• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 1980

A severe crushing injury of the chest produce a very striking syndrome referred to as traumatic asphyxia. This syndrome is characterized by bluish-red discoloration of the skin which is limited to the distribution of the valveless veins of the head and neck. And also if it is characterized by bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages and neurological manifestations. But these clinical entities faded away progressively in a few weeks. Apporximately 90% of the patients who live for more than a few hours will recover from traumatic asphyxia when it occurs as a single entity. And so, death results from either severe associated injuries of from subsequent infection, rather than from pulmonary or cardiac insufficiency in traumatic asphyxia. We have experienced 4 cases of traumatic asphyxia with severe crushing thoracic injuries at department of the chest surgery, Captial Armed forces General Hospital during about 3 years from April 1977 to Aug. 1980. The 1st 22 year-old male was struct 2$\frac{1}{2}$ ton truck on the road and was transferred to this hospital immediately. He had taken tracheostomy due to severe dyspnea with contusion pneumonia and for removal of a large amount of bronchial secretion. The 2nd case was 23 year-old male who was got buried in a chasm. In this case, the heavy metal post tumbled over him back while at work. The 3rd case was 39 year-old male who leapt out of a window in 5th story while fire broke out in living room by oil stove heating. He had multiple rib fracture with right hemothor x and right colle's fracture and pelvic bone fracture. The last 22 year-old male was run over by a gun carriage. The wheel of this gun carriage passed over his thorax and right chin. He was brought to this hospital by helicopter. when he was first examined at emergency room, he was in semicomatose state and has pneurmomediastinum with multiple rib fracture and severe subcutaneous emphysema. As soon as he arrived, bilateral closed thoracostomy was performed and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was done. In hospital 8th weeks, chest series showed fibrothorax in right side even if chest wall stabilized. All 4 cases had multiple petechiae over their facees and chest and bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages referred to as traumatic asphyxia. 3 cases except one case who received splenectomy, had been suffered from contusion pneumonia and had been treated with respiratory care. In these 3 cases, they had warning of impending injury before accident, and took a deep breath hold it and braces himself. And also, even if he had not impending fear in remaining one case, he had taken a deep breath and had got valsalva maneuver for pulling off the heavy metal post. Intrathoracic pressure rose suddenly and resulted to traumatic asphyxia in this situation. All these cases were recovered completely without sequelae except one fibrothorax, right.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2007

Uterus myoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus, In oriental medicine, we used to made an effort to management this patients without surgical operation. Doctors have treated patients of uterus myoma mainly by checking over each symptom they have. Then we think that patients have some symptoms in relation to an etiological cause. So I have carried out this study to investigate association of DSOM scores and an attack of uterus myoma in oriental medicine. We chose 3 groups, the first one is 257 uterus myoma patients who visited Dongeui University Oriental Medical Center from May 2001 to June 2006, the second one is 558 outpatients who didn't have uterus myoma from May 2005 to June 2005, the third one is 129 clinical trials who volunteered for Sasang constitutional medicine. Then we made up 3 groups to checkup DSOM, and investigated the All DSOM Fluents which effect uterus myoma patients using regression model. Logistic regression analysis indicate as follows ; In comparison with 558 outpatients data, blood stasis(血瘀), dryness(燥) is associated positively and insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), spleen(脾), phlegm(痰) negatively, and mean of the index for pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均) of deficiency of qi(氣虛), heart(心) negatively. In comparison with 129 clinical trials data, blood stasis(血瘀) is associated positively and phlegm(痰) negatively, and mean of the index for pathogenic factor(炳機指標 平均) of deficiency of Yin(陰虛), liver(肝), diarrhea positively, heart(心) negatively. 3. In investigation of DSOM items, items of blood stasis(血瘀), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), coldness(寒) is associated positively and items of heart(心), spleen(脾), Phlegm(痰) negatively.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.28-39
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• 2013

