• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.657-666
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• 2020

A rotational pulse-echo ultrasonic propagation imager that can inspect cylindrical specimens for material nondestructive evaluations is proposed herein. In this system, a laser-generated ultrasonic bulk wave is used for inspection, which enables a clear visualization of subsurface defects with a precise reproduction of the damage shape and size. The ultrasonic waves are generated by a Q-switched laser that impinges on the outer surface of the specimen walls. The generated waves travel through the walls and their echo is detected by a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) at the same point. To obtain the optimal Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the measured signal, the LDV requires the sensed surface to be at a right angle to the laser beam and at a predefined constant standoff distance from the laser head. For flat specimens, these constraints can be easily satisfied by performing a raster scan using a dual-axis linear stage. However, this arrangement cannot be used for cylindrical specimens owing to their curved nature. To inspect the cylindrical specimens, a circular scan technology is newly proposed for pulse-echo laser ultrasound. A rotational stage is coupled with a single-axis linear stage to inspect the desired area of the specimen. This system arrangement ensures that the standoff distance and beam incidence angle are maintained while the cylindrical specimen is being inspected. This enables the inspection of a curved specimen while maintaining the optimal SNR. The measurement result is displayed in parallel with the on-going inspection. The inspection data used in scanning are mapped from rotational coordinates to linear coordinates for visualization and post-processing of results. A graphical user interface software is implemented in C++ using a QT framework and controls all the individual blocks of the system and implements the necessary image processing, scan calculations, data acquisition, signal processing and result visualization.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2005

This study aims to examine an effect of stacking sequence and curvature on the penetration characteristic of a composite laminated shell. For the purpose, we manufactured specimens with different stacking sequences and curvatures, and conducted a penetration test using an air-gun. To examine an influence according to stacking sequence, as flat plate and curvature specimen had more plies, their critical penetration energy was higher, Critical penetration energies of specimen A and C with less interfaces somewhat higher than those of B and D with more interfaces. The reason that with less interfaces, critical penetration energy was higher is pre-impact bending stiffness of composite laminated shell with less interfaces was lower than that of laminated shell with more interfaces, but bending stiffness after impact was higher. And it is because interface, the weakest part of the composite laminated shell, was influenced by transverse impact. As curvature increases, critical penetration energy increases linearly. It is because as curvature increases, resistance to in-plane deformation as well as bending deformation increases, which need higher critical penetration energy. Patterns of cracks caused by penetration of composite laminated shells include interlaminar crack, intralaminar crack, and laminar fracture. A 0$^{\circ}$ply laminar had a matrix crack, a 90$^{\circ}$ply laminar had intralaminar crack and laminar fracture, and interface between 0$^{\circ}$and 90$^{\circ}$laminar had a interlaminar crack. We examined crack length and delamination area through a penetration test. For the specimen A and C with 2 interface, the longest circumferential direction crack length and largest delamination area were observed on the first interface from the impact point. For the specimen B and D with 4 interface, the longest crack length and largest delamination area were observed on the third interface from the impact point.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2021

VPS는 중공재의 형상을 최적화 하고 중공재의 부상 및 작업하에 의한 이탈을 방지하는 기능을 가진 기존 중공슬래브공법이다. 본 연구에서는 기존연구에서 제안한 거푸집 패널이 부착된 중공슬래브(VPS)를 활용하여 플랫 플레이트의 뚫림전단 안전성을 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 가력점으로 부터 기둥 폭의 2.0배를 넘어 중공재를 배치한 VSPS 실험체는 기준 실험체에 대비 내력이 9.4%감소하였다. KBC2016에서 제시한 설계 값의 약 1.57배 이상의 강도 값을 나타내었다. 중공재를 배치한 VSPS 실험체가 전단파괴가 발생하기 전까지 기준 실험체 대비 강성의 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 휨 철근을 충분하게 배근하여 본 실험이 전단에 의해 파괴되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.667-675
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• 2012

플랫 플레이트는 실의 배치가 지속적으로 바뀌는 오피스와 같이 유연한 공간의 배치를 위해 그 사용처가 증가하고 있다. 플랫 플레이트 구조를 사용함에 있어서 실무에서의 주요 문제는 슬래브-기둥 접합부에서 발생는 뚫림 전단 파괴에 대한 적절한 보강을 해주는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 플랫 플레이트 구조의 내부 슬래브-기둥 접합부에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 세 가지의 특수한 전단 보강근이 구조물 전체의 파괴를 유발시킬 수 있는 플랫 플레이트 슬래브-기둥 접합부의 취성적인 뚫림 전단파괴를 방지하기 위해 제안되었다. 총 네 가지의 프랫 플레이트 실험체가 수직 방향의 단조 가력에 의해 수행되었다. 전단 보강근은 뚫림 전단강도를 높여주는 역할과 취성파괴를 방지하는 역할을 해 주었다. 수행된 실험에서 전단보강근이 충분한 정착길이를 확보하지 못하여 전단보강근의 항복 이전에 파괴가 일어났다. 실험 결과를 통한 FE 모델의 검증이 이루어졌으며 검증된 FE 모델을 통해 전단보강근의 부착 성능에 대한 변수 분석이 수행되었다. 주요 변수는 슬래브의 두께, 콘크리트의 압축강도였으며 전단보강근의 성능을 산정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.603-611
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• 2007

