• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fish intakes

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h Study on Dietary Practices of Juvenile Delinquents in Korea (비행청소년과 일반청소년의 식생활 비교 연구)

  • 박선주;최혜미;모수미;박명윤
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.512-525
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    • 2003
  • The relationship between dietary practices and juvenile delinquency was studied using a dietary survey. Subjects were selected from juvenile delinquents who were under the supervision of the Seoul Probation Office of the Ministry of Justice. The study group consisted of 52 male and 52 female delinquents. As a control group, 104 exemplary high school students were selected in Seoul. A questionnaire was designed to find out the subjects' general characteristics, dietary habits, lifestyle, eating behavior, food frequency, and nutrient intake using the 24-hour recall method. Compared to the exemplary students, the juvenile delinquents were significantly different in education level, family status, monthly allowance, residence status, breast fed, parents' education level, parents' concern. In dietary habits, fifty-eight percent of the juvenile delinquents ate 2 or fewer meals per day, preferred to eat with friends, and liked hot tasting foods. The juvenile delinquents consumed more ion drinks (OR = 9.26 CI: 3.83 -22.37), rameon (OR = 7.67 CI: 3.21 - 18.33), cola (OR = 6.75 CI: 2.91 - 15.69), soft drinks (OR = 6.12 CI: 2.53- 14.81), steamed korean sausage (OR = 5.34 CI:2.31 - 12.32), hamburger (OR = 5.15 CI: 1.91 - 13.87), kimbab (OR = 3.63 CI: 1.76-7.46), ddokbokgi (OR = 3.17 CI: 1.58-6.38), candy (OR = 3.08 CI: 1.41-6.73), white rice (OR = 2.59 CI: 1.19-5.64), hotdog (OR = 2.52 CI: 1.31-4.86), and less rice mixed with grains (OR = 0.02 CI: 0.01-0.05), tangerine (OR = 0.06 CI: 0.02 - 0.20), milk (OR = 0.29 CI: 0.14 - 0.60), roasted fish (OR = 0.32 CI: 0.28-0.99, anchovy (OR = 0.35 CI: 0.17 - 0.72), seaweed (OR = 0.37 CI: 0.16 - 0.83), and tofu (OR = 0.48 CI: 0.23-0.99) than the exemplary students. With respect to the juvenile delinquents, the nutrient intakes lower than 75% of the Korean RDA were for riboflavin (75.0%) and calcium (47.9%) among the boys, and calcium (46.9%) and iron (60.4%) among the girls. To prevent juvenile delinquency, nutritional education and well-balanced school food service meals should be emphasized so as to improve the management of dietary practices. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 512∼525, 2003)

The Effects of Low-sodium Diet Education Program on Dietary Habits, Diet Quality and Obesity Index in Overweight and Obese Middle-aged Women (저나트륨 식생활 교육이 과체중 및 비만 중년여성의 식습관, 식사의 질 및 비만지표에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Soo Bin;Park, Seoyun;Ahn, Sohyun;Kim, Jin Nam;Kim, Hye-Kyeong
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.513-526
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low sodium diet education program on dietary habits, diet quality, and measures of obesity in overweight or obese middle-aged women. Methods: Subjects were 81 individuals aged 45 years or over, who completed an 8-week nutrition education. The subjects were divided into a normal group (N = 30) and an overweight-obese group (N = 51) according to the BMI. The effects were evaluated by anthropometric measurement, biochemical analysis, questionnaire, and diet records before and after the program. Results: Overweight-obese group showed significant decreases in weight (p < 0.0001), BMI (p < 0.0001), percent of body fat (p = 0.0087), waist circumference (p < 0.0001), systolic (p = 0.0003) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0261). Nutrients intakes were not different between the two groups and only sodium intake was decreased after education. Total score of general dietary habits, dietary behavior related to sodium intake, dietary diversity score (DDS), diet variety score (DVS), and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) were improved in both groups compared to the baseline. Overweight-obese group showed significant improvement in 'having fruits everyday', 'having fish everyday', 'trying to eat many kinds of food', 'eating less broth when eating soup, stew, and noodles', 'eating less kimchi and salt-fermented vegetable', and 'propensity to think that dishes should be pretty seasoned'. In addition, moderation of empty calories food (p = 0.0064) and macronutrient ratio (p = 0.0004) were improved in the overweigh-obese group, but in the normal group, the results did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These results suggested that low sodium diet education program may contribute to obesity management by improving diet quality and dietary habits in middle-aged women.

