• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.142-152
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate how to recreate Spencer jacket of Empire Style in an attempt to apply this historic style to theatrical costumes and other high fashion items in modern times. The study was carried out through 2 steps. First, Literature, films and other visual information were utilized in order to classify the designs of Spencer jacket. Second, Production of Spencer jacket using patterns shown in literatures and those commercially used and commercial patterns were investigated to find out design characteristics of jackets. Results and discussions are as follows: The results showed that Spencer jacket can be categorized into following three styles: (1) Jackets having front opening without button stands and standing collar, (2) Double breasted opening and notched collar, (3) Single breasted opening and flat collar with waist band. The characteristics of Spencer jacket design were as follows: (1) Short jacket length, (2) Armhole line moved inwards, (3) Long fit shaped puff sleeves, whose puff being distributed more heavily over back of the sleeve, (4) Diamond shaped back bodice, which are consisted with princess lines and shoulder lines moved backwards.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.326-336
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to survey the wearing and purchasing situation related to brassieres between Korean and Chinese women and to analyze the differences among them. This study utilized a survey targeting 397 women in their 20's in Korea and China. The results were as follows: First, Korean women considered that their breasts are conical in shape, whereas Chinese women considered their breasts to have a flat shape. With regard to breast size, those of Chinese women are larger than those of Korean women. Moreover, Chinese women expressed a high rate of dissatisfaction with their breasts. Second, regarding the wearing condition of brassieres, while Korean women expected their brassiere to converge their breasts to the center, Chinese women expected their brassiere to support the breasts. It was found that many of them were dissatisfied with the shoulder straps and the center front wire. Third, in the results pertaining to the purchasing brassieres, although both Korean and Chinese Women mainly visited brand name stores to buy brassieres, compared with Chinese women, Korean women prefer to shop at home to buy the brassieres. In addition, they considered the compensation effect, size, activity, fabric and fit as the most important selection criteria when purchasing a brassiere.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.182-185
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• 1996

The purpose of slate estimation in power system is to estimate the best-fit Slate variables from the measurements contaminated by various kind of noise. But because the majority of state estimation modules in EMS lack the convergence characteristics, sometimes the desirable outputs can't be obtained. So, in this paper, the new algorithm using the load now output as initial values in the state estimation calculation is proposed to guarantee the convergence. And if the load now outputs were used as the initial values in the calculation, the change in each step would be small compared to the original method using the flat start point. And the Inverse Lemma is used in the algorithm to calculate the new stale in each iteration step for reducing the calculation time. The proposed algorithm was tested on the IEEE 14, 30, 118 bus systems. Eventually, we were able to verity that the differences between the results obtained by the original method and proposed method were relatively small, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm increased when applied to the bigger systems.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.113-124
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• 2018

This study is to find ways to use fast-fashion wedding dresses continuously which usually have worn three or four times and just wasted, which is an current interesting issue over the society. Among clothing from the 19th Century, three styles of Empire, and Crinoline were analyzed from their underwear styles to outwear styles through library and museums and are made for rental service. Based on 8-year-old girls' physical dimensions, openings and closing methods of each size were applied to develop and make rental dress designs. It will be a good opportunity to study history and develop creativity if children can try different styles of dresses from different cultures and times and also experience difference wearing ways as they also have such desire. Underwears were designed to be worn by adjusting cloth rings, rubber bands, or hook and eye to fit different dimensions. The final products are as follows. First, empire dress doesn't need underwear to wear. Depending on the purpose of the rental dress, the back side of upper clothes have lace up by using cloth rings like empire style. Skirt was cut to use hem lace suitably from wasted dress. Second, Crinoline dress is usually configured of Crinoline, Petticoat, Two Piece on Drawers, Chemise, and Corset. It was designed by flat front, bigger sides and backs by Crinoline and Petticoat.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of clothing which can improve the satisfaction of male university students' body shape by classifying the perception of body shape and examining characteristics by type. The types of recognition of body shape of male college students were classified into five types: developed upper body with protruding under abdomen, normal body with long legs, developed under body with big skeleton, skinny body, and ladder type normal body. The actual body shape was classified into three. The Y type had a long chest length and a shoulder developed, and the lower body silhouette was plain and short. Type H was flat with little protrusion from the chest to the hip. Type X has a larger hip and longer hip length than the waist. Body type was classified based on bust, waist, and hip circumference, but recognition body type was classified based on visual characteristics. It is thought that ergonomic consideration is needed to cover the disadvantages of each body type considering the aesthetic part as well as wearing comfort in accordance with the trend of the fashion market nowadays that the slim fit is generalized. This study was limited to male university students in their early 20s in Chungbuk province. Therefore, we could not grasp attitudes and perceptions of male university students living in other provinces. Therefore, we should pay attention to the generalization of the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.129-136
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for the development of clothing that can improve the satisfaction of body shape of elderly men by examining subjective characteristics and characteristics of perception type of older men's body shape. Using the Q methodology, I investigated and analyzed the process of formation and main characteristics of subjectivity of various types of recognition that elderly men express about their body shape. There were four types of perception of body shape in elderly men: flat hip and bird legs skinny body, back bent and abdominal obese body, thick neck and upper body development body, forward cervical neck and protruding abdomen obese body. The actual body shape of elderly men was classified according to the bust, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body part angle. But recognition body shape of elderly men was classified by visual factors like the abdomen, the angle of the neck, the inclination of the back, the slope of the waist, and the degree of obesity. It is necessary to consider the trend of silver fashion which is increasing in demand. In addition, it is necessary to develop clothing patterns of comfortable fit through ergonomic study on the physical characteristics of older men. Consideration should be given to the design and pattern that can reduce the difference between the ideal body shape and the body shape recognized by older men.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.33-38
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• 2021

