• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical features and natural history of dietary protein induced proctocolitis (DPIPC) and to detect the causative foods of DPIPC, and to evaluate the effect of elimination of the foods on the course of the disease. Methods: Between March 2003 and July 2004, data from 30 consecutive patients with DPIPC who were followed for over 6 months, was reviewed. The diagnostic criterion used for DPIPC was an increase in the number of eosinophils in the lamina propria (${\geq}60per$ 10 high-power fields). In breast feeding mothers, 5 highly allergenic foods were eliminated from the maternal diet for 7 days, namely, allergenic food groups such as dairy products, eggs, nuts and soybean, fish and shellfish, and wheat and buckwheat. We observed the disappearance or appearance of hematochezia after elimination or challenge with the offending foods. Results: Before diagnosis infants were breast-fed (93.3%) or formula-fed (6.7%). Mean age at symptom onset was $11.5{\pm}5.1$ (5~24) weeks, and mean age at diagnosis was $17.8{\pm}9.5$ (8~56) weeks. Duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was $6.3{\pm}6.7$ (0~36) weeks. Mean peripheral blood eosinophil count was $478{\pm}320$ (40~1,790)/$mm^3$ and eosinophilia (> $250/mm^3$) was observedin 90.0% of patients. None of patients were found to have an increased serum IgE level. Of 15 patients that received sigmoidoscopy, nodular hyperplasia with erosion was observed in 93.3%. Of 27 patients whose mother ate the diet eliminated the 5 food groups, hematochezia diappeared in 74.1% of patients. Offending foods were identified as dairy products (37.5%), wheat and buckwheat (27.5%), fish and shellfish (20.0%), nuts and soybean (7.5%) and eggs (7.5%). A free maternal diet without patient's clinical symptoms was achieved at $29.4{\pm}8.7$ (9~44) weeks of patient's age, and a free baby diet without blood in stools was achieved at $37.5{\pm}9.7$ (12~56) weeks of age. Conclusion: DPIPC commonly occurs in exclusively breast-fed babies. Elimination of the above-mentioned 5 hyper-allergenic food groups from the maternal diet for 7days enables the detection of the offending foods. DPIPC is a transient disorder and 96.0% of patients can tolerate the offending foods at 12 months of age.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1990

Morphological development from egg to juvenile stages of the trident goby, Tridentigertrigonocephalu5 were observed in the laboratory at Pusan, Korea. The ripe eggs were spherical in shape, measuring 0.49-0.62 mm in diameter. The eggs became ellipsoid shape after the insemination and measured about 1.40-1.58 mm on the long axis. Hatching began about 158 hours after insemination at water temperature of $20.5-24^{\circ}C$. The newly hatched larvae were 2.88-3.14 mm in total length(TL), with 27-28(10+ 17-18) myomeres. Many melanophore and guanophores are distributed on eye cups, gas bladder, optic vesicle, intestine and the caudal region. Three days after hatching the yolk and oil-globule was completely absorbed and the larvae attained a total length 3.26-3.62 mm. The larvae swam actively in the aquarium and fed on the rotifer. Ten days after hatching, the larvae averaged 5.20 mm in TL and the caudal notochord flexed at $45^{\circ}$. Twenty days after hatching, the larvae averaged 7.47 mm in TL and rudimental anal, second dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins were formed. The larvae attained 12.05-12.65 mm in TL thirty five days after hatching and are found to transit the bottom-life, and first dorsal and ventral fins are completely formed. The larvae reached the juvenile stage at 45-50 days after hatching and attained 15.85-16.95 mm in TL, and all scales appeared on the body.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the spawning behavior and early life histroy of elegant blenny, Omobranchus elegans reared in the laboratory. The elegant blenny were caught at Dolsan lsland, Yeosu-si, Jeollanamdo from June in 2012. As a result of observeation, male fish attracted female continuously and guide lead to spawning site and clean the surface of inner pant in oyster shell or barnacle shell. Female left after spawning and male protected their eggs until they had hatched out. The fertilized eggs were spherical in shape (mean diameter: 1.06 mm; mean oil globule diameter: 0.24 mm) and transparent. Larvae hatched at 203 hrs 40 mins after fertilization at $25.5{\sim}28.5^{\circ}C$ (mean $27.0^{\circ}C$). The newly hatched larvae were 3.04~3.09mm(mean 3.06 mm, n=10) in total length and their mouth and anus were already opened. They began to eat rotifer and transformed to postarvae stage. 10 days after hatching postlarvae was measured 6.39~6.45mm(mean 6.42 mm, n=10) in total length. 60 days after hatching juvenile was measured 21.5~22.2 mm (mean 21.8 mm, n=10) in total length with dosal fin rays XI-22; ventral fin rays I-2; anal fin rays II-23; caudal fin rays 21; pectoral fin rays 13.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.166-181
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• 2020

