• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2003

Effect of fixation methods and relaxation treatment on the flame retardant(FR) and physical properties of MDPP/HMM treated cotton weft-knitted fabrics were studied. Combination of four different fixation methods - relaxation, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of cotton weft-knitted fabric with MDPP/HMM. As the results, 1. Swelling agent and wet fixation method helps FR agent penetrate the fiber efficiently. Interlock showed relatively higher values of LOI than single jersey. 2. Interlock showed relatively higher values of bending rigidity(B), shear rigidity(G) and coefficient of friction(MIU) than those of single jersey before and after flame resistant treatment. 3. An increase in internal volume of cotton fiber by relaxation treatment increased the bending rigidity(B), shear rigidity(G) and compressional energy(WC). 4. The cotton weft-knitted fabric treated wet fixation, which crossliked FR agent efficiently, showed higher bending rigidity, shear rigidity(G) and lower compressional energy(WC). Retention of swelling ability of cotton weft-knitted fabrics treated with MDPP/HMM, which increased the internal volume of cotton weft-knitted fabric, showed lower bending rigidity.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.9-13
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• 2016

Anti-oxidation and flame resistant polyurethane nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and aluminum hydroxide addition. Electrospinning was carried out under the following procedure conditions; applied voltage, 20 kV; polymer solution feeding rate, 1.2 ml/h; collector rolling speed, 120 rpm; and tip to collector distance, 15 cm. Aluminum hydroxide was added to the prepared polymer solution for electrospinning to enhance the oxidation and flame resistant properties. The thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis to determine the polymer decomposition temperature, integral procedure decomposition temperature, final decomposition temperature, and remaining amount after thermal decomposition. The activated energy for polymer degradation was also investigated using the Horowitz-Metzger equation. The activation energy increased to more than 50%. The thermal properties of the polyurethane nanofibers were improved by a hydration reaction during the thermal decomposition of aluminum hydroxide around $300{\sim}500^{\circ}C$.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2010

The fire resistive materials are used to resist from fire accidents in the building. In this study silicone rubber/inorganic flame retardant composites were prepared by mechanical stirring method, using aluminium trihydroxide(ATH, $Al(OH)_3$) and magnesium dihydroxide(MDH, $Mg(OH)_2$) as synergistic fire-resistant additives. The thermal properties of the fire resistant composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). In addition, rheological properties were observed by rheometer and fire-resistant properties were tested by gas torch. Through this study, we realized that the silicone rubber containing ATH, MDH increased the performance of fire-resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 1997

The intrinsic flame retardant and heat resistant polymers such as PQXS [poly( quinoxaline )sulfide], PIQS [poly(isoquinoline)sulfide] and PQS [poly(quinoline)sulfide] were synthesized from 2, 3-dichloroquinoxaline, 1, 3-dichloroisoquinoline and 4, 7-dichloroquinoline. They were characterized by FT-IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, DTA and elemental analysis. The melting point above $350^{\circ}C$ of the polymers show higher than that of the heat resistant PPS polymer(mp. $295^{\circ}C$), In the LOI test, the polymers exhibit an intrinsically high flame retardant property having the LOI values in the range of 41~42. The vertical burning test for the polymers also show an UL 94 V-0 performance.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

In this paper, The experimental materials of painted fire resistant paint on substrate, FRP, PVC, AL and stainless steel that fire resistant paint developed newly were evaluated as the hazard elements : the fire resistibility of the materials, fire spread test of flame, the oxygen index, flammability, the smoke density. the toxicity index from it when it burned. As a result of the experiments, the AL and the stainless steel were passed of fire resistant class 1, the FRP, the AL, and the stainless steel were ignited of fire spread test of flame, all the experimental materials showed about $50\%$ of oxygen index, V-0 of flammability, and 43-338 of maximum smoke density at flaming mode used smoke density chamber. Also, they showed that the toxicity index of combustion products were 0.57-1.12.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.10-10
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• 1994

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

For the preparation of hardened films which can be applied as a binder for flame-resistant materials such as silica, linseed oil was subjected to a low temperature plasma treatment with argon, or oxygen gas. The film was produced much faster than so-called drying of oil in air. The SEM analysis for silica particles embedded in the hardened film after plasma treatment showed that the silica particles were immobilized on substrate and were evenly dispersed. The FT-IR spectral analysis for the plasma-treated linseed oil films demonstrated that the radicals which were formed during the plasma treatments caused the linseed oil to be cross-linked, and the plasmas attacked carbon chains of the oil randomly without focusing on specific vulnerable bonds such carbon double and carbonyl bonds intensively unless exposure times of the plasmas were prolonged too much, while the cross-linking of the air-dried film was considered to occur at the well-known typical sites, i.e., carbon-carbon double bond and ${\alpha}$-methylene carbon. Burning times, as a measure of flame/fire resistance, of silica-filled cellulose substrates, increased with increasing contents of silica.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2021

In this study, flame retardant mixtures of decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) and Sb2O3 were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The experimentally obtained wavenumbers of DBDPE and Sb2O3 were 1321 and 949 cm-1, respectively, whereas those obtained by theoretical calculation were 1370 and 818 cm-1, respectively. Strong correlation was observed between the mixing molar ratios and observed peak area ratios, suggesting that FT-IR analysis can be used to obtain relative amounts of the individual components of flame retardant mixture.

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.309-316
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• 2022

The demand for cold-resistant cable material is increasing due to the rapid increase in the development of devices that operate in a low temperature environment. Cold tolerance of a thermoplastic polymer largely depends on the type and content of about 20 or more additives used to make the polymer. The phenomenon of polymer hardening at low temperature can be classified into hardening by simple temperature effect, embrittlement at the glass transition temperature, and hardening by crystallization of polymers that tend to crystallize. In this study, a thermoplastic polymer having a low glass transition temperature, a flame retardant, and an additive were mixed to evaluate the mechanical properties of a thermoplastic polymer composite material for electric wires. It has been confirmed that mechanical properties and processability are determined depending on the additives and compatibilizers added, and this study is considered to be useful as basic data for optimization to meet the performance requirements of wires developed for low-temperature use.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.166-177
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• 1998

Combustion characteristics of natural gas premixed flames is studied experimently and numerically by adopting a counterflow as a flamelet model in turbulent flames. Flame speeds are measured by employing LDV, and the results show that flame speed increases linearly with strain rate, which agrees well with numerical results. Parametric dependences of extinction strain rates are studied numerically with detailed kinetic mechanism to show that the addition of ethand to a methane premixed flame makes the flame more resistant to strain rate. The effect of pressure on the extinction strain rate is that the extinction strain rate increases up to 10 atm and them decreases, which is explained by competition of chain branching H+O2=OH+O and recombination reaction H+O2+M=HO2+M. Detailed mechanism having seventy-four step is systematically reduced to a nine-step and a five-step thermal NOx chemistry is reduced to two-step. Comparison between the results of the detailed and the reduced mechanisms demonstrates that the reduced mechanism successfully describes the essential features of natural gas premixed flames including extinction strain rate and NOx production.