This paper presents a comparative study between the parameter-optimized Pacejka model and artificial neural network model for the tire force estimation. The two different approaches are investigated and compared in this study. First, offline optimization is conducted based on Pacejka Magic Formula model to determine the proper parameter set for the minimization of tire force error between the model and test data set. Second, deep neural network model is used to fit the model to the tire test data set. The actual tire forces are measured using MTS Flat-Track test platform and the measurements are used as the reference tire data set. The focus of this study is on the applicability of machine learning technique to tire force estimation. It is shown via the regression results that the deep neural network model is more effective in describing the tire force than the parameter-optimized Pacejka model.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: The speech-in-noise test is typically performed using an audiometer. The results of the digit-in-noise recognition (DIN) test may be influenced by the flat frequency response of free-field audiometry and frequency of the hearing aid fit based on fitting rationale. This study aims to investigate the DIN test in unaided and aided conditions. Subjects and Methods: Thirty four adults with moderate and severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) participated in the study. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for 50% of the DIN test was obtained in the following two conditions: 1) the unaided condition, performed using an audiometer in a free field; and 2) aided condition, performed using a hearing aid with an unvented individual earmold that was fitted based on NAL-NL2. Results: There was a statistically significant elevation in the mean SNR for the severe SNHL group in both test conditions when compared with that of the moderate SNHL group. In both groups, the SNR for the aided condition was significantly lower than that of the unaided condition. Conclusions: Speech recognition in hearing-impaired patients can be realized by fitting hearing aids based on evidence-based fitting rationale rather than by measuring it using free-field audiometry measurement that is utilized in a routine clinic setup.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.96-106
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• 2009

Extending the scale of the distributed processing in a single Ethernet cluster is physically restricted by maximum ports per switch. This paper presents an implementation of MPI-based multicluster consisting of multiple Ethernet switches for extending the scale of distributed processing, and a asymptotical analysis for communication overhead through execution-time analysis model. To determine an optimum task partitioning, we analyzed the processing time for various partitioning schemes, and AAP(accumulator array partitioning) scheme was finally chosen to minimize the overall communication overhead. The scope of data partitioned in AAP was modified to fit for incremented nodes, and suitable load balancing algorithm was implemented. We tried to alleviate the communication overhead through exploiting the pipelined broadcast and flat-tree based result gathering, and overlapping of the communication and the computation time. We used the linear pipeline broadcast to reduce the communication overhead in intercluster which is interconnected by a single link. Experimental results shows nearly linear speedup by the proposed parallel distributed GHT implemented on MPI-based Ethernet multicluster with four 100Mbps Ethernet switches and up to 128 nodes of Pentium PC.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Filter colorimeters have a set of spectral bands for which spectral responsivity is the same as the color matching function defined by CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage). We have designed a set of color matching function filters denoted by $\bar{x}-filter,\;\bar{y}-filter,\;and\;\bar{z}-filter$. Because the $\bar{x}-function$ has two transmission bands, two $\bar{x}-filters$ are designed to cover the $\bar{x}-function$. To design the filters, we developed a nonlinear least square fit program which determines the thickness of the color glasses by minimizing its spectral mismatch value ($f{_1}'$) to below 3 %. The design has been validated by fabrication of the $\bar{y}-bar$ filter, of which $f{_1}'$ was measured to be 2.8 %. Considering a LCD flat panel display as a device under test, we have calculated the systematic error of the colorimetric measurement using the designed filters.