비보강 조적벽체를 이용한 저층 건축물은 국내에 가장 흔히 볼 수 있는 주거형태이지만, 비보강 조적벽체는 높은 횡강성에 비하여 연성능력 부족 등의 이유로 지진으로부터 구조적 피해를 피하기 힘든 횡력저항시스템으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 국내 비보강 조적벽체 전단강도와 전단강성에 대한 실험적 연구는 부족한 편이며, 실제 지진이 발생했을 비보강 조적벽체를 횡력저항요소로 사용하는 건축물의 내진성능에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 이로 인하여 국내 비보강 조적벽체의 특성을 반영하고 있다고 볼 수 없는 FEMA 356에서 제시하고 있는 비보강 조적벽체의 전단강도와 강성을 준용하여 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우선 FEMA 356에서 제시하고 비보강 조적벽체의 전단강도와 강성을 실험결과와의 차이에 대해 기술하고, 이 차이가 현황조사와 실험데이터를 바탕으로 결정한 표본 비보강 조적조 건축물의 내진성능에 미치는 영향과 경과년수에 따른 영향을 증분동적해석을 이용하여 계산된 붕괴여유비와 구조성능의 불확실성을 표현하는 베타값을 이용하여 분석하였다. 해석결과를 통하여 FEMA 356에 의한 전단강도와 강성을 사용할 경우 조적조 건축물의 붕괴여유비와 베타값을 과소평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 두 경우 모두 국내 내진설계기준에서 제시하는 성능기준을 만족하지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 경과연수가 클수록 이런 현상은 뚜렷해지며, 30년 이상 경과된 조적조 건축물은 2400년 재현주기의 지진에 붕괴확률이 약 90%에 도달하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1983

This study was performed to obtain the basic data which could be used for the modification of the manual center-burner-type rice-husk furnace into a small scale automatic type for the multi-purpose use in the farm. For this purpose, first, the utilization feasibility of the rice-husk furnace in the farm was analyzed briefly in aspects of available amount of rice-husk for the fuel, annual operation time and replaceble amount of residential heating energy with rice-husk in the farm. For the experiment a prototype furnace geared with an automatic feeding device was fabricated, and feed rate, mold size and chimney height were changed to investigate the combustion efficiency of rice-husk and thermal efficiency of the furnace. Also, optimum and limiting operational factors were observed in each treatments. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. If the rice-husk is intensively used for residential heating in the farm for winter season, on an average 51 percent of the total heating energy can be replaced with the rice-husk. Therefore, development of a small scale automatic rice-husk furnace was recognized to be feasible. 2. The operational condition depending on husk-feed rates was very important factor for successive steady burning operation of the given furnace. When the feed-rate was 1.5 kg/hr, the top of the burning zone should be kept at the position about 55 cm from the bottom of the combustion chamber with the periodic removal of ash (termed as steady state position), which was 18 cm above the mold waist. When the feed rates were 2.4 kg/hr and 3.0 kg/hr, the steady state position was at about 4 cm above the mold waist. 3. The mold size affected inflow rate of air into the furnace and consequently CO content in the exhaust gas. The relatively bigger mold gave positive effect on the air-inflow rate. 4. When the husk-feed rates were 1.5 kg/hr, 2.4 kg/hr, 3.0 kg/hr, the combustion efficiencies of the rice-husk were 98.5%, 97.4% and 95.0%, the thermal efficiencies of the furnace were 93.4%, 93.2% and 87.6%, and CO content in the exhaust gas were 1.21%, 1.03%, and 2.43%, respectively. The air-inflow rates were decreased with the increase of feed rates. When the amount of excess air was 30-40%, the CO content in the exhaust gas was at the minimum level. 5. When the chimney height was lowered from 260 cm to 96 cm, the air-inflow rate was slightly decreased, but the average temperature in the combustion chamber, CO content in the exhaust gas and combustion and thermal efficiencies were not changed significantly. 6. The incidental problems associated with the protytype furnace were accumulation of the ash inside the mold, accumulation of the cinder between the outer-drum of the furnace and the combustion chamber wall, and accumulation of the cinder in the chimney.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.623-633
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• 1995

번암광산은 소백산 육괴의 남서부에 위치하며, 소백산은 편마암 복합체를 $N20{\sim}30^{\circ}E$ 방향으로 관입하여 나타난다. 주변 화강암들은 변성화강암류의 재용융 혹은 부분용융에 의해 생성된 calc-alkaline계열의 마그마로부터 분화 생성된 산화물로 추정된다. 광상을 배태시킨 광화용액을 화강암체를 형성한 마그마로부터 유래하였다해도 시기적으로 훨씬 후기에 생성되었을 것이다. 공생광물군에 대한 연구결과 광화작용은 크게 3시기로 I기: 기저 유화광물의 생성시기, II기: 후기 유화광물, 엘렉트럼 및 함은 유영 광물의 생성시기, III기: 소량의 함은 광물, 백색석영 및 탄산염광물의 생성시기로 나눌 수 있다. 번암광산의 생성온도, 염농도 및 압력은 광물공생과 화학성분, 유체포유물, 유황동위원소 지질온도계를 이용하여 측정되었으며 다음과 같다. I기: $200{\sim}315^{\circ}C$. 3.5~6.5 NaCl eq. wt.%. 0,28~0.61 Kbar. II기: $150{\sim}235^{\circ}C$, 4.5~7.4 NaCl eq. wt.%. 0.11~0.15 Kbar로 나타난다. 초기 광화작용동안산소와 유황분압은 각각, $10^{-35.1}{\sim}10^{-39.7}$ atm., $10^{-11.0}{\sim}10^{-13.4}$atm. 으로 나타난다. 이와 같은 연구결과 번암광산은 polymetallic meso-epithermal type의 광상으로 생각된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2013