Sensory and Anti-oxidative Properties of the Spice Combinations as Salty Taste Substitute (짠맛 대체용 향신료조합물의 관능특성 및 항산화 특성)

  • Shin, Myung-Gon;Lee, Gyu-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.428-434
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    • 2010
  • The spice combinations for substitute of salty taste were developed for reducing sodium intakes in home cooking. The seventeen materials, which have been known as remedy effects for hypertension, were collected and blended based on descriptive sensory evaluation and principal component analysis. Four types of spice combinations such as nutty, umami and salty, hot and sour, and multi attribute were developed as substitutes of salty taste. The developed spice combinations were applied to mackerel meat instead of salt. Consumer acceptance of mackerel meat with spice combinations was analyzed using hedonic nine point scale by 54 panelists. As the sensory evaluation results, the consumer acceptance value of the spice combinations for substitute of salty taste with hot and sour attribute was the highest value as 6.4, whereas that of the salt was 3.1. Also, the fish and rancid flavor were the lower values in the salt free spice blends than those of salt. The spice combinations for substitute of salty taste 5% and NaCl 1%, as a control, were spread on mackerel meat and incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 0, 24, and 48 hours. The TBA values of the spice combinations for substitute of salty taste were shown as a half and/or one third values of salt. As the result, the spice combinations for substitute of salty taste with reducing undesirable flavor could be used in home cooking instead of salt.

Comparative Evaluation of Dietary Intake Status on Self-selected Diet in Korean Adults by Region Groups (성인의 일상적인 식사섭취상태의 지역별 비교평가)

  • Choe, Mi-Gyeong;Lee, Ju-Yeon;Lee, Won-Yeong;Park, Jeong-Deok
    • Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.309-319
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional menu value of self-selected diet in Korean adults residing in different regions. Subjects were recruited and divided into three groups according to the districts where they lived, which included rural district(n=137), coastal district(n=100), and urban district(n=117). Subjects were interviewed using a general questionnaire and 24-hour recall method for dietary intake. The average age of the subjects were 57.5 years for rural district, 57.0 years for coastal district, and 47.9 years for urban district. The contents of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and vitamin E in self-selected diet were 76.1%, 60.1%, 73.1%, 68.6%, and 80.4% of RDAs, respectively. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) for calcium and vitamin $B_2$ was below in 1 in region groups. The contents of calcium and vitamin E in self-selected diet of rural and coastal districts were significantly lower than those of urban district. The numbers of food items in diet of rural, coastal, and urban district were 14.6, 15.3, 15.1 for breakfast, 16.5, 11.8, 17.0 for lunch, 14.9, 12.1, 15.1 for dinner, respectively. However, there was no significance in total food intake by regions. The food intakes from cereals, mushrooms, vegetables of rural district, that from fishes of coastal district, and those from sugars, milks, oils of urban district were the highest among three districts. The numbers of dish items in diet of rural, coastal, and urban district were 4.1, 4.4, 4.1 for breakfast, 4.5, 3.7, 4.4 for lunch, 4.0, 3.8, 4.2 for dinner, respectively. Especially, the number of food and dish items in lunch menu of coastal district was the lowest among region groups. According to these results, it could be suggested to add milk and its products in lunch menu of rural and coastal districts and to supplement fish and shellfish like anchovy in diet of rural and urban districts. And it is recommended to increase food and dish items in diets of three region groups.

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Nutritional Adequacy Analysis of Recommended Menu in Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015 (식사구성안의 생애주기별 권장 식단의 영양 적정성 분석 -2015 한국인 영양소 섭취기준-)

