• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2019

Background: Variation exists in the initial treatment for the first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), and no definitive consensus exists due to a lack of high-quality evidence. This study examined the outcomes of needle aspiration and closed thoracostomy in first episodes of PSP requiring intervention. Methods: This study was a randomized, prospective, single-center trial conducted between December 2015 and August 2016. Patients of all ages with a documented first episode of PSP who were unilaterally affected, hemodynamically stable, and had a pneumothorax measuring over 25% in size were included. Patients with underlying lung disease, severe comorbidities, bilateral pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, recurrent pneumothorax, traumatic pneumothorax, and pregnancy were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned to the needle aspiration or closed thoracostomy group using a random number table. Results: Forty patients with a first episode of PSP were recruited, and 21 and 19 patients were included in the needle aspiration group and the closed thoracostomy group, respectively. The hospital stay of each group was $2.1{\pm}1.8days$ and $5.4{\pm}3.6days$, respectively (p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found in the success rate of initial treatment or the 1-month and 1-year recurrence rates. Conclusion: Needle aspiration is a favorable initial treatment in patients experiencing a first episode of PSP.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.206-210
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• 2015

Purpose: The use of a 12-week steroid regimen (long-term therapy, LT) for the first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) reportedly induces a more sustained remission and lower relapse rate than previous regimens, including an 8-week steroid regimen (short-term therapy, ST). Here, we assessed the potential for selective application of 2 steroid regimens (LT vs. ST) based on the days to remission (early responders [ER] vs. late responders [LR]) for the first idiopathic NS episode in children. Methods: Patients were divided into 4 subgroups (ST+ER, ST+LR, LT+ER, and LT+LR) according to the initial steroid regimen used and rapidity of response; the baseline characteristics, relapse rates, and cumulative percentage of children with sustained remission were then compared among the 4 subgroups. Results: Fifty-four children received ST, and the remaining 45 children received LT. As observed in previous studies, children receiving LT showed significantly lower relapse rates during the first year after the first NS episode than those receiving ST. The ST+ER group showed significantly lower relapse rates during the first one year and two years after the first NS episode than the the ST+LR group, whereas there were no significant differences of the relapse rates and duration to the first relapse between the ST+ER and LT+ER groups. Conclusion: We suggest that the initial steroid regimen in idiopathic NS patients can be shortened according to the duration to remission i.e., LT in patients achieving remission after the first week of steroid therapy, and ST in those achieving remission within the first week of steroid therapy.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2003

Conidia of molds within the Asian dust were captured in the ambient air of mid-west Korea, in springtime of 2000~2002. An eight-stage Cascade impactor and 0.22 $\mu\textrm{m}$ pore size membrane filters were used for the dust samples. Several kinds of molds grown from the samples were identified to the genus level. Those are Aspergillus, Basipetospora, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Monotospora and Penicillium. Relatively diversified mycelia of hyphomycetes were grown on the fine dust sample (1.1~2.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$) in the first year Asian dust episode (23~24 March, 2000). On the other hand, some fluffy molds and dark molds aggregations were grown on even the backup particle sample less than 0.43 $\mu\textrm{m}$ during the second year episode (24~26 April, 2001). The result of the last year episode (21~22 March, 2002) showed various mycelia grown on the sample contained from 1.1 to 2.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ sized particles, just like the result of the first year episode (23~24 March, 2000). These variations between the episodes might be caused by the difference of the dust origins.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2008

목 적 : 가와사끼병의 재발에 있어서의 임상양상 및 관련된 인자를 찾아보고자 하였다 방 법 : 2004년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 세브란스 어린이병원 소아청소년과에서 가와사끼병으로 2회이상 치료받은 환아 20명을 대상으로 하여 초기 발병시와 재발시의 입원기록을 후향적으로 비교분석 하였다. 결 과 : 재발한 가와사끼병 환자 20명의 남여 성비는 1.2:1이었으며 평균연령은 $37.2{\pm}19.9$개월이었고, 재발 간격은 평균 3.3개월이었다. 첫 발병시보다 재발시에 발열 기간이 더 짧았고 발진이 적었으나 혈액학적 소견, 치료 결과 및 합병증은 차이가 없었다. 재발시 3명(15%)에서 정맥용 면역글로불린 초기치료에 반응하지 않았다. 재발 하지 않은 그룹에 비해 재발한 그룹에서 적혈구 침강속도 수치가 더 높았다. 결 론 : 가와사끼병은 재발하는 경우에는 비전형적 가와사끼병으로 표현될 수 있으므로 소아청소년과 의사는 이런 특징을 유념하여 진단과 치료를 수행하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