The egg development, early life history and spawning site characters of Korean endemic fish, Coreoleuciscus splendidus (Gobioninae), were investigated at the part of Jo-jong stream in Korea from May 2020. The fertilized eggs were 2.05~2.23 mm (mean, 2.13 mm) in diameter and had no oil globules. The embryo began to hatching about 98 hrs after fertilization under water temperature of 20±1℃. The newly-hatched larvae were 5.03~5.68 mm (mean, 5.31 mm) in total length (TL), and their mouth and anus were not opened. 4 days after hatching, Several rod-like cupulae were observed on the head and lateral side of the body at 6.95~7.89 mm (mean, 7.51 mm). 7 days after hatching, the post-larva stage were 8.39~9.29 mm (mean, 8.78 mm) in total length, and their york were completely absorbed. The cupulae were completely distinguished. They entered the juvenile stage when all fin-rays were formed at 29 days after hatching, and their TL were 14.16~17.04 mm (mean, 14.99 mm). Squamation was initiated on the caudal body at approximately 18.21~23.74 mm (mean, 30.28 mm), 38 days after hatching, and completed at 26.82~33.33 mm (mean, 19.42 mm), 73 days after hatching, the external characteristics from of juveniles were same to adults. The spawning site was characterized by bottom structure of pebble (64~16 mm) and gravel (16~2 mm), environmental conditions of the spawning sites were 6~18 cm in water depth, 0.43~0.73 m/sec in bottom water velocity. In spawning sites, an egg mass or separated eggs were located a small gap of under the pebble and gravel.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2001

Matured adults of Siniperca scherzeri were collected from Soyangdam and Hongchun river, Gangwon-do, Korea. The fertilized eggs were hatched and reared in the laboratory of the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute. Osteological development of the larvae and juveniles of Siniperca scherzeri were investigated. Three days after hatching, the larva (6.12 mm in total length: TL) had partly ossified parasphenoid, clavicle, hyomandibular, preopercle, opercle and jaw bones with 7 to 8 canine teeth. The ascending process of premaxillary and ca 19 and 23 teeth on the premaxillary and dentary, respectively, were ossified at 10 days after hatching. Also at 10 days, the vertebral columns of the larvae (6.85 mm in TL) were posterioly ossified to the 5~7th vertebra, and ossification was completed in the juvenile (10.99 mm in TL) on the 22 nd day. Thus ossification began 3 days after hatching, and was completed 22 days after hatching.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.952-962
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• 2005

To explore the relationship between economic status and food and nutrient intake patterns, the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey result was analyzed. Dietary intake data of 6,978 Korean adults of 20 years and older who participated in the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used along with their demographic data. Economic status of the subjects was classified into the following 4 groups based on the self-reported average monthly income of household with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE) in 2001 : low < $100\%$ MLE $\leq$ middle < $200\%$ MLE $\leq$ high < $300\%$ MLE $\leq$ higher, Individuals in the higher income class had significantly higher mean intake for most of the nutrients including energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C, and a higher percentage of energy intake from fat. In addition, they consumed more animal foods including meats, eggs, fish/shellfish, milk/dairy products and fats. On the other hand, the mean intakes of individuals in the lower economic class for calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than $75\%$ of RDAs. And, there was a predominant difference in contribution of fat to total energy intake among the groups of different economic status. These results showed that household income is an important factor influencing the food and nutrient intake patterns of the Korean adult population. Although individuals at different age classes may respond differently to a change in economic status, developing and implementing nutrition policy and intervention programs for those nutritionally vulnerable groups should consider the economic status as an important factor to customize and differentiate the content of the Program. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $952\∼962$, 2005)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 1990

