flowering grass red pepper (Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum), were individually extracted by using ethanol. Among three varieties of red peppers, the highest levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids were observed in Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum extract. Similarly, antioxidant activities resulted in ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities, and reducing power significantly increased in extract of Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum can be used as a new natural antioxidant source.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.1415-1421
• /
• 2016

This study was worked to investigate the antioxidant activity and the blood circulation improvement effect of two Hibiscus syriacus extracts divided into fermented H. syriacus extract and non-fermented H. syriacus extract. As the results of in vitro experiment, both of fermented H. syriacus extract and non-fermented H. syriacus extract had the DPPH free radical scavenging effect and the high contents of polyphenol and flavonoid known as antioxidant components in dose-dependent manner. Six weeks female C57BL/6 mice were divide into four groups and fed high diets for 28 days. Also fermented H. syriacus extract and non-fermented H. syriacus extract was daily intraperitoneal administration for 28 days at 2 mg/kg of body weight of mice. In vivo C57BL/6 mice experiment of normal diet group (NOR), high-fat diet group (CON), high-fat diet plus fermented H. syriacus extract group (FHS) and high-fat diet plus non-fermented H. syriacus extract group (NFHS), each of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was decreased in both of FHS and NFHS groups, meanwhile high density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased (p<0.01). Conclusion, the results confirmed that H. syriacus containing the high contents of the antioxidant activity components had the significant effects of blood circulation improvement.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.426-432
• /
• 2013

The results of the content of total polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of methanol extracts from immature cotton boll are follows. The contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid compound were higher in small size cotton boll, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity also showed a relatively high activity in the small size. These results indicate that there is a correlation between phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging. The test concentrations of immature cotton boll extract for measuring DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were set as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml. Immature cotton boll has high radical scavenging activity at the concentration of 1.25~20 mg/ml and the result showed a tendency to increase in a concentration-dependent. The nitrite scavenging activity showed high activity in the pH 1.2, and the result in the pH 4.2 showed progressively less active, and in the pH 6.0 near neutral was confirmed that does not affect the nitrite scavenging. In addition, SOD-like activity showed somewhat lower activity compared with ascorbic acid, but tended to be higher when compared with the results of the other natural substances. Through this experiment, we confirmed that immature cotton boll was excellent antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the cotton suggest the possibility of development of new material for cosmetic product or functional food in the future, and is expected to make a greater usability.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.106-114
• /
• 2018

Objectives: We investigated about the microbial properties and changes in the efficacy of the Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) by natural fermentation. Methods: CL was fermented for four weeks in a well-ventilated place with 2.5% salt. pH, total sugar, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid were measured to determine fermentation characteristics according to fermentation period and salt treatment. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction were carried out for microbial analysis during fermentation. In addition, HepG2 cell was cultured to check the lipid accumulation through oil red O staining and the glucose uptake was analyzed by measuring the 2-NBDG at C2C12 cell. Results: The pH level and the total sugar decreased with the CL fermentation. Total polyphenol and flavonoid increased after CL fermentation. It was confirmed that Leuconostoc mesenteroides were maintained continuously during fermentation. In the salt treatment CL, there was a sharp increase in Rahnella aquatilis. Lactobacillus plantarum matrix was observed in fermented CL. In addition, Lactococcus lactis, Weissella koreensis, R. aquatilis, L. plantarum, Leu. mesenteroides have been added to the salt treatment. Glucose uptake were significantly increased after fermentation with salt for four weeks. Lipid accumulation in the HepG2 cells was observed that there was difference (P<0.01) between free fatty acid group (100%) and decreased 4 weeks after fermentation (90.38%) at $800{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusions: Total polyphenol and flavonoid were increased after CL fermentation. Especially, percentage of the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation inhibition increased in CL fermentation with salt. It is expected that fermentation of salt treated CL will be more effective in diabetes and fatty liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2009

This study was investigated to analyze the contents of flavonoid and polyphenol compounds, and inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and antioxidation to measure physiological effect of reflux water extraction (WE), reflux ethanol extraction (EE) and hot water extract under high pressure (HWE) of Torreya nucifera seed. HWE yields the highest contents of flavonoid compounds (176.34 mg/g) and polyphenol compounds (112.95 mg/g). The tyrosinase inhibitory rates were $5.62{\sim}28.71%$ at 2.0 mg/mL and HWE showed the highest inhibition rate. The nitrite scavenging abilities of all extracts were over 90% at pH 1.2 and 3.0 at the concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of HWE was the highest value of 33.58%. The electron donating abilities (EDA) were $66.46{\sim}89.72%$ and HWE was the highest when the extracts were tested at 0.1 mg/mL. The EDA of all extracts were decreased with an increment of the extracts concentrations. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory rate of HWE was the highest value of 89.29% at the concentration of 2.0 mg/mL and the WE and HWE were over 75% rate of xanthine oxidase inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2022

The effect of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera fermentation on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Kerria japonica (K. japonica) extracts was studied. First, the antioxidant activity of the fermented extract was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline 6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. Also, the quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids, which are representative components with antioxidant activity, was performed. The results of the DPPH and ABTS assays showed an increase in the antioxidant activity by 14.39% and 21.74%, respectively, due to fermentation. The polyphenol concentration increased by 10.5%, and the flavonoid concentration increased by 100.0%. In the cell experiment, a cytotoxicity test and a nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory test were performed using RAW 264.7 cells. Both the control group and the fermentation group showed no cytotoxicity. In the NO production inhibition experiment, the fermentation group showed a 6.85% higher inhibition of NO production compared to the control group. When the inhibitory effects of the extracts on inflammatory cytokine production were assessed, the fermentation group showed 12.4% and 23.5% higher inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production, respectively, compared to the control group. In conclusion, due to its potential for inhibiting NO and inflammatory cytokine production, fermented K. japonica extracts could be considered a source of anti-inflammatory compounds.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2013

Screenings of potential antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE Major. fruits extracted 80% methanol were performed using four antioxidant assays. Significant differences were observed both in total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in the extract were measured to be $224.4{\pm}0.52$ mg GAE/100 g and $12{\pm}0.25$ mg QE/100 g, respectively. When the tested concentration was $500{\mu}g/mL$, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of methanolic extracts were 84.15% and 88.8%, respectively. The reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging activity were increased at the manner of dose-dependently. These results suggest that methanolic extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. fruits possess excellent radical scavenging activities and may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.