• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2010

In connection with a non-cash payment through the banking system, "finality of payment" has acquired diverse meanings. In according to Section 4A-209(2), the acceptance by the beneficiary's bank by means of receiving payment "pursuant to section 4A-403(a)(1) or 4A-403(a)(2)," constitutes final settlement through a Federal Reserve Bank or through a funds-transfer system" or credit to the account of the beneficiary's bank. Above of all, Acceptance by beneficiary's bank is the most important. According to 4A-209(b), the beneficiary's bank can accept a payment order in one of four ways : First, by paying the beneficiary; obligating itself to pay the beneficiary or, Second, by notifying the beneficiary of receipt of the order or notifying the beneficiary that its account was credited or, Thirdly, by receiving full payment from the sender's order or Lastly, by passage of time, i.e., the opening of the next funds transfer business day of the bank following the payment date of the order. A beneficiary's bank is considered to have accepted a payment order when the earliest of the four means of acceptance occurs.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.658-659
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• 2015

GCM and scenario uncertainties are first investigated for 5 major watersheds (Han River, Paldang dam, Namhan River, Bukhan River and Imjin River watersheds). As a result of this study, it is found that CCSM3-based annual precipitation increases linearly with respect to the 10-year moving average values while CSIRO-based precipitation does not show much of trend. The results from annual DJF mean precipitation show a similar trend with respect to their 10-year moving average values. Both CCSM3- and CSIRO-based annual JJA mean precipitation do not show much of trend toward 21^st century. In general, CCSM3-based precipitation values are slightly higher than CSIRO-based values with respect to their annual and annual JJA mean precipitation values, but CSIRO-based annual DJF mean precipitation values are slightly higher than CCSM3-based values. In case of mean air temperature between CCSM3 and CSIRO during 21^st century, all of results show a clear trend in warming with the passage of time for 5 watersheds. However the upward trends from CCSM3-based values slow down toward end of 21^stcentury while CSRIO-based values increases almost linearly.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.741-750
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 소프트웨어의 고장수리 과정 중 완전 수리와 불완전 수리를 모두 고려하는 혼합수리 모형을 제안하려고 한다. 이를 위해 소프트웨어가 가지고 있는 전체 결함의 유형을 고치기 쉬운 결함 유형과 고치기 어려운 결함 유형으로 나누고, 고치기 쉬운 결함의 경우에서는 수리 과정 중 결함을 완전하게 고친다고 가정한다. 또한 고치기 어려운 결함 유형은 완전 또는 불완전 수리가 가능하도록 가정하며, 이러한 가정과 마코프 과정(Markov process)하에서 소프트웨어 성능 평가를 위한 측도 중에 하나인 소프트웨어 가용성(software availability)을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2012

최근 시간적으로 변화된 데이터에서 유사한 값의 움직임 즉 유사 패턴을 검색하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 시간적으로 변화된 데이터는 시계열 데이터 (time series data) 또는 시퀀스 데이터(sequence data)로 분류되며 기존의 스칼라 값을 가지는 데이터와는 매우 다른 의미를 가진다. 본 논문에서 유사 시퀀스 검색은 시퀀스 데이터웨어하우스에서 값의 변화가 유사한 형태를 가지는 시퀀스들을 검색한다. 유사 시퀀스를 검색하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 먼저 시퀀스 원시 데이터에 이 산 푸리에 변환(DFT, Discrete Fourier Transform)을 적용하여 데이터를 변환한다. 변환된 데이터는 그 특성으로 인하여 유사 패턴의 검색에 적합하며 또 유사도를 비교할 때 일부분만 사용되므로 색인에 사용되는 속성의 개수를 줄이는 장점이 있다. 또 데이터웨어하우스 환경이므로 더 좋은 성능을 보일 수 있는 비트맵 색인 기법을 적용하였다. 시퀀스 데이터의 효율적인 검색을 위하여 영역 지정 검색 방법을 제안하고 효율적인 실행을 위한 비트맵을 활용한 다양한 조합의 색인을 생성하고, 질의 최적화기의 연산 비용을 비교하면서 효율적인 검색 연산을 위한 최저 비용의 색인을 선택하는 기법을 연구하였다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.153-168
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• 2023

