• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fire damage

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Analysis of Forest Fire Damage Areas Using Spectral Reflectance of the Vegetation (식생의 분광 반사특성을 이용한 산불 피해지 분석)

  • Choi, Seung-Pil;Kim, Dong-Hee;Ryutaro, Tateishi
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.14 no.2 s.36
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 2006
  • Forest damage is a worldwide issue and specially, a forest fire involves damage to itself and causes secondary damage such as a flood etc. However, actually, clear analysis on forest fire damage can be hardly conducted due to difficulty in approaching a forest fire and quite a long period of time for analysis. To overcome such difficulty, recently, forest fire damage has been actively investigated with satellite image data, but it is also difficult to obtain satellite image data fitted to the time a forest fire occurred. In addition, it is burdensome to verify accuracy of the obtained image. Therefore, this study was attempted to look into the damaged districts from forest fires by reference to spectroradiometric characteristics of the obtained vegetation with a spectroradiometer as preliminary work to use satellite image data. To begin with, the researcher analyzed the field survey data each measured 3 months and 6 months after occurrence of a forest fire by judging the extent of the damage through visual observation and using a spectroradiometer in order to investigate any potential errors arising out of one-time visual observation. Besides, in this study, groups showing possibilities that trees might be restored to life and wither to death could be classified on the sampling points where forest fire damage is minor.

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An Experimental Study on Thermal Damage and Spalling of Concrete Lining in Tunnel Fire (터널화재시 콘크리트 라이닝의 폭렬 및 화재손상에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Heung-Youl;Kim, Hyung-Jun;Cho, Kyung-Suk;Lee, Jae-Sung;Kwan, Ki-Hyuk
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.110-120
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    • 2009
  • In tunnel, though the frequency of fire occurrence is relatively lower than other structures, the characteristics of sealed space tends to cause the temperature to rapidly rise to more than $1000^{\circ}C$ within 5minutes after fire, which might eventually lead to a large fire that usually results in a loss of lives and the damage to the properties, not to mention a huge cost necessary for repair and maintenance after fire. We have developed various conditions of the heating furnace and the method to install a thermo couple within the furnace based on EFNARC and KS F 2257-1. Referring to tunnel fire scenarios, it clarified the heat transfer characteristics of concrete PC panel lining depending on fire intensity (ISO, $1^{\circ}C$/SEC, MHC, RWS), and to identify the range of thermal damage, the evaluation was carried out using ITA standard. As a result, 30mm under ISO fire condition, 20mm under $1^{\circ}C$/SEC, 100mm under MHC and 50mm under RWS were measured. And when it comes to spalling, 30mm was measured under RWS and MHC.

Utilization of Immersion-Drying Method for Measuring Damage Depth of Fire-Damaged High-Strength Concrete (화재로 손상된 고강도 콘크리트의 손상 깊이 측정을 위한 수중침지 건조방법의 활용)

  • Kim, Jong;Lim Gun-Su;Beak, Seung-Bok;Han, Min-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.297-308
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    • 2024
  • This study presents a novel approach for evaluating fire-induced damage depth in concrete. The methodology leverages the principle that exposure to high temperatures causes internal expansion within concrete, leading to increased voids and microcracks in the damaged zones. This heightened porosity results in greater absorption rates compared to undamaged areas. By immersing fire-damaged concrete samples in water and subsequently monitoring the drying process, the depth of damage can be assessed. Differences in drying rates and color variations between damaged and undamaged areas serve as visual indicators for determining the extent of the damage. Experimental results from this water immersion method revealed damage depths of 38.7mm and 37.5mm for two different concrete mixtures. These measurements notably surpass the damage depths estimated using traditional phenolphthalein-based methods. This discrepancy suggests that utilizing the absorption rate principle, which is directly linked to the physical changes caused by thermal expansion, offers a more accurate and sensitive assessment of fire damage depth compared to methods relying solely on the presence of Portlandite for colorimetric indication.

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index based on Landsat Images Variations between Artificial and Natural Restoration Areas after Forest Fire (산불 지역 인공·자연복원에 따른 Landsat영상 기반 식생지수 비교)

  • Noh, Jiseon;Choi, Jaeyong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.43-57
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    • 2022
  • This study aims to classify forest fire-affected areas, identify forest types by the intensity of forest fire damage using multi-time Landsat-satellite images before and after forest fires and to analyze the effects of artificial restoration sites and natural restoration sites. The difference in the values of the Normalized Burned Ratio(NBR) before and after forest fire damage not only maximized the identification of forest fire affected and unaffected areas, but also quantified the intensity of forest fire damage. The index was also used to confirm that the higher the intensity of forest fire damage in all forest fire-affected areas, the higher the proportion of coniferous forests, relatively. Monitoring was conducted after forest fires through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), an index suitable for the analysis of effects by restoration type and the NDVI values for artificial restoration sites were found to no longer be higher after recovering the average NDVI prior to the forest fire. On the other hand, the natural restoration site witnessed that the average NDVI value gradually became higher than before the forest fires. The study result confirms the natural resilience of forests and these results can serve as a basis for decision-making for future restoration plans for the forest fire affected areas. Further analysis with various conditions is required to improve accuracy and utilization for the policies, in particular, spatial analysis through forest maps as well as review through site checks before and immediately after forest fires. More precise analysis on the effects of restoration will be available based on a long term monitoring.

