• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.197-208
• /
• 2012

There's an opinion that it may be a combination of change of values and social economic factors that caused low fertility of Korean society. This study intends to analyze actual conditions of family children values and gender role centered on university students in a marriageable age so draw a policy implication for overcoming low fertility. Main findings of this study are like following. First, as for analysis of childbirth intention shows average score of $3.35{\pm}1.142$ presented sex distinction that men have a higher tendency to women. Second, in gender role attitudes, it shows that gender role related on women's social activities($2.06{\pm}0.739$), traditional gender role in family($2.41{\pm}0.789$) influence on childbirth intention (p<0.001). Third, in family children values indicates moderate scores($2.95{\pm}0.648$) that son's position in family ($2.33{\pm}0.911$), relation between children and parents($2.80{\pm}1.050$), individual's position in family($3.56{\pm}0.671$) influence on childbirth intention(p<0.000) in the traditional values. Measures against low fertility will prove effective when family values are established favorable to marriage, childbirth, rearing, gender equality is settled in a society as a whole and related systems.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 2013

This study examined the effects of paternal participation in child care and social support on planning for a second childbirth, focusing on the mediating effect of the mother's parenting stress. The 887 subjects studied in this paper were mothers who have a first child, and were selected from a sample of the 2nd Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education(KICCE), conducted in 2009. Data was analyzed using a Structural Equation Model(SEM) to identify a structure and relationships among factors. The significance of indirect effects to test the mediating effect of maternal parenting stress was identified via bootstrapping. Results indicated that maternal parenting stress partially mediated the relationship between the father's participation in child care and planning for a second childbirth, and absolutely mediated the relationship between social support and planning for a second childbirth. The findings reveal the importance of reducing parenting stress, given its substantial impact on planning for a second childbirth.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.58-70
• /
• 2018

Purpose: To provide accurate information on induced labor and find strategies to enhance women's childbirth satisfaction. Methods: Participants were pregnant women expected to have normal vaginal delivery. A total of 113 women with induced labor and 61 women with spontaneous labor were surveyed. Data were collected using a questionnaire and electronic medical records. Results: The following variables related to labor progress showed significant differences between the induced labor group and the spontaneous labor group: length of the first stage of labor in primigravidas, use of analgesic, incidence of uterine hyperstimulation, incidence of fetal distress, and medical treatment for the expectant mother. Delivery type and the incidence of postpartum complications showed significant difference between the two groups. Induced labor women's childbirth satisfaction was mainly affected by the process of labor whereas spontaneous labor women's childbirth satisfaction was affected by the outcome of childbirth. Conclusion: Medical staff should have accurate information on the risk of induced labor and the benefits of a natural delivery. Moreover, medical staff should provide necessary information and environment for women to participate in the decision-making process.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.140-152
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Social support is essential for postpartum well-being, but little is known about the postpnatal social support preferred by primiparous women. This study aimed to comprehensively understand and describe the meaning of postnatal social support experience in primiparous women. Methods: The participants were seven primiparous women who were within 1 year after childbirth, recruited through purposive and snowball sampling from an online parenting community. The data were collected through in-depth interviews from November 14 to 28, 2022. Participants were interviewed face-to-face or via phone or online platform, according to their choice. Colaizzi's phenomenological qualitative research method was applied to analyze the meaning of the participants' experience. Results: Five theme clusters and fourteen themes were identified from the data. The five theme clusters are as follows: (1) Shortcomings of the childbirth and postpartum care system I learned through my experience; (2) Government policies focusing on childbirth and child-rearing rather than postpartum recovery; (3) Driving force of postpartum recovery: Shared childbirth process; (4) Childcare on my own; and (5) Conflicted between being a stay-at-home mom and a working mom under inadequate maternity protection policies. Conclusion: Despite postpartum support from the government that was perceived as inadequate, first-time mothers regained confidence and motivation for parenting with the help of family, peers, and social networks. First-time mothers need support from professionals and reliable online communities for postpartum recovery and parenting.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.67-79
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This research aimed to study the awareness of marriage, childbirth, fertility and high-risk pregnancy among university students. Methods: 250 university students from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do completed questionnaires regarding their awareness on marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy. Results: The average age of participants was 22.5. The ideal marriage age was 29.8. 201 (80.4%) participants had an intention of getting married, and 160 (60.4%) answered they should have children. The ideal age of first childbirth was 30.4 and last childbirth was 35.1. There were 126 (50.4%) with prior education regarding high-risk pregnancy, subfertility or infertility. The score of needs for education associated with pregnancy was 7.6 out of 10. The average correct answer rate of awareness of fertility issues was 30.7%. There were significant differences between men and women, 25% of men and 38% of women overestimated the age at women are most fertile. Only 23.7% of men and 25.9% of women knew the correct age when there was marked decrease in women's fertility. Conclusion: Awareness of a lack of marriage, childbirth, fertility, and high-risk pregnancy may influence future family planning and health. These results can be used to plan programs or education for marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.425-438
• /
• 2013

