• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2015

To assess the noise stress of shrimp farms reasonably, we need a noise observation data underneath the waters first. But, it did not collect yet and airborne noise transfers to water noise wave using transition calculation. In case of construction of solar energy without noise stress protection wall, the threshold values (140 dB) from circumstance of underwater noise exceed within 17m at $S_2$ (15m away from source) and $S_3$ (15m away from source). Considering additional way to decrease the construction noise, all cases including minimum mode(Case A), general mode(Case B), and maximum mode(Case C) meet the guideline of underwater noise for fish farms. In case of the underwater noise could affect the fish farm, it is necessary to understand about farming species such as shrimp, monitoring of present states, and protection way under the construction.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1969

Ten experimental tuna long line fishing operations were performed with the long lines A and B, in combination casting orders of BA and AB. The long line B differs from A in its additional main line length per basket and its greater depth of submersion (Table 1). The BA casting order results in an AB hauling order, so that the long line B is casted at an earlier time of a day and fishes for a longer period than A line (fig. 2). The number of fish caught was divided into subclasses in order to be subjected to $x^2-tests$ (Table 2). The first series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated using the hooking rates of two subclasses with other factors pooled (Table 3). The second series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated to obtain the interactions between two subclasses when other factors differed (Table 4). Attention was paid to the extremely small interactions as well as to the large interactions in order to find out whether a factor functions in the same way or in a contradictory way when the other factors involved differ. The test result is summarized in Table 5. The relationship between the hook casting time (relative to the sunrise time) and the hooking rates reveals the feeding behavior of particular species (fig. 3) A high hooking rate for yellowfin tuna shown in the period from one hour before sunrise to the moment of sunrise suggests that they feed actively in that period. Their poor hooking rate on earlier casted hooks suggests that they do not feed well under conditions of darkness and that they feed best while the hooks are sinking. Furthermore it is likely that yellowfin tuna maintain a shallow depth in the daytime, for the $x^2$ interaction between the line casting order BA and AB shows their persistant preferance of the long line A regardless of line casting order. Bigeye tuna show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness, and show a preference for the sea's deeper layer. Alepisaurus borealis (Gill) show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness more significantly than the bigeye tuna and their preferance for deep layers is also more significant. Marlins (mainly Makaria mazara) show a feeding behavior which is similar to the yellowfin tuna. The author emphasizes that certain variations of the hooking rates in relation to the line easting time were caused by an inadequate fishing depth as well as by the fish preference for a particular feeding time. When the part of the line casted in pre-dawn hours and hauled in the pre-sunset hours show a significantly lower hooking rate than other parts of the line, then it is concluded that tile hooks settled in a sea layer too deep for feeding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.12-20
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate human thermal comfort by spatial structure and to explore solutions to improve the thermal environment of a small urban space. The study site was Korea University campus. Thermal conditions were measured to evaluate the quality of the thermal environment in each type of space within the study site. Micrometeorology measurements, analysis of space characteristics for using fish-eye lens photography, and thermal comfort modeling through the use of collected meteorological data, such as temperature and humidity, were performed. Results showed that the level of thermal comfort for humans differs depending on the types of space within the study site. Thermal comfort is better in open spaces than enclosed in the aspect of radiative mean temperature, Predicted Mean Vote(PMV), and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature(PET). This fact is probably due to shadows or buildings or trees that may block solar radiation. Thus, it is necessary to consider the spatial arrangements of buildings and trees to enhance openness and ventilation in the space. Paving materials and exterior building materials should also be selected to lower the radiant temperature. Given these results, a quantitative evaluation on human thermal comfort could propose a way to plan user comfortable small urban spaces. Study methods used and results provided in the study can promote a better way for urban space planning direction to improve environmental quality.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

