• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 1995

Exercise physiology of fish was studied by means of Electro-cardio-gram(ECG) technique with wired electrode system. Effects of swimming activity on the heart rate change for carp Cyprinus carpio was observed and analysed under swimming speeds among 1~3 Body Length/s and swimming durations of 10 and 60 minutes in the flume tank. The heart rate increase during swimming activity was observed in higher speed and longer duration conditions. The exercise effect on the heart rate continued even after fish stopped swimming. The time for recovery after exercise was tended to be elongated with the higher exercise condition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.967-975
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• 1995

To investigate effects of dietary fish oil and vitamin E level on the tissue levels of vitamin E and vitamin A and to see which tissue is sensitive to lipid peroxidizability, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed experimental diets composed of either menhaden oil or soybean oil nad either low(equivalent to 17 mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) or high (equivalent to 140mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) vitamin E level for 4 weeks. Palsma TBARS per mg lipid was significantly elevated in rats fed fish oil with low vitamin E level compared to soybean oil-fed rats. TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsomes were also increased by feeding fish oil with low vitamin E level. Plasma TBARS level was significantly correlated with TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsome. Plasma vitamin E level of groups with vitamin E supplementation was elevated significantly as compared to the those without vitamin E supplementation, whereas vitamin E levels of liver, heart and kidney were not changed significantly. Plasma TBARS was negatively correlated with plasma vitamin E(r=0.5763, P<0.001) and A(r=-0.4523, P<0.01) and seems to be a good indicator of in vivo lipid peroxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2009

Ring chromosome occurs when both telomeres of a chromosome are lost and the remaining portion of the chromosome circularizes to re-establish chromosome stability. This abnormal structure shows mitotic instability unlike the normal chromosomes, causing problems during mitosis. Here, we report one case of "chromosome 4 ring syndrome" on a 6-month-old male patient with growth retardation. Ring chromosome, monosomy, dicentric chromosome were shown by conventional chromosome analysis using peripheral blood. Peripheral blood was used and incubated for 72 hours for chromosome analysis. 3 probes (LSI WHS SpectrumOrange/CEP 4 SpectrumGreen, 4p subtelomere probe, 4q subtelomere probe) were used to detect the origin and breakpoint of ring chromosome 4 by FISH (fluorescense in situ hybridization) technique.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2009

We conducted bacteriological and histopathological analysis for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus after experimental infection with Streptococcus parauberis (FP2284) isolated from diseased olive flounder under different stress conditions. Experimental challenge was performed in healthy flounder (40.4 g in average body weight) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with $2{\times}10^{8}$ CFU/fish under normal (no stress) or netting (for 2 min, twice/day) stress condition. The cumulative mortalities of no-stress and netting stress group were 70% and 95%, respectively. The most prevalent changes observed in experimentally infected flounder were darkness of skin and inflammation of the heart. Severe pericarditis, myocarditis and fibrosis were observed in the heart of the affected flounder. The results of viable counts showed the number of bacteria of the heart tissue was maintained over the $10^{4}$ CFU $g^{-1}$ heart for 3 weeks after inoculation. Histological lesions of the heart was more extensive and gradual decrease in bacterial numbers of heart tissue was delayed under stress condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate visual threshold of nigro (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) on white LED light. The visual threshold was obtained by analyzing electrocardiogram (ECG) of the nigro. 5 individuals (body weight: 15.62~45.49 g; TL: 8.9~12.4 cm) were trained for lights by an electric stimulus. And then the heart rate (beats/10s) before and after switching on the light were compared. Light intensity range was from 0.00 to 226.4 lux. Average heart rate was 10.36 beats/10s in the normal condition. When the fish perceived the light, the heart rate was decreased. Visual threshold of the fish was 2.59 lux.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1984

The effect of copper ion on the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns in the heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and ovary of catfish, Parasilurus asotus, was studied by cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis. 1. The LDH-1 and LDH-2 of heart type appeared in the heart muscle of control fish. When the fish were exposed to copper ion, however, the LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, and LDH-4 appeared. The amount of LDH-1 was decreased and those of LDH-2, LDH-3, and LDH-4 were increased. 2. There was one band of LDH-4 in the liver of normal fish. But the amount of LDH-4 was decreased and additional new LDH-5 appeared by exposure to copper ion. 3. There were LDH-1, LDH-2, and LDH-4 in the kidney tissue of both control and experimental groups. The LDH-1 was increased, whereas LDH-2 and LDH-4 were decreased after exposure to copper ion. 4. There was broad band of LDH-5 in the skeletal muscle of the control fish. However, the LDH-4 and LDH-5 with M sub-band appeared by the exposure to copper ion. 5. There was LDH-3 band only in the ovary of control, wheras all five LDH isozymes appeared in the ovary of the fish exposed to copper iion. 6. During the period of exposure to copper ion, the LDH isozyme of heart type which associated with aerobic metabolism was decreased, but the LDH isozyme of muscle type of anaerobic metabolism was increased in most of heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. It seems that these organs are related to some of important functions for anaerobic metabolism during the copper poisoning period.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.628-636
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• 2020