Postponing childbirth is becoming increasingly common and consequently serious social problem in Korea, among married-working women. It is relatively unknown which factors determine married-working women's childbirth intention. This study investigated the effects of demographical factors, labor market factors and social support factors on married-working women's childbirth intention. Data from a national survey of married-working women (Korean longitudinal survey of women and families) are used in this study. The findings are as follows. First, logistic regression analyses that married-working women's childbirth intention could be predicted by 1) personal characteristic factors such as age (p <.000), education level (p<.029), parenthood (p<.000) monthly pay (p<.01); 2) husband support factors, such as satisfaction with division of household labor (p<.009), time with family (p<.049) influence of family life on work (p<.083); and 3) institutional support factors such as regular position (p<.015), regression analysis showed similar results. Personal characteristic factors and husband support factors had statistically significant effects on the number of future children. Personal value factors such as traditional family support (p<.05) proved to be the best predictor of the number of future children. Institutional support factors, on the other hand, did not have statistically significant effect on the number of future children. In a nutshell, personal characteristics and husband support proved to be the most important determinant of married-working women's childbirth intention. The findings suggest that family friendly policy and flexible labor market policy will impact married-working women's childbirth intention.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.382-392
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate breast-feeding and breast-feeding health behavior among korean first-time mothers and to provide basic data for promoting breast- feeding. Data were collected by interview or self report from 444 first-time mothers who visited health clinic center in the area of metropolitan, medium or small city, countryside. and whose infants were under 12 months old from January 2001 to February 2001. The results show that breast-feeding was 31.5% in a week after childbirth, 25.8% in 4 weeks after childbirth, 22.7% in 2 months, 17.8% in 3 months, 14.3% in 6 months, 2.5% in 12 months after childbirth. Breast-feeding rate was very low in Korea and the duration of breast-feeding was very short. Breast-feeding health behavior did not show significant differences by general characteristics of the subjects except area. The subjects in the health clinic center with MCN project did better breast feeding health behavior than the subject in the health clinic center without MCN project. To raise breast-feeding rate, several strategy could be suggested. Systemic education about importance and advantages of breast-feeding and desirable breast-feeding method should be provided to pregnant women and postpartum women. Childbirth leave in the work should be prolonged, and supportive facility such as nursery room should be installed for working mothers. Hospitals should follow the guideline of 'Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative' which was provided by UNISEF and WHO, including rooming-in after delivery.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.43-64
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of education expenditure children and financial support for parents on childbirth intention and, elderly life preparation. This study uses Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families data. The research subjects are married women aged between $20{\sim}45$ years old who have one child and are living with at least one parent. The analysis method includes chi-square analysis, frequency analysis, and logistic regression analysis which is suitable for presuming differences between groups and relative influence or power. As a result, the first subjective perception is that economic conditions influence childbirth intention and elderly life preparation. Second, the portion of education expenditure is a more important factor than traditional ones, such as the child's sex, the married woman's job and her income. Third, elderly life preparation is influenced by economic factors, regardless of whether they are subjective or objective factors. Finally, analyses by logistic regression analysis suggest that a decision about childbirth is influenced by education expenditure. This refer to the costs related to the child's generation. A decision about elderly life preparation is related to financial support from parents, meaning costs related to the parents's generation.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.65
• /
• pp.55-80
• /
• 2021

This study attempted to find a Christian religious alternative to the seriousness of the problem of low birth rate which has become a national and social problem, and its alternative. Korea is a low birth rate country. The phenomenon of low birth rate and childbirth avoidance is a reality that not only are national problems but also Korean churches are experiencing serious problems, and will continue to affect them. It will affect the church in four major ways. First, is a sharp decline in the number of members. Second, is the decline of Sunday schools. Third, various family problems and generational conflicts will arise. And it brings problems such as a crisis of faith among members. Young people living today have an unconventional attitude toward marriage, childbirth, and parenting. But for Christians, childbirth is a way of living in that God blessed us to "be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth." In other words, childbirth must be recognized as a blessing from God, not a human decision. Therefore, we must know how precious the fetus is in front of God and that it is a precious life. Thus, we should be interested in how to nurture the life God has given. To do so the church's role is education is to shape the value of life from a biblical perspective. Therefore the church needs to see how the Christian faith of young and married couples who are about to marry, give birth, and raise children, affects the childbirth and rearing of children. And it is necessary to study what the role of church and Christian education is to solve the problem of low birth rate and to suggest alternatives. For this study, we will first identify the factors of low birth rate. Then we will confirm childbirth and the blessing of God through the Bible. Finally, the role of the church in low birth rate and educational alternatives will be presented.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.151-168
• /
• 2021

This study compared and analyzed the effect of the burden of household expenditure in the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas on the intention to childbirth intention to married women using a panel logit model. To this end, this analysis targeted married women aged 25 to 39 who are highly likely to be fertile. The main results are as follows; First of all, it was confirmed that the economic power of spouse can be an important factor in the childbirth intention regardless of region. Second, it was found that the higher the satisfaction of marriage had a positive effect on the childbirth intention, and also higher the value that children must have, the higher the childbirth intention. Third, it was confirmed that the burden of household expenditure is the most important factor in the willingness to childbirth intention, excluding factors such as the number of existing children. In particular, the burden on education spending in both the capital region and non-capital region was found to be a key reason for the decrease in the childbirth intention. Lastly, the burden of household expenditure showed different effects on childbirth intention on depending on the region. Specifically, in the capital region, medical spending and loans had a greater impact, while, in the non-capital region, transportation and communication costs had a greater impact on childbirth intentions. Through the results, this study confirmed the implication that easing the burden on household expenditure is continuously necessary to enhance childbirth, and that discriminatory policy approaches are required depending on the area of residence.