To determine the predation rate of threadsail filefish, we conducted feeding experiment of threadsail filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer on different life stages (medusae, ephyrae, and polyps) of Aurelia aurita s.l. in the laboratory. All size groups of threadsail filefish actively preyed on moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita s.l. and predation rate was proportional to the wet weight of threadsail filefish. Average wet weight 0.5, 1, 2.2 g of threadsail filefish preyed on average $0.77{\pm}0.51g\;fish^{-1}h^{-1}$ of medusae. Average wet weight 150 and 344 g of threadsail filefish preyed on $9.26{\pm}1.61$ and $15.89{\pm}3.67g\;fish^{-1}h^{-1}$ of medusae respectively. In ephyrae and polyps, average wet weight 3.7 g of juvenile of threadsail filefish preyed on 100 ephyrae within 10 minutes and average wet weight 2.2 g of juvenile of threadsail filefish preyed on $5.73{\pm}0.59$ polyps $g^{-1}$ of fish $h^{-1}$. Whereas adults of threadsail filefish did not prey on polyps. In feeding preference experiments to elucidate whether threadsail filefish prey on moon jellyfish in the sea, adults of threadsail filefish preyed on mostly oysters (ca. 60%) and polychaetes (ca. 80%). Medusae were consumed only 2% of total. However, juvenile of threadsail filefish preyed on ephyrae and polyps as well as mysid shrimps. Besides, polyps were consistently consumed during the experiment. Although juvenile of threadsail filefish consumed all kinds of prey, they ceased feeding at temperatures below $11^{\circ}C$, which suggests that possibility of predation on ephyrae may be very low in the sea because ephyrae are released at low temperatures below $11^{\circ}C$ from March to April. Whereas polyps are inhabitable in all seasons in Korean coastal waters, juvenile of threadsail filefish may prey on polyps in the sea. These results suggest that removing moon jellyfish at polyp stage by using juvenile of threadsail filefish is the most effective way for extermination of moon jellyfish.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.511-531
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• 2015

The underlying impetus of the birth of animated film is attraction about a moving image. And the animation image occurs from the process of performative relationship between an animator and apparatus. Therefore, analysing the method how the moving image is constructed will be the focal starting point to deal with an animated film as a text. In this context, that conveys the theme in more sensuous way will be examined in a dimension of the material, technique and image-making method. KIM Jin-man's is a Stop Motion Animated Film with Noodlescreen about a journey of a fish that wishes to go outside of the water. KIM created original and friendly images out of plain thin noodle which is a common ingredient in Korea, and dealt with the ontological introspection based of the concept of Nondualism. Nondualism based on the interconnected and cyclical eastern philosophy which is different from the western dualistic theory points to the idea that the universe and all its multiplicity are ultimately expressions or appearances of one essential reality. This paper focuses on KIM's recent work and sees how Nondualism is applied throughout the animated film by analysing the performative method of mediums, technique, and structure. First of all, the form of Noodlescreen will be reviewed in Chapter Two. Pinscreen Animation which was invented by Alexander Alexeieff and Claire Parker will be also compared with Noodlescreen in the aesthetic viewpoint here. In Chapter Three, it will be analysed how the description of the image of binary opposition itself provides expanded sense and rich metaphor. Lastly, the format of Mise-en-abyme going constantly towards outer space will be dealt how it exposes the cinematic illusion and spatiality in Chapter Four. Throughout the whole chapters, it will reviewed how the concept of Nondualism relates the images of and deactivate the boundary of binary opposition in terms of both the story development and the visualization method. By this methodology, it will be confirmed that image of animated film not only explains the narrative but also activates the perception about the theme and provides integrated sensory experiences in the independent and expanded dimension.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2015

The target pattern is introduced for practicing a balanced dietary menu planning, but Korean soup and stew, cooked with several kinds of materials, have a problem with food group assignment in the target pattern. This study thus set out to calculate the representative nutritional values of Korean soup and stew based on intake(by 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, age group of 13~19) and preference(by select the 3 kinds of favorite soup and stew each). Total of 235 middle school students were participated by way of questionnaire, and data were analyzed. Representative energy value of vegetable soup and stew by intake were $65kca{\ell}$ and $116kca{\ell}$, respectively, which were very much different with the vegetable group representative energy value of $14kca{\ell}$ in target pattern. Representative energy value of meat fish egg legume soup and stew by intake were $149kca{\ell}$ and $211kca{\ell}$, respectively, which were very much different with the representative meat fish egg legume energy value of $94kca{\ell}$ in target pattern. As result, it is not proper to assign vegetable soup stew to vegetable food group and meat fish egg legume soup stew to meat fish egg legume food group. Representative energy values of soup and stew by preference were not much different except meat fish egg legume soup($149kca{\ell}$ by intake, $218kca{\ell}$ by preference). As conclusions, it maybe desirable to categorize soup and stew as independent food group. For more accurate energy adjustment in menu planning, devide soup and stew, and further divide to vegetable and meat fish egg legume groups may necessary.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2011