Investigation of the Fire Source in the Warehouse under Bridge using FDS Code (FDS code를 이용한 교량하부창고 화재발생원 영향분석)

  • Zi, Goang-Seup;Lee, Seung-Jung;Shin, Yeon-Ho;Shim, Jae-Won;Kim, Ji-Hwan
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.663-673
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we analysed the effect of the fire source in the warehouse under the bridge and the height of the bridge using FDS code. To compare accuracy of simulation results, we simulated the experimental result with unit combustibles which is heptane as well as the mock-up test. Using this method, we evaluated the fire safety of the bridge which contains spalling and strength damage of concrete as well as damage of reinforcements according to the fire source and the height of the bridge. Most of the bridges are vulnerable to spalling of concrete. The book combustion has the strongest fire intensity which is expected to damage the bridge less than 30m height in the three types of the fire sources. The bridge over the 30m height can ensure the fire safety in the case of the rubber combustion.

Assesment of Impaired Depth due to Fire of Mock-up Concrete with 21MPa Using Drying Method After Water Immersion (수중 침지 건조방법을 이용한 21MPa급 Mock-up부재 콘크리트의 화해피해 깊이진단)

  • Lim, Gun Su;Han, Jun Hui;Hyun, Seung Yong;kim, Jong;Han, Min Cheol;Han, Cheon Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2021.05a
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    • pp.241-242
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we develop the damage depth diagnostic technology of fire damage concrete and propose an method of impaired depth due to fire by drying impaired concrete after immersing. Test results indicated that when assesing impared depth due to fire with the dry method after water immersing, impaired depth was clearly found and furthermore, compared with that by Phenolphthalein method 10 mm of damage depth was additionally identified, which is imposible to asses when Phenolphthalein is applied.

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Asessment of Fire Damage Depth of 21MPa-class Concrete Using Thermogravimetric Analysis (열중량분석을 활용한 21MPa급 콘크리트의 화해피해깊이 진단방법 분석)

  • Lim, Gun Su;Han, Soo Hwan;Han, Jun Hui;Yoon, Chee Whan;Han, Min Cheol;Han, Cheon Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2021.05a
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    • pp.243-244
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we develop diagnostic technology for damage depth of fire-damaged concrete and propose methods for damage caused by fire by drying damaged concrete after immersion. As a result of the test, the damaged depth was clearly found when evaluating the depth of impurities caused by fire in a drying method after water had permeated, and it could be verified using thermogravimetric analysis.

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Assesment of Impaired Depth due to Fire of Mock-up Concrete with 40MPa Using Drying Method After Water Immersion (수중 침지 건조방법을 이용한 40MPa Mock-up부재의 화해피해 깊이진단)

  • Lim, Gun Su;Han, Soo Hwan;Baek, Seung Bok;Kim, Jong;Han, Min Cheol;Han, Cheon Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2021.05a
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    • pp.245-246
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we develop the damage depth diagnostic technology of fire damage concrete and propose an method of impaired depth due to fire by drying impaired concrete after immersing. Test results indicated that when assesing impared depth due to fire with the dry method after water immersing, impaired depth was clearly found and furthermore, compared with that by Phenolphthalein method 15 mm of damage depth was additionally identified, which is imposible to asses when Phenolphthalein is applied.

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THE INTEGRATION OF COMPONENTS OF FIRE TECHNOLOGY

  • Marchant, Eric W.
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 1997.11a
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 1997
  • Fire safety systems in large buildings are likely to be complex and may be designed independently of other systems. This means that the interactions and interfaces between the fire safety systems and between the environmental control systems and the fire safety systems may not be carried out properly. Many large, recent buildings have many technological component systems that are used for the control of the environment within the building. Because of the "special" nature of the fire safety systems there is little consideration is given to the possibility systems with a dual function. However, many of the functions of fire safety systems are extensions of systems that provide the day to day control over the internal environment. The present world-wide trend towards the establishment of performance codes, and regulations, will enable the functional design of all systems and thereby allow closer integration of the "ordinary" and "special" systems. Some aspects of the functional and performance characteristics of systems in buildings are introduced and discussed. Special reference is made to the contributions of the systems to the minimisation of fire damage.e minimisation of fire damage.

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Analysis of Fire-Related State Compensation Cases (화재와 관련된 국가배상 사례의 분석)

  • Lee, Eui-Pyeong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.109-117
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    • 2019
  • When those who have caused a fire have no ability to compensate fire victims, the victims tend to charge fire agencies for state compensation to receive damage relief. This study analyzed two state compensation cases related to fires. The findings suggest that if there is a causal relationship between fire damage and mistakes committed by fire officials that are associated with fire prevention or special fire inspections, courts usually decide that fire agencies should compensate fire victims. Despite the introduction of a new article in the Framework Act on Fire-Fighting Services on December 26, 2017, titled "Exemption from Responsibility for Fire-Fighting Activities", exemptions are only available if inevitability of the activity has been proven. However, unlike rescue or first aid activity, inevitability is difficult to prove when it comes to fire inspection activity. Therefore, it is expected that state compensation suits related to fires will not decrease.