Streptococcosis in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus can be caused by Streptococcus parauberis. We compared three routes of administration for experimental injections of the S. parauberis 19FBSPa0003 strain in the olive flounder. Pathological changes were observed during the experimental infection. Inflammation of the serous membrane in the liver, intestine, spleen and heart was the major pathological change found in the infected olive flounder. No mortality was observed in fish that received intraperitoneal (IP) injection at less than 1×10⁴ colony-forming unit (CFU)/fish. The lethal dose 50 for olive flounder, given an intravenous (IV) injection, was 7.94×10⁴ CFU/fish. Fish with a higher concentration of IV injected S. parauberis (1×10⁸ CFU/fish) died within a maximum of two days. However, serious necrosis and bacterial proliferation in ellipsoidal cells of the spleen and heart tissues were found in moribund or dead fish, 1-2 days after IV injection. Similar histopathological signs were observed in olive flounder inoculated by subcutaneous (SC) infected and naturally infected. In addition, SC was also strongly associated with bacteria concentration and cumulative mortality rate. Based on these results, SC is the recommended method for artificial infection by S. parauberis in the olive flounder.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2009

Fish oil and shortening have been suggested to have opposite effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the effect of shortening and fish oil on CVD risk factors and aorta histopathology, and the association between risk factors and aorta histopathology. Male Wister rats (n=30) were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 20% fat in the form of fish oil, shortening, or soybean oil for 4 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TG), and C-reactive protein levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil than in soybean oil and shortening groups. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly different (P<0.001) between groups. In addition, LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.001) lower in the fish oil and shortening groups than in the soybean oil group. Insulin and glucose concentrations did not differ among groups. Effect of dietary fat on tissue fatty acid composition significantly differed in abdominal fat and brain compared with RBC, heart, kidney and liver. The aortic wall was significantly (P=0.02) thinner in the fish oil group than in the soybean oil and shortening groups. The aortic wall thickness was positively correlated with TG and TC, but negatively with EPA + DHA levels of all tissues. These results suggested that fish oil had protective effects on aorta histopathology by hypolipidemic action in this rat model.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 1983

In order to establish tissue lipid status in animal on feeding of various dietary fat and oils, each group of rats was fed a semisynthetic diet containing 10%(w/w) mackerel oil (MO), eel oil (EO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO) or beef tallow (BT) for 1, 2 and 4 weeks, After each feeding period, levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid were measured in serum. Fatty acid ${\leftarrow}$ composition was also investigated in serum and tissue lipids. Levels of total serum cholesterol were lower but HDL-cholesterol were higher in fish oil groups, which resulted in significantly higher ratio of HDL to total cholesterol in the fish oil groups. Fish oil groups, in general, also had lower levels of serum triglyceride and phospholipid than other groups, but S0 group maintained as low phospholipid levrl as fish oil groups. Fatty acid composition of dietary fat was reflected in all the tissues investigated but with varying degrees. Very long chain fatty acids, specific components exclusively found in fish oils were most well reflected in liver and relatively well in serum, whereas linoleic acid and erucic acid of SO and RO in the diet were better shown up in heart and adipose tissue. It attracted a particular attention that major proportions of long chain monoenoic acids $(C_{22:1})$ occurring both in MO and RO were detected separately in liver and heart plus adipose tissue, the result of which strongly indicates that there is a significant difference in metabolism between isomers $(C_{22:1}\;w\;11\;and\;C_{22:1}\;w\;9,\;respectively)$. It is suggested from this study that differences in lipid status as well as in the levels of serum lipids result from uniqueness in metabolism of each different fatty acid and give rise to distinguishable change in serum lipoprotein pattern, followed by diet with different fat sources.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2010

We have come to a conclusion below after studying about the cause of limb hyperhidrosis through references, putting the result into practice clinically from Hyungsang remedy point of view, examining the effect of treatment. The cause of limb, palm and sole hyperhidrosis. The cause of limb hyperhidrosis is stomach heat(Yangmyung heat), weakness and coldness of stomach, moisture and heat of spleen and stomach, energy insufficiency of spleen and stomach, weakness of Yin of spleen and stomach, heat by weakness Yin meridian, unspread energy of liver, severe heat of heart, weakness of heart, shortage of blood, the functional disorder of kidney meridian and heart meridian(disposition of water ascension and fire descent), heat of blood(the functional disorder of heart) etc. The cause of palm hyperhidrosis is blood insufficiency of heart and liver or the functional disease of heart and stomach. The cause of sole hyperhidrosis is the functional disease of heart and kidney or the functional disease of kidney. Types classified by the cause of limb hyperhidrosis. The case of stomach heat, moisture and heat of spleen and stomach is found a lot in Yangmyeong and Fish Type. The case of weakness and coldness of stomach or insufficiency energy of spleen and stomach is found in Bangkwang and Ki Type, the shape of disorder of transfer and transformation of spleen and stomach. The case of severe heat of heart, the functional disorder of kidney meridian and heart meridian(disposition of water ascension and fire descent), heat of blood(the functional disorder of heart), heat by weakness of meridian of Yin is found a lot in Dam, Bird and Shin Type. Limb sweat caused by unspread energy of liver is found a lot in Horse Type. Palm sweat is found a lot in Bird or Yangmyeong Type. Sole sweat is found a lot in Fish or Taeum Type. Jeokbokryung-tang was good especially for type limb hyperhidrosis falling under the shape of the small intestines heat which conforms to the person having a short perpendicular furrow of the upper lip or lifted upper lip. Palmul-tang was good for type limb hyperhidrosis tending to having leaking liquid and humor because of the disorder of transfer of Jung, Ki, Shin, Hyul. Dossipyungwi-san and Hyangsapyungwi-san were good for type limb hyperhidrosis caused by stomach heat by food accumulation and Ki depression.