• Composites Research
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2022

Polymers are inherently vulnerable to flame, which limits their application to various high-tech industries. In addition, environmental regulations restrict the use of halogen-based flame retardants which has best flame-retardant effect. There are inorganic flame retardants and phosphorous flame retardants as representative non-halogen-based flame retardants. However, high content of flame retardants is required to impart high flame retardancy of the polymers, and this leads to a decrease in mechanical properties. In this research, a new approach for inorganic flame retardant-based polymer composites with high mechanical properties and flame retardancy was suggested. Inorganic flame retardants called as magnesium oxysulfate whisker (MOSw) were used in this research. MOSw can extinguish fire by releasing water and non-combustible gases when exposed to flame. In addition, they have reinforcing effect when added into the polymer with its high aspect ratio. Expandable graphite (EG) was used as a flame-retardant supplement by helping to form a more dense char layer. Through this research, it is expected that it can be applied to various industries requiring flame retardancy such as automobile, and architecture by replacing halogen-based flame polymer composites.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2006

So that high-strength and electrical properties apply by excellent high voltage insulator electricity material, ATH content and platinum-based flame retardant that influence in flame retardant and tracking characteristic among composite of silicone rubber studied mechanical strength and influence getting to electrical properties. Composition of ${\alpha}$, ${\omega}-vinyl$ poly (dimethyl-methylphenyl) siloxane(VPMPS) of a polymer quantity made doing mole of D4, $D3^{Me,Ph}$ and VMS by 1000:15:0.2 mole ratio and uses basic catalyst tetramethylammonium silanolate(TMAS) and do opening equilibrium polymerization to be used to main polymer for high voltage insulation insulator. Control ATH content and content of platinum-based flame retardant and made high voltage insulation silicone rubber. Measured mechanical strength of making silicone rubber using UTM, and tracking characteristic according to standard of IEC 60587, flame retardant test studied effect that flame retardant characteristic gets in tracking characteristic, measuring according to UL94V method of test.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

Natural fibers reinforced polymer composites are being used in several low strength applications. More research is going on to improve their mechanical and interface properties for structural applications. However, these composites have serious issues regarding flammability, which are not being focused broadly. A limited amount of literature has been published on the flame retardant techniques and flammability factor of natural fibers based polymer matrix composites. Therefore, it is needed to address the flammability properties of natural fibers based polymer composites to expand their application area. This paper summarizes some of the recent literature published on the subject of flammability and flame retardant methods applied to natural fibers reinforced polymer matrix composites. Different factors affecting the flammability, flame retardant solutions, mechanisms and characterization techniques have been discussed in detail.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2020

In this study, the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of ethylene-propylene-diene-termonomer (EPDM) based rubber compounds and various other environmentally friendly inorganic flame retardants were investigated. Alumina trihydrate (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MDH) were used as inorganic flame retardants. The mechanical properties after thermal oxidation aging and the flame-retardant properties of the EPDM compounds were measured using a moving die rheometer, a universal testing machine, a compression set, and a UL 94 V flammability test. We focused on how the properties were affected by the type and amount of flame retardants. The results demonstrated that the optimal mechanical and flame-retardant V-0 grade properties were obtained at an ATH content of 200 phr.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.755-764
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• 2020

Due to pronounced mechanical performance and being environmental friendly, aqueous polymer isocyanate adhesive (API) has been widely applied in the production of formaldehyde-free wood products. In this study, flame retardant formaldehyde-free plywood was prepared by incorporation of flame retardants into the API adhesive. Partially phosphorylated poly (vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) which was prepared by reacting poly (vinyl alcohol) with phosphoric acid was used to replace PVA in API formula. In addition, Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) was chosen as additive flame retardant, replacing traditional filler CaCO₃ in API adhesive formula. And then, the flame retardant API adhesive with main agent (PPVA replacing PVA70wt.%, SBR emulsion 30wt.%), curing agent 10wt.% (accounts for of the main agent), and 20wt.% LDHs (accounts of the main agent) was used to prepare flame retardant plywood. The effect of application of PPVA and Mg-Al LDH on bonding strength of plywood was investigated. The flammability characteristics of the plywood were determined by cone calorimeter test (CCT). The results revealed that compared with the plywood prepared with API adhesive, the use of PPVA and LDH enhanced the flame retardancy of plywood without negatively affecting bonding strength. The CCT tests indicated that the heat release and smoke production flame retardant API plywood were lower than those of the ordinary API glued plywood. Promising developments for flame retardant API adhesive were expected in future applications of flame retardant formaldehyde-free plywood.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.569-575
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• 2003