본 논문은 대형 상용기관을 모사한 정적연소실에서 매립지 가스의 연소 특성에 대한 복수의 논문 중 첫 논문으로, 연소특성을 연소화학양론 및 열역학적 측면에서 분석하고 이를 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 연소화학양론 및 열역학적 분석에서 연료조성과 당량비에 따라 기연가스의 조성이 변화하고 이에따라 정적비열이 변화하여 동일 발열량에 최종압력은 변화하며, 이것은 실제 연소압력 측정결과와 대체로 일치한다. 연료조성과 당량비에 따른 상대적 압력변화 및 연소기간도 분석결과와 실험결과가 경향상 일치한다. 분석과 실험 결과 사이의 차이는 열전달량의 차이에 기인한 온도저하 및 이에 따른 정적비열의 변화가 주요 원인이며, 연소실 체적과 점화위치도 연소기간과 온도에 큰 영향을 준다. 최종적으로 정적연소에서 연료변환효율은 메탄 분율이 작을수록 그리고 당량비 0.8 ~ 0.9 사이에서 최대가 되며, 이러한 연료변환효율의 증가는 실물기관에서 비열비 감소의 효과를 상쇄하고 남으므로 순수 메탄보다 LFG의 연소가 효율 면에서 유리하다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2011

본 실험에서는 광중합형 임시충전재의 사용기간(1일 후, 3일 후, 7일 후)동안 구강 내의 수분과 온도변화 및 교합력에 의한 미세누출의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 무게 및 압축강도를 측정하고 열 순환 횟수에 따라 충전재와 와동면 사이의 미세누출을 평가하고자 2종의 광중합형 임시충전재를 사용하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광중합형 임시충전재는 사용기간에 따라 측정한 무게는 증가되었다. 제품 간의 비교결과는 Quicks의 무게가 더 높게 나타났다. 2. Spacer의 압축강도는 사용기간에 따라 유의한 차이가 있으나 Quicks의 압축강도에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 유의한 차이를 보인 Spacer에서는 3일차에서 압축강도가 크게 증가되었다. 3. 열 순환 횟수에 따른 미세누출은 7,000번 실시한 군에서 미세노출이 가장 높게 나타났고, 1,000번 실시한 군과 3,000번 실시한 군은 7,000번 실시한 군보다 통계학적으로 낮은 미세누출을 나타내었다. 4. 사용기간에 따른 무게와 압축강도 및 미세누출사이의 상호연관성이 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 사용기간 경과에 따라 미세누출의 증가를 가져왔으나 수복 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 미세누출이 증가하는 것은 자명한 사실이므로 향후 광중합형 임시충전재의 미세누출을 평가를 위해서는 습식분석을 통하여 화학적 결합을 유도하는 재료의 조성을 분석하는 방법을 부여하는 것이 미세누출 평가에 적절하다고 사료된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 고성토사면 위에 시공된 교대가 강우 침투로 측방유동이 발생되었을 경우 이로 인한 교대의 상대변위를 파악하고 적절한 보강대책 및 설계기준을 제안하고자 한다. 먼저 성토사면의 정확한 수치해석을 위해 현장의 성토재인 화강풍화토를 채취하여 비배수 직접전단시험을 통해 함수비(포화도)변화에 따른 강도정수의 변화를 파악하고 표준관입시험 결과를 토대로 탄성계수와 포아송비 등의 지반정수를 산정하였다. 이후 유한요소법을 이용하여 강우 시 교대 교좌부의 측방유동, 말뚝기초의 부재력을 산정하였다. 산정 결과, 교대 교좌부의 측방변위는 8.98cm로 허용변위량 3.0cm보다 약 3배 정도 크게 산정되었다. 측방유동의 보강대책으로 보강토옹벽, 압성토, 말뚝 기초 자체보강(길이 5m 연장보강, 3열 보강, 3열 5m 연장보강) 등에 대해 검토하였다. 그 결과, 말뚝기초를 보강 (3열 5m 연장보강) 하였을 경우 측방유동으로 인한 교대 교좌부의 상대변위는 2.26cm로 허용변위량보다 적었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.131.1-131.1
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• 2010