Non-representation creates difference and change that can be used as a creative design method that satisfies contradictory requirements for similarity and differentiation. This study drew upon the characteristics of the concept of non-representation expressed in contemporary art and architecture, in which Gilles Deleuze's philosophical thinking was reflected, and analyzed the non-representation depicted in contemporary fashion. The non-representation expressed in contemporary art and architecture is as follows. Non-representation of delaying becoming focuses on reverting to preexisting objects and redefining traditional meaning, thereby delaying the representation of latent meaning. Non-representation of non-becoming removes existing values and typical forms and expresses amorphousness. Non-representation of becoming by repetition or reiteration realizes the difference caused by the passage of time by repeating or overlapping shapes. Non-representation of becoming expresses the transformation of space by flowing through time rather than by actual movement. Non-representation in contemporary fashion shows the following expression characteristics. First, the non-representation of deferring becoming deconstructs the traditional values and forms of clothing and expresses designs by displacement or juxtaposition. Second, the non-representation of non-becoming is expressed concepts unrelated to the body and focus upon amorphous objects that do not become concretized forms. Third, generative non-representation by repetition and overlap expresses the possibility of change by overlapping clothing items or details expressed by repeating segmented objects. Fourth, generative non-representation by movement reproduces the meaning of space and time by moving the shape of the clothing or visually changing the surface of the material of clothing. As a result of the study, the non-representation shown in contemporary fashion aims for versatility to conform to social changes. This study provides new insight into the fashion design method by increasing the understanding of the cocnept of non-representation and showing its potential.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2017

Purpose: Acupuncture has recently been accepted as a treatment option for managing postoperative ileus (POI) and various functional gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, we conducted a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on POI and other surgical outcomes in patients who underwent gastric surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer from March to December 2015 were randomly assigned to acupuncture or non-acupuncture (NA) groups at 1:1 ratio. The acupuncture treatment was administered treatment once daily for 5 consecutive days starting at postoperative day 1. The primary outcome measure was the number of remnant sitz markers in the small intestine on abdominal radiograph. The secondary outcome measure was the surgical outcome, including the times to first flatus, first defecation, start of water intake, and start of soft diet, as well as length of hospital stay and laboratory findings. Results: The acupuncture group had significantly fewer remnant sitz markers in the small intestine on postoperative days 3 and 5 compared to those in the NA group. A significant difference was observed in the numbers of remnant sitz markers in the small intestine with respect to group differences by time (P<0.0001). The acupuncture group showed relatively better surgical outcomes than those in the NA group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In this clinical trial, acupuncture promoted the passage of sitz markers, which may reflect the possibility of reducing POI after distal gastrectomy.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2003

Most denuded mountain areas in Korea were completely stabilized by the successful work of the 1st and 2nd 10-year Forest Development Plans which targeted the reforestation of denuded forest lands. The objectives of this study are (1) to estimate the depth of organic horizon in the soil profile, (2) to investigate the change of vegetation structure, (3) to estimate the change of biomass in the erosion controlled and rehabilitated mountain areas with the passage of time. This study was carried out as the 5th times. The first study began in the year of 1985, the second study was in the year of 1988, the third study was in the year of 1992, 4th was in the year of 1998 and 5th was in the year of 2002. The first study started in the study sites which elapsed 9 years after erosion control works. The results of the study were as follows : The increase rate of soil thickness was estimated to $Y_{(cm)}=2.906log_{(yr)}-3.2476(r^2=0.917)$ during 26 years after erosion control works. The important value of pines decreased to 14.7% on upper layer. But, the important value of alders. which did not plant on erosion control work increased to 27.1%. The decrease of whole crown projection indicates that pines. and alders were heavily injured by pine leaf gall midge in the year of 1993, 1995 years and Agelastica coerulea Baly in the year of 1986, 1987 years at Yoju-gun. The young growth of pines and alders not appeared on the soil surface which elapsed 26 years after erosion control works. On the lower layer, oaks occupied over 50% in I.V, RD, RC, RF. In process of years, the increase of biomass estimated to be $Y_{(t/ha)}={0.7505X_{(yr)}}^{1.6335}\;(r^2=0.9712)$ for 26 years after erosion control works.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