Background: The relationship between the size of bullae and pneumothorax recurrence is controversial. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the role of blebs or bullae in predicting ipsilateral recurrence in young patients experiencing their first episode of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) who underwent conservative treatment. Methods: A total of 299 cases of first-episode PSP were analyzed. The status of blebs or bullae was reviewed on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The dystrophic severity score (DSS; range, 0 to 6 points) was calculated based on HRCT. Results: The 5-year recurrence rate was 38.2%. In univariate analysis, age (<20 years), body mass index (<$20kg/m^2$), a unilateral lesion, and intermediate risk (DSS 4 and 5) were associated with recurrence. Sex; smoking history; and the presence, number, and maximal size of blebs or bullae were not related to recurrence. In Cox regression, age and intermediate risk were independent risk factors for recurrence. High risk (DDS 6) was not an independent risk factor. Conclusion: The presence, number, and size of blebs or bullae did not affect ipsilateral recurrence. DSS failed to show a positive correlation between severity and recurrence. The decision to perform surgery in patients experiencing their first episode of PSP should not be determined by the severity of blebs and bullae.

• 대기
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.445-459
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• 2021

This study uses a cloud-resolving storm simulator (CReSS) to understand the individual effect of determinant meteorological factors on snowfall characteristics in the Yeongdong region based on the rawinsonde soundings for two snowfall cases that occurred on 23 February (Episode 1) and 13 December (Episode 2) 2016; one has a single-layered cloud and the other has two-layered cloud structure. The observed cloud and precipitation (snow crystal) features were well represented by a CReSS model. The first ideal experiment with a decrease in low-level temperature for Episode 1 indicates that total precipitation amount was decreased by 19% (26~27% in graupel and 53~67% in snow) compared with the control experiment. In the ideal experiment that the upper-level wind direction was changed from westerly to easterly, although total precipitation was decreased for Episode 1, precipitation was intensified over the southwestern side (specifically in terrain experiment) of the sounding point (128.855°E, 37.805°N). In contrast, the precipitation for Episode 2 was increased by 2.3 times greater than the control experiment under terrain condition. The experimental results imply that the low-level temperature and upper-level dynamics could change the location and characteristics of precipitation in the Yeongdong region. However, the difference in precipitation between the single-layered experiment and control (two-layered) experiment for Episode 2 was negligible to attribute it to the effect of upper-level cloud. The current results could be used for the development of guidance of snowfall forecast in this region.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.635-646
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• 2007

Human Powered Vessel Festival (HPVF) hosted by the College of Engineering of Chungnam National University, the Society of Naval Architects of Korea and the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute has been held annually in Daejon since 1999. Solar boat powered by solar energy appeared for the first time in 2006, and it is expected that more new teams will enter this competition in the coming years. In this paper it is described that design procedures and manufacture processes of the solar boat named EPISODE. Firstly, It is aimed to understand compositions of the electric system and their performance properties and to show the design procedures using commercial design packages line WAVIS, CATIA, HCAD etc. Through the trial test, we confirmed ship speed, maneuverability, durability and operation condition of the electric system and found some problems. We plans to make reported problems go away and install hydrofoils for more improved speed performance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of first-episode psychiatric patients. Methods: This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code F10), schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD-10 codes F20-F29), and mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F30-F33) in the first half of 2005. This study included only National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005. The dependent variable was the occurrence of downward mobility, which was defined as a health insurance status change from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with downward drift of first-episode psychiatric patients. Results: About 10% of the study population who were National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005 became Medical Aid recipients in 2007. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary diagnosis, type of hospital at first admission, regular use of outpatient clinic, and long-term hospitalization are significant predictors in determining downward drift in newly diagnosed psychiatric patients. Conclusions: This research showed that the downward mobility of psychiatric patients is affected by long-term hospitalization and medical care utilization. The findings suggest that early intensive intervention might reduce long-term hospitalization and the downward mobility of psychiatric patients.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권43호
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• pp.211-230
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• 2016