  • Kim, Youngnam
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.279-288
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: Recommended Menu (RM) prepared according to the Target Pattern expected to meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) of nutrients. Nutritional adequacy of RM in 'DRI for Koreans 2015' were analyzed to verify whether such expectation was fulfilled. Methods: Dishes in RM are categorized by 5 food groups, and number and types of dishes for main meal and between-meals were analyzed. The energy and 12 nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C) contents in 10 RMs were calculated using the food composition table (CD) in 'DRI for Koreans'. Energy, energy contribution ratio, and nutrient contents in 10 RMs for 18 age groups were evaluated based on the 'DRI for Koreans 2015'. Results: Number of dishes per meal were 4.83, and representative table setting consisted of cooked rice + soup (or stew) +3 side dishes. Energy contents of RM were 75~109% of estimated energy requirement (EER). None of the RM met the DRI of all 12 nutrients examined. Calcium was the most insufficient nutrient. Only 1-2 years' RM met the DRI, all the other RMs did not meet the calcium DRI. Dietary fiber and potassium contents were also insufficient in most RM. In adult male's RM, only 1 nutrient, i.e. calcium did not meet the DRI, but in female adult's RM, 5~6 nutrients did not meet the DRI. Energy contribution ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat in RM were 59.0~70.4%, 15.7~17.5%, 12.1~23.5%, respectively. And 4 RMs out of 10 exceeded the upper limit of acceptable macro-nutrient distribution range (AMDR) of carbohydrate and 3 RMs out of 10 RM were below the lower limit of fat AMDR. Contribution ratio of nutrients were ${\geq}40%$ by food groups were as follows: grain group in energy and carbohydrate; meat fish egg legume group in fat, protein, and niacin; vegetables group in dietary fiber, vitamin A, and vitamin C; milk dairy products group in calcium. Conclusions: RM prepared according to the Target Pattern did not meet nutritional adequacy as expected. Especially calcium, potassium, and dietary fiber contents are needed to be increased in many RMs. Further, energy content in RM needs to be adjusted for fat sugar food group assigned in Target Pattern and condiment.

The Characteristics of Dietary Habits of Obese, Overweight or Normal Subjects in Seoul (서울지역 중년에 있어서 정상체중군과 과체중군의 식생활 특성 비교)

  • 이미숙
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.161-172
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    • 2004
  • The dietary habits of middle-aged obese, overweight and normal subjects were evaluated for the purpose of providing the background information of the degenerative disease control. A survey was conducted with 293 subjects (121 males and 172 females) between the ages 40-64 and they were divided into three groups of normal (BMI 18.5-22.9), overweight (BMI 23-24.9) and obese ($BMI\geq25$) based on the criteria of Korean Obesity Association (2000). The mean age of the subjects was $52.0\pm7.3(male)\;and\;51.9\pm6.9$ (female). Socioeconomic levels of subjects belong to the mid-upper class, since 71.9% of the males and 39.5% of the females received above a college education. More than 40% (44.6%) of males and 22.1% of females were obese, and educational background did not affect the obesity rate in males, whereas in females those who received lower education had a higher rate of obesity (p < 0.001). The subjects had a similar degree of drinking to the national average value. but had a lower degree of smoking. The obese group had the higher rate of drinking (p < 0.01) and smoking (p < 0.01). The annual increase in weight, more than 4 kg, was 8.8% for normal group and 30.9% for obese group. However, there were no differences in the mean annual increase in weight among the three groups. In females there were greater tendencies of weight changes in obese group (p < 0.05). About 44.9% of subjects responded that they were exercising regularly, and the obese group appeared to put into practice less than the other groups and to use more strenuous exercise. There was the greater rate of skipping dinner in the obese female group (p < 0.05). The unbalanced dietary pattern was found more with normal group than the other groups (p < 0.01). The food consumption frequency by food groups was not different among the groups. The obese group consumed less frequently meats, vegetables and fruits and had higher frequency in fish, legumes and their products, instant or fast food. In all subjects the higher rate of obesity was found with males than females and with those of heavier smoking and drinking, and in females the higher rate of obesity was found with lower education levels, skipping meals and having an unbalanced diet. In middle-aged subjects of this study with higher educational and socioeconomic background factors contributing to the effects of obesity may include smoking, drinking, educational background, skipping meals or unbalanced dietary pattern. The predictable characteristics for the development of obesity can be defined as sudden fluctuation of weights, exercise regularity and intakes of vegetables and fruits.

