• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.476-481
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• 2013

Transfer path analysis(TPA) and operational deflection shape(ODS) have been widely utilized to analyze the characteristics of noise. TPA enables to decompose a noise into air-borne and structure-borne noises then estimate the path contribution of noise. ODS enables to analyze a moving shape and direction of interest components at a particular frequency. In this paper, TPA and ODS are applied to transfer paths of air-conditioner booming noise in a vehicle to reduce noise level, then a fixture is mounted it's path for distributing the high portion path contribution to the low portion path contribution. Through this experiment, the reduction of sound pressure level in air-conditioner booming noise is observed. Thereafter, TPA is again employed to verify the results of contribution.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2004

In The Lighting design is important to acknowledge appearance space. Development of artificial light makes a extension to life space in the Modern life. With the rapid development of efficient light sources, have lighting design acquired the tools that allow artificial lighting to be produced with adequate illuminance levels. However, by the task of defining the objectives and methods behind discipline, of deciding on the criteria by which the artificial lighting that is now provide many available data to be anpaied. The main concern is which illuminace levels and types of lighting will ensure optimum visual performance, high productive and safety at design which are affordable. This study is support to standard design process with material reflection rate, installing the lighting fixture, task illuminance level and automatic arithmetic calculation during the lighting design. Lighting Design database can check and support other final lighting level. A quantitative light that is primarily oriented toward providing a recommended illuminance level, the criterion of develop a concept that goes beyond the requirements that would ensure productivity and safety to meet the needs of the architecture and interior space. illuminance level is compose to space task and space code according to KS A 3011. To be able to design the visual effect of an environment the central reference quantity has to provided the Database.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.769-777
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• 1999

Research on vibration of a vehicle with a transversely mounted 4-cylinder engine was performed using a vector synthesis method, Data of the engine vibration for the vector synthesis method was obtained experimentally and the data was ODS-fitted to calculate vibration level on any engine location assuming that the engine is rigid body in the frequency range of interest. In order to derive the excitation force on the vehicle body, the displacements were converted from the acceleration of engine. The transfer functions from engine mounts to toe pan on the floor were obtained experimentally. The vibration level on the toe pan was predicted by multiplying the excitation force by the transfer function. The predicted vibration level was compared with experimental data and the result was reasonable. Using the developed method, analysis was made for the effect of body fixture conditions of the vehicle when testing the engine vibration and for the effect of the transfer functions when the engine is installed or when the engine is removed. Finally the degree of contribution for 12 transfer paths was calculated.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to deformation under static overloading by measuring yield and fracture strength, and to analyze the failure characteristics of implant assemblies made of different titanium grades and connections. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Six groups of implant assemblies were fabricated according to ISO 14801 (n=10). These consisted of the combinations of 3 platform connections (external, internal, and morse tapered) and 2 materials (titanium grade 2 and titanium grade 4). Yield strength and fracture strength were evaluated with a computer-controlled Universal Testing Machine, and failed implant assemblies were classified and analyzed by optical microscopy. The data were analyzed using the One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test with the level of significance at P=.05. RESULTS. The group $IT4_S$ had the significantly highest values and group IT2 the lowest, for both yield strength and fracture strength. Groups $IT4_N$ and ET4 had similar yield and fracture strengths despite having different connection designs. Group MT2 and group IT2 had significant differences in yield and fracture strength although they were made by the same material as titanium grade 2. The implant system of the similar fixture-abutment interfaces and the same materials showed the similar characteristics of deformation. CONCLUSION. A longer internal connection and titanium grade 4 of the implant system is advantageous for static overloading condition. However, it is not only the connection design that affects the stability. The strength of the titanium grade as material is also important since it affects the implant stability. When using the implant system made of titanium grade 2, a larger diameter fixture should be selected in order to provide enough strength to withstand overloading.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the stability of interface between Co-Cr-Mo (CCM) UCLA abutment and external hex implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen external hex implant fixtures were assigned to two groups (CCM and Gold group) and were embedded in molds using clear acrylic resin. Screw-retained prostheses were constructed using CCM UCLA abutment and Gold UCLA abutment. The external implant fixture and screw-retained prostheses were connected using abutment screws. After the abutments were tightened to 30 Ncm torque, 5 kg thermocyclic functional loading was applied by chewing simulator. A target of $1.0{\times}10^6$cycles was applied. After cyclic loading, removal torque values were recorded using a driving torque tester, and the interface between implant fixture and abutment was evaluated by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The means and standard deviations (SD) between the CCM and Gold groups were analyzed with independent t-test at the significance level of 0.05. RESULTS. Fractures of crowns, abutments, abutment screws, and fixtures and loosening of abutment screws were not observed after thermocyclic loading. There were no statistically significant differences at the recorded removal torque values between CCM and Gold groups (P>.05). SEM analysis revealed that remarkable wear patterns were observed at the abutment interface only for Gold UCLA abutments. Those patterns were not observed for other specimens. CONCLUSION. Within the limit of this study, CCM UCLA abutment has no statistically significant difference in the stability of interface with external hex implant, compared with Gold UCLA abutment.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-143
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 임플란트 형태 및 골 흡수가 피로 파절에 미치는 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 오스탬 임플란트 4가지 형태 즉 외부 연결 평행형, 내부 연결 평행형, 외부 연결 첨형, 내부 연결 첨형 선정하고, 8개 군으로 분류하였다. 또한 식립 높이에 따른 피로 수명 변화 조사하기 위하여 시료 고정 지그 표면으로부터 고정체를 각각 2mm, 4mm 노출시켜 피로 시험을 시행하였다. 피로 파절 실험은 하중 조건을 최대 하중 600N, 최소 하중 60N으로 하였으며, 스테인리스 스틸로 지그 제작하여 동적 하중 피로 시험기에 연결하고 고정 후 실온에서 14Hz로 실험하였다. 고정체, 지대주 나사 파절 양상, 파절 위치 등 관찰하기 위해 주사전자현미경 사용하였으며, 유한 요소 분석 하여 고정체, 지대주 나사에 나타나는 응력 분포, 파절면 양상 비교 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 고정체를 2mm 노출시켜 피로 시험시 첨형 임플란트 피로 수명이 평행형보다 높고, 외부 연결형이 내부 연결형보다 높았다. 2. 고정체를 4mm씩 노출시켜 피로 시험시 평행형 임플란트 피로 수명이 첨형보다 높고, 외부 연결형 임플란트 피로수명이 내부 연결형보다 높았다. 3. 고정체 노출 높이가 2mm인 경우 내부 연결형은 모두 지대주 몸체, 고정체 육각부 접하는 경계부에서 수평으로 피로 파절 발생하였고, 외부 연결형은 고정체 육각부에서 고정체 나사부 방향으로 경사지게 또는 고정체 사공 간부에서 피로 파절 발생하였다. 고정체가 4mm 노출된 경우 임플란트 종류 무관하게 지대주 나사 첨부 고정체 사공간부에서 주로 발생하였다. 4. 피로 파절면 관찰은 모든 군에서 피로 줄무늬를 보였으며 취성파괴 특징인 벽개파면, 연성파괴 특징인 딤플무늬 등이 혼재되어 나타났다. 5. 압축력 받는 협측 유효 응력이 인장력 받는 설측보다 높고, 고정체에 작용하는 유효 응력이 지대주 나사에 작용하는 것보다 높았으며, 고정체에 작용하는 최대 유효 응력은 평행형에서 높았다. 따라서 교합력 많이 받는 구치부에서 내부 연결형 임플란트 식립시 각별한 주의 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of stress in the surrounding bone around implant placed in the first and second molar region. Two different three-dimensional finite element model were designed according to vertical bone level around fixture ($4.0mm{\times}11.5mm$) on the second molar region. A mandibular segment containing two implant-abutments and a two-unit bridge system was molded as a cancellous core surrounded by a 2mm cortical layer. The mesial and distal section planes of the model were not covered by cortical bone and were constrained in all directions at the nodes. Two vertical loads and oblique loads of 200 N were applied at the center of occlusal surface (load A) or at a position of 2mm apart buccally from the center (load B). Von-Mises stresses were analyzed in the supporting bone. The results were as follows; 1. With the vertical load at the center of occlusal surface, the stress pattern on the cortical and cancellous bones around the implant on model 1 and 2 was changed, while the stress pattern on the cancellous bone with oblique load was not. 2. With the vertical load at the center of occlusal surface, the maximum von-Mises stress appeared in the outer distal side of the cortical bone on Model 1 and 2, while the maximum von-Mises stress appeared in the distal and lingual distal side of the cortical bone with oblique load. 3. With the vertical load at a position of 2 mm apart buccally from the center, there was the distribution of stress on the upper portion of the implant-bone interface and the cortical bone except for the cancellous bone, while there was a distribution of stress on the cancellous bones at the apical and lingual sides around the fixture and on the cortical bone with oblique load. 4. With the changes of the supporting bone on the second molar area, the stress pattern on the upper part of the cortical bone between two implants was changed, while the stress pattern on the cancellous bone was not. The results of this study suggest that establishing the optimum occlusal contact considering the direction and position of the load from the standpoint of stress distribution of surrounding bone will be clinically useful.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2012