열가소성 수지인 폴리프로필렌 (PP)과 무기나노입자인 몬모릴로나이트 (MMT)의 나노복합재료에 할로젠 계열의 난연제 데카브로모다이페닐옥사이드 (DBDPO)와 클로로파라핀 왁스 (CPW)를 철가하였을 때의 난연특성 향상에 대해 실험하였다. 고분자 수지의 난연특성은 난연제의 첨가뿐만 아니라 나노복합화를 통해서도 향상될 수 있는데, 콘 칼로리미터와 한계산소지수 (LOI)의 측정을 통하여 난연제와 무기나노입자의 함량에 따른 폴리프로필렌/몬모릴로나이트 나노복합재료의 난연특성을 정량적으로 측정하였다. 폴리프로필렌에 난연제 DBDPO와 CPW를 첨가하였을 때, 난연특성이 2배 이상 향상되는 것을 관찰하였으며, CPW가 DBDPO보다 약간 우수한 난연특성을 보였다. 한계산소지수 측정결과 폴리프로필렌에 난연제를 첨가하면 폴리프로필렌의 연소특성이 가연성 영역 (LOI<19)에서 난연성 영역 (LOI>20)으로 전이됨을 확인하였다. 특히, 폴리프로필렌에 몬모릴로나이트를 첨가하여 나노복합화를 하였을 때의 난연특성이 3배 이상 향상되었는데, 이로부터 난연제를 단순히 혼합하는 것보다 몬모릴로나이트를 나노복합화한 후 난연제를 첨가하는 것이 난연특성의 향상에 휠씬 유리하였다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제27권
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• pp.81-89
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• 2018

The present study aimed to prepare a novel efficient flame retardant additive for polypropylene. The new flame retardant was prepared by chemical grafting of melamine to graphene oxide with the aid of thionyl chloride. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis proved that melamine had been successfully grafted to the graphene oxide. The modified graphene oxide was incorporated into polypropylene via solution mixing followed by anti-solvent precipitatio. Homogeneous distribution as well as exfoliation of the nanoplatelets in the polymer matrix was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a significant improvement in the thermo-oxidative stability of the polymer after incorporating 2 wt% of the modified graphene oxide. The modified graphene oxide also enhanced the limiting oxygen index of the polymer. However, the amount of improvement was not enough for the polymer to be ranked as a self-extinguishing material. Cone calorimetry showed that incorporating 2 wt% of the modified graphene oxide lowered total heat release and the average production rate of carbon monoxide during burning of the polymer by as much as 40 and 35%, respectively. Hence, it was concluded that the new flame retardant can retard burning of the polymer efficiently and profoundly reduce suffocation risk of exposure to burning polymer byproducts.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2001

난연성분인 트리브로모아세트산의 함량을 10, 20, 30wt%로 변화시키면서 1,4-부탄디올, 아디프산 및 트리메틸올프로판과 축합중합을 하여 트리브로모 변성폴리에스테르(TBAO)를 합성한 후에, TBAO류와 이소시아네이트를 블렌드하여 2성분계 폴리우레탄(PU) 난연도료를 제조하였다. 제조된 난연도료의 도막물성을 측정한 결과, 결코 비난연도료보다 물성이 저하되지는 않았다. 또한 난연도료의 난연성 시험결과, 수직법에서 트리브로모아세트산 20 wt%에서 불꽃에 타지 않아서 양호한 난연도료임을 알 수 있었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.620-625
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• 2008

A novel nitrogen-phosphorus compound, diphenyl piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylphosphinate)(DPPMP) was synthesized via a two step reaction and its flame retarding efficiency as a single component additive was investigated. The success of synthesis was confirmed by FTIR and $^1H$ and $^{31}P$ NMR analysis. The product was mixed with polycarbonate (PC), poly(butylene terephtalate) (PBT), ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer (EVA), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). The flame-retarding efficiency was evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the UL-94 vertical test methods. The addition of DPPMP enhanced the flame retardancy of the polymers and the V-0 ratings were obtained for the polymers examined in this study at a loading of 7-30 wt%. The gas-phase flame retardancy mode of action was suggested for this material from the thermogrametry experiment results.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2003

무독성의 반응형 난연 도료를 제조할 목적으로 모체수지 1개의 구조단위 속에 2개의 인산기를 보유한 파이로포스포릭 락톤 변성 폴리에스터 (PATT)를 합성하고, PATT에 이소시아네이트인 toluene diisocyanate-isocyanurate를 상온경화시켜 2성분계 폴리우레탄 난연 도료(PIPUC)를 제조하였다. PIPUC로서 도막제작 후 비난연 도료와의 도막물성을 비교한 결과 난연 성분 도입에 따른 난연 도료의 물성이 저하되지 않음을 알았다. 난연성 시험 중 45$^{\circ}$ Meckel burner 법에서는 탄화길이가 3.1~4.4 cm를, LOI법에서는 LOI 27~30%를 각각 나타냄으로써 양호한 난연 효과를 보여주었고, SEM에 의한 표면 도막을 관찰한 결과 도막의 결함이나 상분리 현상이 생기지 않음을 관찰하였다.