• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-31
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study is to verify the characteristics of acupuncture methods of Joseon Dynasty by looking into the relationship between five viscera diagnosis and acupuncture methods. Material & Method : In the process, I've reviewed the relationship between meridian/exterior and viscera/bowels, along with a thorough comparison of the academic tendency in acupuncture of Ming-China, Qing-China and Joseon. Result & Conclusion : The two fields of meridian and exterior, and viscera and bowels had been theoretically merged, and based upon that, foundation methods applying the five viscera diagnosis were designed. Joseon acupuncture exceeded the existing concept of viscera which simply related itself to the exterior meridian and exterior by integrating the concepts from the visceral manifestation theory. With this, large proportions of medicine related to the visceral manifestation theory were invited into acupuncture, expanding therapeutic boundaries for acupuncture treatment. A historical review on medical texts starts from the Hyangyakjipseongbang("鄕藥集成方") which familiarized the public with mainstream acupuncture knowledge up until the Song dynasty, followed by Uibangyuchwi("醫方類聚"), which sparked up interest on the acupuncture methods based on viscera and bowels. Donguibogam("東醫寶鑑") organized the medical theories up until then, building a foundation upon which viscera/bowel-based acupuncture was able to develop further. In Chimgugyeongheombang("鍼灸經驗方"), viscera/bowel-based acupuncture methods started to blossom, integrating the meridian and exterior theory with the viscera manifestation theory, which in turn provided various methods through five viscera diagnosis. In the Saamdoin acupuncture method(舍岩道人鍼法), diagnostic criteria moved on to the five viscera diagnosis, and new methods resulting from the inter-complimentary and inter-prohibiting relationships between the five phases were introduced, opening a new world of acupuncture.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.51-54
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• 2010

Since ${\ll}$Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Nangyeong(難經)${\gg}$, there has been various methods in pulse diagnosis. The Chon-gu(寸口)/Inyeong(人迎) Pulse Comparison Diagnosis which is dealt with in many chapters of the ${\ll}$Hwangjenaegyeong${\gg}$, has not been as widely applied as the Chon-gu Pulse Diagnosis due to several limitations. In this paper, we will review these limitations and suggest an alternative method. In the Chon-gu/Inyeong Pulse Comparison Diagnosis, we compare the Chon-gu Pulse and the Inyeong Pulse to see which is larger than the other by times, and diagnose illness of the 12 Meridian Pulse. It is fairly clear which is larger than the other, but to determine by how much accurately is quite difficult to say. However if we combine the Five Viscera Pulse in application, it becomes far more easier to determine which viscera and bowel is ill. First, study the pulse of the Chon-gu and In-yeong, then determine the Viscera Pulse. Next, determine the larger pulse between the Chon-gu and In-yeong pulse.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-25
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• 2008

Myeong(明) Dynasty Period put together clinically various medical theory in Song(宋) Dynasty and Geum-Won(金元) age, organized medical system. They have been developed in theory, which thought of Byeonjeungronchi(辨證論治) more important, and clinical part which included diagnosis, therapy, prevention. In that age reactional medical thought was in fashion because of affect of Ihak(理學), therefore pediatrics have been affected from them. Especially, looking at the symptom of Byeonjeungronchi doctors, Manjeon(萬全), Nobaeksa(魯伯嗣), Wangdaeryun(王大綸), Wanggeungdang(王肯堂), Nuyeong(樓英) had succeed to Jeoneul(錢乙)' the five viscera Byeonjeung(辨證) system. Manjeon advocated Samyuyeosabujokron(三有餘四不足論) about Jangbu(臟腑) and organized the curative principle about Ojangheosil(五臟虛實). Gupyeong(寇平), commented on diagnosis of five viscera and classification of disease of five viscera. Wangdaeryun in the close of Myeong Dynasty Age explained main pulse, pulse of illness in detail according to weakness or strength of five viscera, pathological or physiological features of five viscera and Saenggeuk(生克) relation of Ohaeng(五行) in the book of "Yeongdongryuchwe(嬰童類萃)". Wanggeungdang and Nuyeong had organized system of argument which classified disease as a result of symptom of five viscera. "Yugwajeungchijunseung(幼科證治準繩)" and "Uihakgangmok(醫學綱目) Soabu(小兒部)" had been written by this principle. Nobaeksa had arranged the principle of cure about five viscera and explained method of common use about each organ's disease. Besides, Seolgi(薛己), Janggyeong-ak(張景岳), insisted about Myeongmun(命門) because he thought of Bisin(脾腎) of children and vigor by nature importance. Seolgi had applied and used very well Bojung-ikgitang(補中益氣湯) based on Idongwon(李東垣)'s Biwiseol(脾胃說) and controled and helped spleen and stomach. At the same time, he took a serious view about supplementing children's Sin-gi(腎氣) according to so many spleen and stomach disease was fallen because they couldn't make warm the spirit of Jungju(中州), result of weakening Hwa(火) of Myeongmun. Also Janggyeong-ak took a serious view strengthen of Bisin, so he assorted and used Insam(人蔘) and Buja(附子) to supplement children's weaken energy in kidney Jeonggi(精氣).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2005