The employees at the Pohang industrial area, where Clonarchis sinensis has been known to be endemic along the Hyungsan River, were examined parasitologically for clonorchiasis and a part of the infected cases were surveyed with a questionaire to outline the recent infection status of C. sinensis and epidemiological parameters in the area. Total of 3, 180 cases were tested by intra- dermal inoculation of C. sinensis antigen (Green Cross Co., Korea), and 834(26.2%) were found positive. Out of the positive cases, 598 were subjected to (ecal examination for helminth ova. The examination revealed 129(21.6%) ova Positive cases of C. sinensis, and Trichuris trichiura 1.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 0.3%, and Metagonimus yokogawai 0.2%. The questionaire analysis showed some significant difFerences between the infected and non-infected(control) groups. The infected cases were less educated than the control, and they lived at the closer area to the river, and most of them lived there over 20 years. Also they preferred eating raw fresh water fish. Most of the detected cases were treated with prasiquantel and found negative for the eggs in 85.3% of them 1 year after the treatment. The present data reveal markedly decreased endemicity of clonorchiasis compared with previous prevalence rates but still clonorchiasis is endemic in the Hyungsan river basin. A comprehensive measure including case detection, treatment and education for parasite control should be applied to control clonorchiasis in such endemic areas.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to examine dietary habits, life stress, and nutrition knowledge among high school students in Gyeonggi area. Methods: A total of 431 high school students (210 males, 221 females) in Gyeonggi area participated in this study from November to December of 2011. The study was a questionnaire-based survey that included dietary habits, dietary attitudes, life stress, and nutrition knowledge. Results: Body weight, height, and body mass index were all higher in male students than in female students (P < 0.001, respectively). For dietary habits, the average score (P < 0.01) and scores for considering combination of food groups (P < 0.05), eating green and orange vegetables (P < 0.05), eating meat, fish, eggs, or beans everyday (P < 0.05), drinking milk (P < 0.001), and eating seaweed (P < 0.01) were higher in male students than in female students. For dietary attitudes, the average score (P < 0.05) and scores for the five items were significantly different between male and female students. Male students showed a significantly lower nutrition knowledge score than female students (P < 0.05). Life stress score of students largely was attributable to academic factors, and female students showed higher stress score for academic, personal, and surrounding environmental (P < 0.05, respectively) factors than male students. Dietary habit score (P < 0.01) and nutrition knowledge score (P < 0.05) in female students as well as dietary attitude score (P < 0.05) in male students were negatively correlated with life stress score. Dietary habit scores in male and female students were positively correlated with dietary attitude score (P < 0.01, respectively). Need for nutrition education was significantly higher in female students than in male students (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides basic information on dietary habits, dietary attitudes, life stress, and nutrition knowledge according to sex and suggests gender-specific practical nutrition education programs to address undesirable dietary habits and attitudes in students with higher stress levels.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2011

The marine ornamental industry has become a multi-billion dollar industry these days. As developing, however, this industry has been criticized for the indiscriminate captures and the destruction of the surrounding environment. To circumvent these problems, it is suggested to breed the organisms artificially. While clownfishes Amphiprion sp. and Premnas sp. are the most famous ornamental organisms in the trade, few studies are yet available on the culture and commercial production of these fishes. These studies were performed to investigate the spawning periodicity, behavior and the habits during egg incubation, and to provide the information on the mass hatching system. The spawning periodicity and frequency were different in 4 pairs under the constant condition, temperature, salinity and photoperiod. On the contrary, the male's behaviors for egg incubation are almost same in the all. The egg-fanning activity of the male increased as the developing eggs reaching to the hatching day. Based on the above results, we designed a new artificial hatching system, the rotating type (RT), and compared it with the aeration type (AT) and spray type (ST) that were previously described. RT showed higher hatching rate of 87.3% than AT (74.4%) and ST (60.5%). Also, there were no significant differences in the hatching rate regardless of the number (2, 3, 5) of hatching plates. We suggest RT may accommodate various number of hatching plates and constitute a better hatching system for clownfishes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary fat and individual fatty acids intake pattern of 174 college women living in Seoul and Gyong-gi province through internet nutritional assessment system. Each of the subjects was required to input their own food intake for three days, which included two days during the week and one day of the weekend, on the web program directly and all of the data collected were used for statistical analysis. The mean daily caloric intake of the subjects was 1,500.9 kcal which was at 71.5% of Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). Dietary fat contributed 27.6% of the total caloric intake which was slightly higher than the recommended limit of 25%. Daily cholesterol intake was 310.0 mg, which was also high to some degree. Mean daily N6 and N3 fatty acid intake was 6.1 g and 0.9 g, respectively, and calory % calculated from each were 3.63% and 0.53%. This result showed the intake of N3 fatty acid fell in Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMR) $0.5\sim1.0%$ but that of N6 fatty acid was somewhat lower than the AMDR $4\sim8%$. N6/N3 ratio 8.5/l, however, was within the desirable range $4\sim10/1$. Considering overall dietary fatty acids intake, oleic acid was the most abundant, followed by linoleic and palmitic acid. And among polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, linoleic acid was exclusively high, accounting for 97.4% of total N6 fatty acid intake. On the contrary, three fatty acids, linolenic (67.3%), DHA (21.1%) and EPA (10.0%), together supplied 98.4% of total N3 fatty acid intake. Mean P/M/S was 0.9/l.1/1.0. The subjects' intake of fat, many fatty acids and cholesterol came from diverse food groups including meats, fats and oils, milk and milk products, eggs, fish, and soybean products. Nevertheless, the subjects tended to show unfavorable fat and fatty acids intake pattern in terms of quantity and quality. Based on these results, it is important to monitor dietary fat intake pattern of the general population continuously and an internet program such as the one used for this study would be valuable, especially for assessing dietary patterns in the younger generation.