동일한 총 정적 모멘트를 갖지만 단부 및 중앙부 모멘트 분배가 서로 다른 총 3개의 슬래브-기둥 내부 접합부를 실험하였다. 각 실험체는 4.2m 정사각형 슬래브와 356mm 정사각형 단면을 갖는 기둥으로 구성되며, 슬래브의 두께는 152mm이다. 실험 결과, 플랫플레이트 시스템은 비 균열 상태에서부터 최종 파괴 단계까지 상당히 큰 모멘트 재분배 현상이 나타나고, 극한 상태에서 실험체의 단부 및 중앙부 모멘트 분배는 설계에서의 철근 분배에 의해 크게 좌우되었다. 또한 이러한 모멘트 재분배 현상은 슬래브의 펀칭전단강도에 영향을 준다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권4호통권65호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2003

건축물의 바닥판에 대한 합성슬래브 시스템의 사용이 점차 확대되어 오피스 빌딩을 중심으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 최근에는 주상복합형 및 주거용 건물에 대한 확대 적용을 휘해 하부면이 평탄한 플랫 데크플레이트의 필요성이 대두됨에 따라 플랫 데크플레이트가 개발되고 있다. 또한 합성슬래브시스템의 바닥판 상부에 와이어메쉬 대신 일체형으로 생산되는 익스팬디드 메탈을 적용할 경우, 원가 절감, 공기 단축 효과도 기대할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 익스팬디드 메탈을 와이어메쉬의 대체재로 사용하여 이를 하부면이 평탄한 플랫 데크플레이트와 결합시킨 신형식의 합성블래브시스템을 제안하였다. 총 12개의 시험체에 대한 실험을 통해 그 구조성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험 결과는 시험체의 최대내력과 파괴거동 등을 중심으로 요약하여 나타냈다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.410-415
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• 2009

Experimental and numerical studies were performed to examine the effect of material temperature and reduction ratio on friction coefficient during hot flat rolling. We carried out a single pass pilot hot flat rolling test at the temperatures range of $900{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and measured the spread of deformed material while reduction ratio varied from 20% to 40%. Materials used in this study were a high carbon steel and two alloy steels. The dimension of specimen used in hot rolling experiment was $50mm{\times}50mm{\times}300mm$. We performed a series of finite element simulation of the hot rolling process to compute the friction coefficient change in terms of steel grade and reduction ratio. Results showed that temperature dependency of friction coefficient is not noteworthy but the effect of reduction ratio on friction coefficient is quite large. For high carbon steel, friction coefficient at reduction ratio of 30% is lower than that at that of 20%. Meanwhile friction coefficient at reduction ratio of 40% was one and half times large compared with that at that of 20%. The effect of steel grade on friction coefficient was significant when reduction ration was large, e.g., 40%.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

Laser-arc hybrid welding has been considered as an effective pipe girth welding process since early 2000's. Tolerance for fit-up offsets such as gap and edge misalignment is one of most important requirements in pipe girth laser-arc hybrid welding, and several approaches using parameter optimization, a laser beam scanning and an arc oscillation have been tried. However the required offset tolerance has not been fully accomplished up to now and laser-arc hybrid welding has not been widely applied in pipeline construction than expected, despite of its high welding speed and deep penetration. In this study, internal welding was adopted to ensure the offset tolerance and sound back bead. The effect of welding parameters on bead shape was investigated at the flat position. Also tolerances for gap and edge misalignment were verified as 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. The position welding trials were conducted at several welding positions from the flat to the overhead position in a downward direction. With the fixed welding speed, arc current for gas metal arc welding current and laser output power, adequate welding voltages for gas metal arc welding were suggested for each position.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2017

This work demonstrates arc generation and anodic film formation behaviors on Al1050 alloy during PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) treatment under a constant direct current in an alkaline electrolyte containing silicate, carbonate and borate ions. Only one big arc more than 2 mm diameter was generated first at the edges and it was moving on the fresh surface or staying occasionally at the edges, resulting in the local burning due to generation of an extremely big orange colored arc at the edges. Central region of the flat surface was not fully covered with PEO films even after sufficiently long treatment time because of the local burning problem. The anodic oxides formed on the flat surface by arcing once were found to consist of a number of small oxide nodules with spherical shape of $3{\sim}6{\mu}m$ size and irregular shapes of about $5{\sim}10{\mu}m$ width and $10{\sim}20{\mu}m$ length. The anodic oxide nodules showed uniform thickness of about $3{\mu}m$ and rounded edges. These experimental results suggest that one big arc observed on the specimen surface under the application of a constant direct current is composed of a number of small micro-arcs less than $20{\mu}m$ size.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2016

Ballasted gravel will be damaged or worn by the repetitive train load. And these damages of ballast gravel could be increased by increasing vehicle speed. Therefore, various techniques for reducing the ballast pressure have been proposed, such as the attached pad type of sleeper bottom for ballasted track. In this study, spring stiffness test method were proposed to evaluate the performance of under sleeper pad for ballasted track. Standard ballast plate(SBP) was developed to simulate the ballast gravel and compared with the foreign test results. Experimental results showed a trend similar to the previous studies according to various loading plate type. specimen type(Type A, Type B) differences in spring stiffness according to hardness were not significant. Also, the FSP (Flat steel plate) - shaped jig is about 80% of the spring stiffness was greater than SBP. Therefore, to evaluate the actual spring stiffness of under sleeper pad for ballasted track, it was important to adopted the appropriate spring stiffness test method using the SBP to simulate actual field conditions.