• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.321-328
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to describe 3-Dimensional technique to obtain spatial information automatically using PhotoModeler Pro. PhotoModeler Pro is excellent software with the three-dimensional measurement function used by a personal computer using Windows operating system However, it is not sufficient to carry out the automatic matching work with two stereo images. This is very large neck as a 3-D measurement software. In this study, the automatic stereo matching work using the self-making program and DDE interface within PhotoModeler Pro was tried. The experiment field is the hillside and stair zone of Tateyama region, Nagasaki City. The results of automatic stereo matching work were very good with $100\%$ hitting ratio of target.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.464-471
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• 1997

Convective smoke spread in a corridor is experimentally investigated using thermocouples and visualization technique with a laser beam sheet. The speed of smoke front under a ceiling is measured by a series of thermocouples. Visualization of the ceiling jet formation and of smoke filling process is carried out to observe the lowering of a smoke layer. From the results, a large-scale convective motion plays dominant roles for smoke spread in the vicinity of the end of the corridor from visualized photos along with temperature records. The large-scale convective motion of the smoke is generated from the impingement of the ceiling jet front on the end of the corridor, and thus turning the flows toward the floor. Such a circulating motion of fluid transports some smoke to some region where its momentum is effective. It is therefore shown that the conventional concept of lowering smoke in the two-layer zone model has some restrictions for the corridor because the lowering of smoke layer has been thought to be mass transport due to relatively small scale motions such as the decrease of buoyancy, mass diffusion and momentum exchanges.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.133-140
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• 2018

This study is change of the street space of the port city of Yokohama and the transformation process of the canal. modern port city Yokohama is a region that was responsible for the development of East-West maritime transport routes in Japan in the 17th century and the inland transportation through fishing villages and ports. it has also grown rapidly as a regional port and new port. In particular, through the revitalization of trade between foreign settlements and Japanese residents in the port area, the existing fishing area became a modern port city space. Yokohama went through the following process and grew into a modern port city. The construction of the port harbor and the maintenance of existing logistics functions, the formation of the central horizontal axis through maintenance of the fishing village, the construction of the logistics movement route to the inland area through the construction of the canal, the expansion of the horizon for fire prevention and fire restoration, The formation of a new settlement space according to the movement, the transformation of the existing religious axis by the combination of the elaboration and the introduction of modern transportation, and the spatial connection between the inland cities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5820-5825
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to verify the suitability or unsuitability of Korean body types by measuring the opening force criteria of an air pressurized access door to a smoke control zone. The opening force criteria were verified by comparing the NFSC 501A, NFPA 92A and BS-EN 12101-6 based on the body standards information from the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. When measuring the opening forces, the posture of the body should be standing upright and pushing an access door with the right hand, which is a criterion for designing doors. As a result of analyzing the actual measurement results, the pushing force of men and women in their 30's was the maximum value and the forces in those in their 60's was the minimum value. In addition, the deviations in the pushing forces varied considerably. As a result of comparing the NFSC 501A, the men showed lower values than the criteria in every gender and age variable except for the 20's, 30's and 50's variable. A comparison of the criteria of NFPA 92A showed that the mean of the measured values from every gender and age was also lower than the criteria. In addition, when comparing the criteria of BS-EN 12101-6, it was found that the men in every age variable were higher than the criteria. On the other hand, the women in every age variable were lower than the criteria. Therefore, considering the Korean body type against the Western body type, it was decided that the opening force of an access door to a smoke control area to make a downward adjustment should be 110 N in the local criteria. Furthermore, the criteria should consider the characteristics of buildings and users because an optional application of the international standard is not necessarily suitable for local situations.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.409-419
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• 2016

The number of volcanoes erupted during the past ten thousand years(Holocene period) on this planet is known to stand around 1,520. Of those volcanoes, the number of active volcanoes during the six-years and seven-month period(January 2010 through the end of July 2016) is totals 209. These findings show that an average of approximate 90 volcanoes erupted every year since 2010. It is also found that over 90 percent of those active volcanoes took place in the circum-Pacific volcanic belt, which is commonly called 'Ring of Fire'. This status coincides with the distribution maps of active volcanoes on the earth: about 80 percent on subduction zone of the convergence of lithospheric plate; 15 percent on spreading zone; 5 percent on intra-plate zone. The period given in this research during 350 weeks, the following three volcanoes showed a frequency of more than 300 times eruption: Kilauea(Hawaii, USA, 338 times), Sheveluch(Kamchatka, Russia, 337 times), and Aira(Kyushu, Japan, 301 times). According to the survey conducted during the given period, there is no conspicuous increase in the frequency of volcano activities. It rather shows that volcanic eruptions took place almost evenly every year.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2019