This paper deals with the development and feasible study of the train to pedestrian protection airbag. The concept of the airbag system is to protect the pedestrian like as workers on railroad. The airbag system includes cushions, gas generators, a housing, sliding fixture, anti-bouncing airbag, and a leg protection bumper. Those things were designed and fabricated. The performance of the airbag system was evaluated in the sense of the static deployment test, drop test, dynamic motion test and field(train level) test. The deployment logic, TTF(Time to fire), and the inner pressure of the cushion were also investigated for the airbag.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2011

This study aims at aligning multiple wafers to reduce wafer handling time in wafer processes. We designed a multilevel structure for a prealigner which can handle multiple wafer simultaneously in a system. The system consists of gripping parts, kinematic parts, vacuum chucks, pneumatic units, hall sensors and a DSP controller. Aligning procedure has two steps: mechanical gripping and notch finding. In the first step, a wafer is aligned in XY directions using 4-point mechanical contact. The rotational error can be found by detecting a signal in a notch using hall sensors. A dual prealigner was designed for 300mm wafers and constructed for a performance test. The accuracy was monitored by checking the movement of a notch in a machine vision. The result shows that the dual prealigner has enough performance as commercial products.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.293-303
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to develop a PC level freeform surface modeling system which explicitly represents information of part geometry. Surface modeler uses nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) function with nonuniform knot vector for the flexible modeling work. The results of this study are as follows. 1) By implementation surface modeler through applying representation scheme proposed to represent free-form surface explicity, the technical foundation to develop free-from surface modeling system using parametric method. 2) Besides the role to model geometric shape of a surface, geometric modeler is developed to model arbitrary geometric shape. By doing this, the availability of the modeling system is improved. Geometric modeler can be utilized application fields such as collision test of tool and fixture, and tool path generation for NC machine tool.