1. Objectives This study was to investigate relationship between the diagnosis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) and the diffrentiation of syndromes according to the state of Qi, Blood, Body Fluid, Phlegm retention and the five viscera. 2. Methods In-patients and students were investigated through questionnaire of the diffrentiation of syndromes and QSCC2. The results were analyzed statiscally by t-test, one-way ANOVA on SPSS 10 3. Results and Conclusions (1) Soeumin has a high grade on Qi-insufficiency than other consititutions. (2) Soyangin has a high grade on blood insufficiency. And Soyangin who have a disease get a high grade on kidney and get a low grade on spleen.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Wi Syndrome(痿證) mainly occurs from fluid damages[津液損傷] caused by heat in Gi(氣) phase of the Five viscera, while it sometimes come from the outside. Although the symptoms are presented in the limbs, the disorder roots in the Five viscera, most deeply located in the human body, Therefore, to approach the disorder, we must apply differentiation of the Five viscera in diagnosis. The Lungs, as the head of the Five viscera control the production and distribution of bodily fluids in the body. Functional disorder of the Lungs bring about Wi Syndrome regardless of it being in the Gi phase. Also, psychological depression leads to Wi Syndrome, In other words, depression and uneasiness easily results in the state of Gi blocking and fluid exhaustion in this modern society where there is less manual labor and excessive use of the brain. Besides Gi blockage, the top muscle[宗筋] theory is another important mechanism in the occurrence of Wi Syndrome. Moreover, the disorder is related to Yangmyeong(陽明), which is the sea of food, Chungmaek(衝脈) which is the sea of meridian, in addition to Immaek(任脈), Dokmeak (督脈) and Deameak(帶脈) which are all involved in Wi Syndrome. In conclusion, the Wi Syndrome happens when various factors involved lose balance and harmony with each other.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Maek Kyoung(脈經) is a book written, compiled, and edited by Wang Hui circa 3 A.D. This book is the first technical book devoted to the diagnostics. These are very important data but never make a special study and translate. so I hope this treatise can be great help to understand diagnosis study. Methods: Maek Kyoung(脈經) consists of ten volumes, and the third volume consists of the five chapters, including inter-generation and inter-restriction of the five viscera and the six entrails and prognosis of diseases. This treatise is made up of principal, notes, study and conclusion, we tried to make a translation faithful to the original. Results and Conclusion: Chapter 5 refers to three things. The first is relation between kidney and urinary bladder, the second is ordinary and extraordinary pulse condition of kidney, and the third is how to treat diseases related to kidney.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2011

It fuses into culture of the East and the West in use of color ; colors of five direction, which had been from the Five Phase Theory in East Asia. Formative ability of color fields in a formative early Oriental Medicine history as well. Color is a very important factor and a necessary step of visible diagnosis. As a human's body is maintained and alive under the control of spirit and spirit is stored by five viscera, so spirit expresses the change of five viscera and is reflected by color. Visible diagnosis consists of spirit, appearance, Qi and color and movement. The purpose of each visible diagnosis is that we would know states of essence, Qi and spirit in patient's body. To ancient Asia people 'to see' was a kind of insight to the object as a whole. Similarily the activity of seeing the human body was the integral part of making diagnosis of a patient. This was the cause that there was suggested the discussion of the Five color theory in Oriental Medicine as a counterpart to that of the 'Goethe for Zur Farbenlehrer'. The inspection of Oriental Medicine was not a simple gazing of the eye as a sense organ, but the total insight to the internal state of the patient. For that reason, the eye－perception in early Chinese medicine was the reading the signs of the internal body which had have not the visual form but the flux of the internal life.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