Changes in nutritional status of Korean older adults during COVID-19 Pandemic by household income and demographic factors -using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2019-2020): a cross-sectional study (가구소득 및 인구학적 특성에 따른 코로나19 유행 전·후 한국 노인의 영양소 섭취변화에 대한 단면연구: 국민건강영양조사 제8기(2019-2020) 자료를 활용하여)

  • You-Sin Lee;Yoonna Lee
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.302-316
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics. Methods: Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type. Results: Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019. Conclusions: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

Clinical Study on Prenatal care, and Dietary Intakes for Pregnant Women and new Mothers (임산부의 산전관리와 산욕기 영양실태에 관한 연구)

  • Chia, Soon-Hyang;Park, Chai-Soon
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.36-46
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    • 1976
  • This study was projected to provide basic data on prenatal care for future direction in maternity and child care, and also to investigate the diet of women during pregnancy and the period directly afterwards in order to offer to mothers appropriate advice for the improvement of nutritional standards. A clinical study on prenatal care was based on 1054 delivery cases. A nutritional survey was performed on 174 mothers admitted to the department of obstetrics at St. Mary's Hospital during the period of March, 1975 to February, 1976. The results obtained are summarized as follows; I. Clinical study on prenatal care 1) The age distribution showed 59.4% of the mothers were between the ages of 25 to 29 years old. 2) The gestational period was highest between the 37th and 40th gestational weeks. 33.7% of the mothers were primigravidae and 31.8% of them primiparae. 3) 41.3% of the mothers had not received prenatal care or had only received it once before. 4) Induced deliveries were 61.8% and spontantaneous deliveries 38.2%. 61.9% of the mothers had received prenatal care, while those without prenatal care accounted for 61.6% of the total induced deliveries. 5) Low birth weights were 7.7% and 5.0% of the mothers had received prenatal care, while 11.5% had no prenatal care. 6) There were 1.13% of still births, 0.32% of the mothers had prenatal care and the remainder did not have prenatal care. 7) Of those receiving prenatal care, 2.1% showed in the $0{\sim}3$ Apgar score group, 6.3% in the $4{\sim}6$ Apgar score group, and 91.6% in the $7{\sim}10$ Apgar score group. Among the non-prenatally cared for group 5.0% of the newborns were in the $0{\sim}3$ Apgar score group, 9.7% were in $4{\sim}6$ Apgar score group and 85.3% were in the $7{\sim}10$ Apgar score group. 8) Obstetrical complications were developed in 11.86% of the pregnant women when they were hospitalized. Among the group receiving the prenatal care 8.1% of the mothers had obstetrical complications. In the group without prenatal care 17.16% of the mothers had obstetrical complications. The most common obstetrical complication was malpresentation. 9) The first prenatal care was received between the 37th and 40th gestationl weeks. II. Food intake during pregnancy The following are the results from the questionnaires of the mothers concerning diets during pregnancy; 1) Main meals and snacks In 32.2% of the cases, their main meals during the diet amounted to more than was usually eaten at other times. In 67.8% of the cases, their main meals during the diet were the same as that usually eaten. In 22.4% of the cases, snacks during the diet amounted to more than usually eaten at other times. In 77.6% of the cases, snacks during the diet were the same as usually eaten. 2) Itemized list The mothers made a special effort to include certain items in their diets, the following is a breakdown of those items; a. egg, meat, fish 33.3% b. fruit, vegetables 32.2%. c. milk, fruit juice 18.4% d. cake, bread 2.9% e. nothing special 13.2% 3) Milk 44.8% of the mothers had at least one cup of milk everyday. 33.4% of the mothers had at least one cup of milk on occasion. 15.5% of the mothers did not have any milk. 4) Vitamins 39.7% of the mothers had vitamins everyday. 24.7% of the mothers had vitamins occasionally. 35.6% of the mothers did not have any vitamins. 5) Anemic symptoms 9.2% of the mothers very often had anemic symptoms during pregnancy. 39.1% of the mothers often had anemic symptoms during pregnancy. 51.7% of the mothers did not have anemic symptoms at all. 6) Taboos on food 23% of the mothers recognized 'taboos' on food during pregnancy 27% of the mothers displayed on uncertainty about the 'taboos' on food during pregnancy 50% of the mothers displayed indifference toward the taboos. III. Nutritional survey on the new mothers diet. 1) The diets for new mothers can be divided into four categories, such as general diet, low sodium diet, soft diet and liquid diet. 2) Cooked rice and seaweed soup were the main foods for the new mothers as has been the traditional diet for Korean mothers. 3) The average diet contained 1,783g. And the average consumption of the basic food groups per capita per day was 1,265g for cereals and grains, 456g for meats and legumes, 58g for fruits and vegetables, 0g for milk and fish and 4g for fats and oils. 4) In addition to the 1,783g of food in the main diet there was also 142.8g of food taken as snacks. 5) The average daily consumption of calories and nutrients was 2,697 Kcal and 123.4g for proteins, 44.9g for fats, 718.2mg for calcium, 14mg for iron, 2,101.4 I.U. for vitamin A, 0.43mg for thiamine, 1.02mg for riboflavin, 15.88mg for niacin, 5.26mg for ascorbic acid. When these figures are compared with the recommended allowances for new mothers in Korea, the calories and nutrients taken in were satisfactory. But the intake of minerals and vitamins was below the recommended allowance.