만화는 '연속된 칸의 배열'이라는 명제에서, 이 연구는 출발한다. 연속된 두 칸 이상의 이미지가 연결되어 어떻게 이야기를 전달하는 지, 앞 칸과 뒤 칸의 연결 관계는 어떠한 지 등에 관한 연구에서 비롯된다. 우리나라 만화는 웹툰의 시대를 지나가고 있다. 과거 출판만화 시대의 단행본이나 잡지를 거쳐, 온라인이나 모바일에 게재되는 만화를 즐기는 시대로 이미 접어들었다. 웹툰 또한 연속된 칸의 배열로 구성된다. 단지 그 방향과 모양, 길이 등이 출판만화와 다른 점을 보인다. 이에 연구자는 연속된 두 칸의 연결관계를 다시 한 번 규명하려 한다. 특히 한 화 혹은 한 에피소드에서 칸의 연결에 관한 연구를 넘어서, 연재되는 두 화로 확장시켜 앞 화의 마지막 칸과 다음 화의 첫 칸의 연결 관계가 어떠한 지 살펴본다. 이 연구에서는 포털사이트 네이버와 다음에 연재하는 웹툰 100여 작품을 분석하였다. 특히 작품의 1화 마지막 칸과 2화 첫 칸을 분석하였다. 첫 화를 분석한 이유는 독자를 사로잡는 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 것이 연재 첫 화라는 전제에서 시작한다. 분석의 최대 관심은 두 칸이 연결성 측면에서 '연결'인가 또는 '단절'인가를 분석하였다. 또한 2016년 현재 대표적인 모바일만화 플랫폼 레진코믹스와 탑툰의 작품을 20여 편 분석하여 웹툰과 모바일만화에서 칸 연결의 차이점을 찾아보았다. 연재만화의 한 화의 마지막 칸은 그 화를 정리하는 기능과 동시에 다음 화에 대한 궁금증을 불러일으키게 하는 역할을 갖는다. 또한 다음 화의 첫 칸은 전 화의 이야기를 이어가는 임무를 부여받는다. 이러한 이유로 이 두 칸은 적어도 대개 일주일이라는 시공간적 간극을 연결시켜야 한다. 첫 칸이 전 화의 이야기를 떠 올리게 하는 것이 쉬운 연결 기술일 것이다. 하지만 그렇지 않은 경우도 존재한다. 이것은 온전한 작가의 몫으로, 작가는 어느 지점에서 한 화를 마무리하고 다음 화로 넘어갈지 고민한다. 따라서 이 연구는 연재되는 만화의 시공간적인 간극을 칸이 어떻게 연결하는 지에 관한 유형을 통계로 제시함으로서 칸 연출의 연구 범위를 칸과 칸의 연결에서 에피소드와 에피소드의 연결로 확장시키는 효과를 가질 것으로 기대한다. 또한 기술적으로나 만화 연출 상으로 두 화를 어떻게 연결하는 지에 관한 고민을 다소 해결할 것으로 기대된다.

• 우울조울병
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2018

Objectives : The objective of this study was to revise the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Bipolar Disorder (KMAP-BP) 2014: Children and Adolescents. Methods : We performed the survey, using a questionnaire comprising 22 questions according to each situation, in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Results : First-line pharmacotherapeutic strategies for manic episode in children with bipolar disorder were a combination of mood stabilizer (MS) and an atypical antipsychotics (AAP), monotherapy with an AAP, risperidone, and aripiprazole. Aripiprazole was selected as first-line medication for depressive episode in children with bipolar disorder, and aripiprazole, and risperidone were selected as first-line at high-risk children. First-line pharmacotherapeutic strategies for manic episode in adolescents were a combination of MS and an AAP, monotherapy with an AAP valproate, lithium, risperidone (Treatment of Choice, TOC), aripiprazole, and quetiapine. First-line pharmacotherapeutic strategies for depressive episode in adolescents, were a combination of an atypical antipsychotics and lamotrigine, valproate, aripiprazole (TOC), risperidone, and quetiapine. For depressive episodes in adolescents at high risk for bipolar disorder, valproate, aripiprazole (TOC), and risperidone were selected as first-line medication. Conclusion : We expect that the present KMAP-BP 2018-children and adolescents, is useful for clinicians to treat children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.