This study was conducted for engineering optimization for the gasification process which is the key factor for success of Taean IGCC gasification plant which has been driven forward under the government support in order to expand to supply new and renewable energy and diminish the burden of the responsibility for the reduction of the green house gas emission. The gasification process consists of coal milling and drying, pressurization and feeding, gasification, quenching and HP syngas cooling, slag removal system, dry flyash removal system, wet scrubbing system, and primary water treatment system. The configuration optimization is essential for the high efficiency and the cost saving. For this purpose, it was designed to have syngas cooler to recover the sensible heat as much as possible from the hot syngas produced from the gasifier which is the dry-feeding and entrained bed slagging type and also applied with the oxygen combustion and the first stage cylindrical upward gas flow. The pressure condition inside of the gasifier is around 40~45Mpg and the temperature condition is up to $1500{\sim}1700^{\circ}C$. It was designed for about 70% out of fly ash to be drained out throughout the quenching water in the bottom part of the gasifier as a type of molten slag flowing down on the membrane wall and finally become a byproduct over the slag removal system. The flyash removal system to capture solid particulates is applied with HPHT ceramic candle filter to stand up against the high pressure and temperature. When it comes to the residual tiny particles after the flyash removal system, wet scurbbing system is applied to finally clean up the solids. The washed-up syngas through the wet scrubber will keep around $130{\sim}135^{\circ}C$, 40~42Mpg and 250 ppmv of hydrochloric acid(HCl) and hydrofluoric acid(HF) at maximum and it is turned over to the gas treatment system for removing toxic gases out of the syngas to comply with the conditions requested from the gas turbine. The result of this study will be utilized to the detailed engineering, procurement and manufacturing of equipments, and construction for the Taean IGCC plant and furthermore it is the baseline technology applicable for the poly-generation such as coal gasification(SNG) and liquefaction(CTL) to reinforce national energy security and create new business models.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.7-23
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• 2001

We Koreans are very proud of this nation's cultural history over some five millenniums. But most of the relics found in the nation date back up to two thousand years. Under this circumstance, we are wondering the gap and missing of three thousand years. In our traditional literature of history, [Chiwoo] was a military god of supreme dignity and virtue. He was a symbol of brave and strong warriors and since the antiquity, he has been kept alive deeply in the mind of the Korean race. Considering findings through this study, the researcher could provide a conclusion as described below. 1) The name of Paekje's designed tiles was initially made by a Japanese scholar who had first found the antique relic. According to studies by a few of Korean researchers, the name is usually called despite its relation with a historical background of the excavated objects has not been fully studied. 2) After the patterned objects of the Korean antique Kingdom, Japanese researchers reported that [Chiwoo] was a military god as exorcist and probably represented something in the form of a ghost, although there were arguments that the military god was the very being to influence the image of the ghost. This report suggests that the Japanese community didn't downgrade the military god onto the level of a ghost. 3) One of our antique nations, Paekje at that time sought to determine the origin and culture of the Koreans by making multiple exchange relations with China, and probably accepting cultures of the Chinese Han nation and those of the Chinese South and North Dynasty period. Based on findings from a relevant literature, [Sulyigi], people of Paekje attempted to show express the image of Chiwoo in their own unique ways and then deliver the strong bravery of [Chiwoo] to us, or their descendents. This can explain that those findings as above mentioned are consistent with the designed tiles of Paekje, and that the tiles should not be named as the design of ghost. 4) The designed tiles involved elements of Taoism and Buddhism and substantially considered the spirit of four gods which was mobilized for the tomb construction and selection at that time. But this should never be a reason why all of the horned figures seen in tomb wall paintings are collectively treated as ghosts. 5) From the view of historic literature, we can no doubt say that the Heavenly Emperor [Chiwoo] was our ancestor. It is not better to say that the relic stuffs as excavated should be referred to the design of ghost image only in that they have yet to be associated historically with other relics. This claim would be newly changed as it becomes clear with historical remains that our antique ancestors kept doing positive activities along the coast of the antique kingdom, Balhae.