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Investigation on Daily Life and Consciousness of Longevous People in Korea -III. On the Dietary Life and Its Habit of Longevous People in the Past- (우리나라 장수자(長壽者)의 생활(生活) 및 의식조사(意識調査)에 관한 연구(硏究) -III. 장수자(長壽者)의 과거(過去) 식생활(食生活) 특성(特性)-)

  • Choi, Jin-Ho;Pyeun, Jae-Hyeung;Rhim, Chae-Hwan;Yang, Jong-Soon;Kim, Soo-Hyun;Kim, Jeung-Han;Lee, Byeong-Ho;Woo, Soon-Im;Choe, Sun-Nam;Byun, Dae-Seok;Kim, Mu-Nam
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.56-63
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    • 1986
  • This study was designed to be link in the chain of the investigation on daily life and consciousness of longevous people in Korea, and to investigated the dietary life and its habit of longevous people in the past. The dietary life ana its habit were surveyed on 379 subjects (male 121, female 258) of the aged who were above 80 years of age, from June to November in 1985. 1. Of the taste on staple food of longevous peoples in the past(between 40 and 60 years), 'meal mixed with barley' had the highest figure of 49.9%, followed by 'boiled rice'(47.0%). But it is showed that male preferred 'meal mixed with barley'(56.2%) to 'boiled rice'(41.3%). whereas female slightly preferred 'boiled rice'(49.6%) to 'meal mixed with barley'(46.9%). 2. Of the experience of the food taste of these aged in the past, 'not salted' and 'light' had the highest figures of all 40.6%. It is showed that longevous peoples preferred 'not salted'(40.6%) and 'light'(40.6%) to 'salty'(24.5%) and 'oily'(9.8% ), respectively. 3. By comparison of the intake state of animal protein(meat and fish) of these aged in the past, 'occasionally' was the highest of 55.4%, and decreased in the order of 'almost daily'(31.9%) and 'scarcely'(12.7%). Therefore, it is believed that 87.5% of longevous peoples has taken animal protein 'occasionally' and 'almost daily'. 4. The intakes of major foods above $4{\sim}6$ times a week of these aged in the past and present showed 50.4% and 67.5% for meat, fish, egg and soybean products, 26.6% and 51.5% for milk and its products, 89.9% and 81.0% for vegetables, 58.9% and 64.0% for oiled food, and 57.0% ana 62.934 for seaweeds, respectively.

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Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Fishes in Korea -As, Cd, Cu. Pb, Mn, Zn, Total Hg - (유통 중인 어류의 중금속 모니터링 - 비소, 카드뮴, 구리, 납, 망간, 아연, 총수은 -)

  • Kim, Hee-Yun;Kim, Seo-Young;Lee, Jin-Ha;Jang, Young-Mi;Lee, Myoung-Sook;Park, Jong-Seok;Lee, Kwang-Ho;Kim, Jin-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.353-359
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    • 2007
  • This survey was carried out to estimate the heavy metal contents of fishes (531 ocean fishes and 80 freshwater fishes) sold in and around Korea from April to October in 2006 . The contents of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) were estimated by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and a mercury analyzer. The concentrations [mean (minimum-maximum) mg/kg] of heavy metals in the ocean fishes were as follows: As=2.523 (0.140-65.543), Cd=0.017 (0.000-0.108), Cu=0.569 (0.040-5.634), Pb=0.023 (0.000-0.323), Hg=0.068 (0.002-0.754), Mn=0.395 (0.016-4.651) and Zn=6.086 (0.529-34.729). The concentrations of heavy metals in the freshwater fishes were: As=0.370 (0.024-2.231), Cd=0.01l (ND-0.086), Cu=0.628 (0.003-1.962), Pb=0.026 (ND-0.423), Hg=0.058 (0.006-0.349), Mn=1.150 (0.069-7.230) and Zn=9.980 (3.463-82.737). The weekly intakes of Cd, Hg and Pb from fish were 0.9, 1.6 and 0.9%, respectively, as compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWl) established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee for food safety evaluation.