Objectives : Reaserch on ophthalmology drawings in Euibangyoochui reveals the medical historic flows of the theory of ohryun-palgwak that is representative theory of ophthalmology. Methods : Ophthalmology drawings are divided into ohryun-palgwak drawings and eye disease drawings. Four picture of ophthalmology drawings in Euibangyoochui are shown in the books of suwolnobangyung, seeuidekhyobang, suyeoksinbang. Results : Ohryun drawing which describes the relationship between eyes and five viscera mentioned in lingshu. This is based on the theory of five elements. Palgwak drawing shows the combination palgwak theory and the eight trigrams of iching. Conclusions : In Korean Medicine theory of the eye, the diagnosis of eyes could be diagnosed eye disease and diseases of five viscera and six entrails. Each parts of the eye are reflected disorders in the five viscera and six entrails. Ophthalmology drawings in Euibangyoochui explains well these theories.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-171
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• 2000

Front Points are told to be deeply related with viscera and bowels in oriental medicine. Since the Front Points are treated as response zone, it can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of disease in viscera and bowels. The location of Front Points are very similar to the several response zones in western medicine. Diagnostic aspect of Front Points to several response zones were discussed in here based on many thesis and reported laboratorial experiments. Front Points are located in the same latitude of viscera and bowels. So, diagnosis result in Front Points represent condition of each organs. Palpitation of the Front Points can make diagnosis of body surface and the organ beneath the body surface. Such use of Front Points for diagnosis can used as the treatment points also. Only three Front Points (LU-1, LI-14, GB-24) in lung, liver and gall bladder meridian are located on its meridian. The Front Points of Stomach (CV-12) cross its meridian or closely located to it. Unlike to those four Front Points that are matched to its meridian, other eight Front Points do not located or cross its meridian at all. It seems that the location of Front Points are decided by the location of organs and the conditions at a certain organ do not delivered by the meridians but delivered by main collaterals, tertiary collaterals and superficial collaterals instead. Among visceral response zones, Five Front Points (CV-3, CV-4, CV-12, LI-14, GB-25) are exactly matched to Head's response zone and other Front Points are closely matched to the Head's response zone. There are five Front Points (CV-12, CV-14, CV-17, LI-14, GB-24) that are matched with the location of pressing palpitation point and other Front Points are closely located to the pressing palpitation point. So far, it was clear that the Front Points do have important role as response points. Symptoms expressed to the Front Points were delivered conditions or symptoms occur in corresponding organ and the anatomical location of Front Points were also found near the corresponding organ. Diagnostic and therapeutic application of Front Points for Organ theory and in the Interpromotion-restraint of the five elements in oriental medicine can be made in future to increase its potential.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2021

Objectives: This study is to analyze Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) using Five Transport Points(五輸穴) and to consider the direction of development. Methods: This study focuses on Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) using Five Transport Points(五輸穴) that Five Phase Theory(五行學說) has been applied as a compound and it is designated Five Phase-Five Transport Points-Acupuncture Method(FPT Acupuncture Method, 五行五輸穴鍼法). Principles, Acupuncture Points(經穴), standards of diagnosis and treatment subjects of FPT Acupuncture Methods used in practices of Korean Medicine (韓醫學) were analyzed through updated literature. Next, the theoretical issues of FPT Acupuncture Methods regarding the composition of selecting exclusively on Five Transport Points(五輸穴) and targeted treatment subjects were investigated. Based upon the investigation, the future direction of development was studied. Results & Conclusions: Firstly, pattern identification and treatment of FPT Acupuncture Methods targeted mostly on Viscera and Bowels(臟腑). However, some showed the tendency to Five Phases Reductionism(五行 還元主義) which attempts to apply Five Phase Theory(五行學說) to symptoms that were not related to Viscera and Bowels(臟腑). Secondly, Five Transport Points(五輸穴) are theoretically related to 'Viscera and Bowels in Concept of Visceral Manifestation(臟象臟腑)'. Thirdly, when the cause of the symptoms exceeds the main therapeutic range of FPT Acupuncture Methods, it is effective to add Acupuncture Points(經穴) excluding Five Transport Points(五輸穴). And also, it is efficient to use Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) that is not based on principles of Five Phase Theory(五行學說). For the accomplishment, further researches on the approaches to apply basic Korean Medical principles such as Three Yin and Three Yang(三陰三陽) into Acupuncture Methods(鍼法) and Acupuncture Points(經穴) are necessary.