• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2011

The flash point is one of the most significant combustion properties of flammable liquids in industrial processes when evaluation process safety, In this paper, Cleveland open cup tester is used to measure the flash points for the two binary systems (n-propanol + formic acid and acetic acid + propionic acid). The measured flash points were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law and the optimization method using van Laar and Wilson equations. The calculated values based on the optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2015

For the safe handling of o-cresol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of o-cresol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of o-cresol by using closed-cup tester were experimented in $77^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of o-cresol by using open cup tester were experimented in $86^{\circ}C$ and $87^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for o-cresol. The AIT of o-cresol was experimented as $495^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit(LEL) by the measured the lower flash point for o-cresol was calculated as 1.27 Vol%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.92-96
• /
• 1995

The flash point is generally used as a hazardous index of fire or explosion of a flammable liquid. In this study, the lower flash points and the upper flash points according to the composition of Toluene-o-Xylene and Toluene-Methyl Ethyl Ketone mixtures are determined by air-blowing method. As results, relations between the flash points and the compositions of mixtures ; (1) for Toluene-o-Xylene mixtures $T_{fL}$=25.23 $\alpha$ ＋5.34 $T_{fu}$=27.36 $\alpha$ ＋40.50 (2) for Toluene-Methyl Ethyl Keton mixtures $T_{fL}$=10.00 $\beta$-5.00 $T_{fu}$=16.91 $\beta$＋20.45.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3 s.63
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2006

The flash and fire point are the most important combustible properties used to determine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable material. The flash point is defined as the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air near its surface or within a vessel. The fire point is the temperature of the flammable liquid at which there will be flaming combustion, sustained 5 seconds in response to the pilot flame. In this study, the flash points and fire points were measured to present raw data of the flammable risk assessment for acids, using Pensky-Martens Closed Cup(C.C.) apparatus (ASTM-D93) and Tag Open-cup (O.C.) apparatus(ASTM D 1310-86). The measured fire points were compared with the estimated values based on 1.11 times stoichiometric concentration. The values calculated by the proposed equation were in good agreement with measured values.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 2007

The usage of MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) is increased world widely for the implementation of GHS and REACH. In order to know the accuracy of the data in MSDS the flash point of n-Decanol was measured by using a Tag closed tester, a Seta-flash closed tester, a Pensky-Martens closed tester and a Cleveland open tester in Japan and Korea, respectively. The test results of flash points of n-Decanol purchased different manufacturer were compared to the data of the references and MSDS. The flash points determined in Japan were similar to those in Korea but have shown much difference from those in MSDS and literatures. It is suggested that the results of flash points determined in this research have validity and manufacturers should be more careful when they make MSDS as well as for the classification of GHS and REACH.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.10 no.4 s.33
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2006

Estimation of process safety is important in the chemical process design. Prediction for flash points of flammable substances used in chemical processes is the one of the methods for estimating process safety. Flash point is the property used to examine the potential for the fire and explosion hazards of flammable substances. In this paper, multivariate statistical analysis methods(partial least squares(PLS) quadratic partial least squares(QPLS)) using experimental data is suggested for predicting flash points of flammable substances of binary systems. The prediction results are compared with the values calculated by laws of Raoult and Van Laar equation.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.208-212
• /
• 2016

In this work, a loop sensor for Arc-Flash detections has been developed in order to trip a circuit breaker within 2.5 ms after an Arc-Flash event. For an efficient capturing of the flash light, plastic optical fibers, where light attenuations are larger than those in silica-based ones, with different diameters and surface conditions were utilized. The performance was comparatively analyzed with those of a point sensor and a commercialized product. The point sensor module was designed for hemisphere-like capturings of Arc-Flashes larger than 3 kA at 2 meters from the sensor. On the other hand, the loop sensor allowed 360-degree-detections around the fiber axis and the measurement range was dependent on the length of the fiber connected to the sensor module. The trip-level-dependent brightness measurement results showed that the fabricated point sensor and loop sensor satisfied a brightness condition, 10~40 klux, and the responses of the system to Arc-Flashes were completed within 2.5 ms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.221-221
• /
• 2010

수배전반 내부에서 Arc 사고 발생시 동반되는 광신호를 검출할 수 있는 광센서를 개발하였다. 개발된 광센서는 특정 부위에 설치되어 해당 위치에서 발생하는 광신호를 검출하는 Point Sensor와 넓은 범위를 감시할 수 있는 Loop Sensor의 두 가지 형태로 구성되어 있다. 두 가지 모두 광섬유를 통하여 계전기 등에 부착되며, 일반 통신용 광섬유보다 큰 core를 갖는 특수 광섬유가 사용되었다. Point Sensor는 광섬유 끝단에 부착된 Cap에 의해 광신호가 검출되고, Loop Sensor는 광섬유 자체가 Sensor로 사용되어 광신호의 검출 및 전승을 수행한다. Point Sensor에 부착되는 Cap은 보다 넓은 범위 감시하고, 광신호 발생 위치에 따른 편차를 줄일 수 있는 형태로 설계되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2012

The flash point the lowest temperature at which the concentration of vapor of the substance in the air reaches the lower flammability limit(LFL), and is one of the most important physical properties used to determine the potential for fire and explosion hazards of industrial materials. The most published flash point data was for pure components and the flash points of the binary solutions that have flammable components, appear to be scarce in the literature. In the present study, the flash points of tert-pentanol+n-decane system were measured by Tag open-cup tester. The measured data were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law and the optimization methods based on the Wilson and NRTL equations. The calculated values by optimization methods were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2019

The flash points of DMF based organic solvent mixtures used in the synthetic leather manufacturing process were measured. The test group was composed of seven types of solvent mixtures, which included DMF, toluene, and MEK. Each flash point was tested according to the international standard test methods of KS M 2010. The flash points were then predicted using some prediction models and compared with the measured data. From the analysis results, the binary mixtures with a mole ratio of less than approximately 0.7 showed that the measured values were under 25 ℃. This showed that the expectation for the flammable risk lowering effects due to the mixing of high flash point materials was reduced. In addition, the predicted values were evaluated using the average absolute deviation (A.A.D). The results showed that the Le Chatelier's models had an "A.A.D" of 1.95 ℃ and were the closest to the measured values.