영상 처리에서 전경 이미지 추출은 움직이는 대상이나 객체를 인식하려는 경우에 주로 응용된다. 게임에서 전경 이미지에 포함되는 객체들은 주로 캐릭터와 NPC(Non Player Character), 아이템 등이 될 수 있다. 이 객체들은 플레이어들의 이동, 공격, 방어, 수집의 대상이 되는 객체들로 플레이어들의 주요 관심 대상이 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경에서, 플레이어들의 관심 영역을 추출하기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해, 첫째, 전경 이미지를 추출한다. 둘째, 추출한 전경 이미지를 일정시간 누적시켜서 히트맵(Heat Map) 이미지를 결과 이미지로 보여준다. 마지막으로 마우스 트랙킹 프로그램을 이용하여 마우스 이동 영역을 검출하고 히트맵 이미지와 비교함으로써 플레이어의 관심 영역을 유도할 수 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2005

In study, various notions regarding historic landscapes and rehabilitation were first investigated, and efficient rehabilitation schemes on modem historic landscapes were analyzed. On the basis of these theological analyses, an underlying scheme on the rehabilitation of modern historic landscapes was drawn up for '40 Stair Cultural Street' in Jung-gu, Busan City. Rehabilitating historic landscapes not only expresses a positive method to preserving sites and relics of heritage, but also an idea of preservation and rehabilitation based on interpretations from a historical perspective of value in this present day. Its significance is, therefore, to construct an ideal urban landscape in which the past, present and future can coexist. The rehabilitation of historic landscapes will become a psychological pillar to the people living in cities and will be able to lead the various types of urban activities as effective landmarks creating accessibility and representing perpetuity, as rehabilitated landscapes last through the passage of time. In addition, since historic and cultural landscape resources significantly represent regional identities and cultural characteristics that are protected and maintained, they may result in the succession of time and space in regional and urban historical culture and contribute to improving local images and impressions, allowing citizens and tourists to experience many diverse historic and cultural environments. The underlying scheme on the development of '40 Stair Cultural Street' in the study has been drawn up with a focus on the rehabilitation of modern historic value drawn out of the 40 stairs. The area around the 40 stairs, which was shaped as a stronghold of refugees who fled for safety during the Korean War, has changed as dramatically as people can no longer get a feel of the circumstances of that period. Local historians and residents, however, still share the joys and sorrows of refugee life as sad memories. Based on the historical fact, landscape planting, street furniture, outdoor color schemes & signage, traffic systems, symbolic 3-D models and pavement designs are underway.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2011

본 실험에서는 광중합형 임시충전재의 사용기간(1일 후, 3일 후, 7일 후)동안 구강 내의 수분과 온도변화 및 교합력에 의한 미세누출의 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 무게 및 압축강도를 측정하고 열 순환 횟수에 따라 충전재와 와동면 사이의 미세누출을 평가하고자 2종의 광중합형 임시충전재를 사용하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 광중합형 임시충전재는 사용기간에 따라 측정한 무게는 증가되었다. 제품 간의 비교결과는 Quicks의 무게가 더 높게 나타났다. 2. Spacer의 압축강도는 사용기간에 따라 유의한 차이가 있으나 Quicks의 압축강도에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 유의한 차이를 보인 Spacer에서는 3일차에서 압축강도가 크게 증가되었다. 3. 열 순환 횟수에 따른 미세누출은 7,000번 실시한 군에서 미세노출이 가장 높게 나타났고, 1,000번 실시한 군과 3,000번 실시한 군은 7,000번 실시한 군보다 통계학적으로 낮은 미세누출을 나타내었다. 4. 사용기간에 따른 무게와 압축강도 및 미세누출사이의 상호연관성이 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 사용기간 경과에 따라 미세누출의 증가를 가져왔으나 수복 후 시간이 경과함에 따라 미세누출이 증가하는 것은 자명한 사실이므로 향후 광중합형 임시충전재의 미세누출을 평가를 위해서는 습식분석을 통하여 화학적 결합을 유도하는 재료의 조성을 분석하는 방법을 부여하는 것이 미세누출 평가에 적절하다고 사료된다.