In quantitative studies of clinical signs, rock bream of adults and juveniles infected with Megalocytivirus IVS-1 isolated from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) in Korea showed average $4.49{\pm}1.13$ and $4.85{\pm}1.06$ of spleen index respectively. In challenge experiments, Megalocytivirus IVS-1 induced 100% cumulative mortality in both adult and juvenile rock bream. However we found 60% cumulative mortality in juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major) even after 30 days of injection, which contradicted with the results of other laboratories. Interestingly, IVS-1 infected red sea bream of the same juvenile size with rock bream showed lower spleen index compared to that of rock bream. In real-time PCR, there was continuous increasing of the numbers of viral copies ($2.03{\times}10^7$ copies/mg) in the spleen of juvenile rock bream infected, which were different from those in adult rock bream showing plateau level after reaching to the peak level. Moreover, enlarged cell numbers in the infected spleen were also increased continuously in the juvenile but not in adult of rock bream, even decreased after reaching to peak level. Consequently, significant differences in clinical signs: cumulative mortality. spleen index and viral copy number were found between rock bream and red sea bream, but not between adult and juvenile rock bream. Certainly quantitative expression of clinical sign as in this study may be a way to compare the progression of megalocitiviral disease more accurately in different species or physiological conditions.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2004

The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) of fish feed additives (Hanbangchun and Olyukchun) utilizing effective microorganisms and herb medicine on activity of liver function were examined in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Moreover, we investigated the characteristics of the additives. Total number of microorganisms (Lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Photosynthetic bacteria and Azotobactor) in the additives was 5.6${\times}$10$^{8}$ CFU/g in the Hanbangchun and 3.0${\times}$10$^{8}$ CFU/g in the Olyukchun. Levels of three typical pathological microorgamisms (Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus sp.) in moist pellets (MP) were significantly decreased by the additives in a concentration-dependent way. Hepatosomatic index of fish in the 0.3% group was significantly increased. Total serum protein was increased in all the groups containing additives, but the protein content in liver was higher in the control group. Higher activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase which are involved in physiological defense mechanisms were found in the dietary groups containing 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively. These results suggest that the additives, Hanbangchun and Olyukchun, can increase tolerance of olive flounder against stress and hypoxic conditions by increasing activities of body antioxidant enzymes.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2018

The Houttuynia cordata has been utilized for various beneficial purposes in humans mainly because of its potent antioxidant principle quercitrin present in this plant. This study examines the possibility of producing a functional sea food commodity containing active principle quercitrin by feeding H. cordata for a extended period. Spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) were fed a diet containing H. cordata at 0.1-1.0% levels for 1 month and tissue concentrations of quercitrin were analyzed in serum, hepatopancreas and muscle. It was observed that quercitrin was found in the ranking order of hepatopancreas>muscle>serum. After a bolus administration of quercitrin (20 mg/kg, oral) to spotted sea bass and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), idential rank order was observed after 48 hr. In contrast, the order was liver>serum>muscle in rat and mice, indicating that higher quercitrin distribution occurs to the muscle in fishes compared with in mammals tested. High residue concentration of qeurcitrin in the edible tissue can be an advantageous property in terms of functional food production. High level H. cordata extract inclusion of 1.0% seems to have detrimental effects in spotted sea bass leading to growth retardation and hepatic damage. It was concluded that incorporation of H. cordata extract into diet can be a way of producing healthy foods. However the level of active extract needs fine tuning to avoid toxicity to fishes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.583-591
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• 2015

The coastal stow net (stow net hereafter) in Korea is one of the major fishing methods for yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis), ribbon fish (Trichiurus lepturus), and anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). In terms of energy efficiency, the stow net fishery is more competitive than towing fishing gears such as trawl gears. The fishing vessels in stow net fishery have consumed less fossil fuel and also have had less carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. however, the stow net fishery is necessary to be regulated due to its increased output of the fleet. Therefore, it is required for fisheries authorities to manage the fishing capacity or fishing power for the assurance of fishery's sustainability. For fisheries management authorities, it is necessary to quantify data related to fishing capacity and fishing power to deploy fishery policy in a sustainable way. In terms of data for decision-making, Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was conducted to estimate fishing capacity. Fishing power index (FPI) was also applied to calculate relative fishing power to approach the problem in a quantitative way.