Volcanic activity, which can read to various danger and hazards to human life, has been part of the Earth's history for a long time. There are approximately 1,520 volcanoes during the Holocene period (about 10,000 years ago) that have been active on Earth. Recently, there are about 210 volcanoes have been recorded since 2010. Meanwhile, there are 83 known active volcanoes in 2018 based on the USGS data. Approximately 80-90 volcanoes are active on Earth for over a year. More than 90% of these volcanoes are located on the circum-Pacific volcanic belt, commonly known as 'Ring of Fire'. This high number of active volcanoes within this area coincides with the distribution maps of active volcanoes on the earth: about 80% on subduction zone of the convergent plate boundaries; 15% on divergent plate boundaries and 5% on intra-plate zone. Five volcanoes are most active during the survey period of 51 weeks: 50 times in Aira (Japan), 49 times in Sabankaya (Peru), 49 times in Sheveluch (Russia), 44 times in Ebeko (Russia) and 40 times in Kirishimayama (Japan). Based on the available data about volcanic activity, there is no significant change in volcanic activity and similar levels of volcanic activity is observed every year.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.479-492
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to accurately analyze the damage of bridges in order to determine whether fire bridges can be used continuously or to provide information on maintenance augmentation data. Method: XRD, SEM and EDS analyzes of concrete were carried out to estimate the fire temperature transferred to the structure, and analyzed by depth and area from PSCI beam and bottom plate concrete surface. Results: Test results G_12,11 for the fire zone concrete were confirmed to be affected by heat up to depth of 60mm and the temperature of the hydrothermal heat was above 1000℃. Also, the girder G_10,9,8 was relatively weakly damaged compared to G_12,11, and the degree of damage was confirmed to be affected by heat up to a depth of 40 mm. Conclusion: Based on the analyzed data, it is considered that if the repair / reinforcement and periodic inspection are carried out, the bridge can secure sufficient safety even considering the damage caused by the fire.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

The study is based on machine learning techniques to increase the accuracy of the forest fire predictive model. It used 14 years of data from 2003 to 2016 in Gang-won-do where forest fire were the most frequent. To reduce weather data errors, Gang-won-do was divided into nine areas and weather data from each region was used. However, dividing the forest fire forecast model into nine zones would make a large difference between the date of occurrence and the date of not occurring. Imbalance issues can degrade model performance. To address this, several sampling methods were applied. To increase the accuracy of the model, five indices in the Canadian Frost Fire Weather Index (FWI) were used as derived variable. The modeling method used statistical methods for logistic regression and machine learning methods for random forest and xgboost. The selection criteria for each zone's final model were set in consideration of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and the prediction of the nine zones resulted in 80 of the 104 fires that occurred, and 7426 of the 9758 non-fires. Overall accuracy was 76.1%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Energy industry facilities can cause fatal damage for internal industry employee as well as external general people because handling various kinds of gas and harmful substance might be spread to large scale severe accident by fire, explosion, and toxic gas leakage. In order to prevent these accidents, quantification by damage effect on structure and human is tried by using quantitative risk assessment, but it is difficult to process instantly exceptional cases and requires knowledge of expert. This paper aims to minimize exceptional cases and knowledge of expert, and present risk with human perceptible. So, we designed and developed zone-base risk analysis system that can compute risk of zone in real time at that point using database and incremental model.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

The wide use of metal dusts have been found in industrial field and many dust explosion accidents occur by fire spread of dust layer. In this study, we developed a new experimental device to examine fire and explosion characteristics of the dust layer. Aspects of the burning zone over metals(Mg, Zr, Ta, Ti, etc) and PMMA(Polymethyl methacrylate) dust layers have been investigated experimentally to clarify behaviors (Spread rate and quenching distance) and effects of $N_2$ surrounding gas on the fire spread over metal dust layers. From the experimental result, it was found that the spread rate of metal dusts is larger than PMMA, the dependability of spread rate over the thickness of dust layer is small, and the minimum oxygen concentration of spread flame over Mg dust layer is 3.6-3.7 vol%. Since high correlation between the spread rate and the reciprocal of quenching distance was seen, relative risk prediction in those inflammable parameters can be predicted.