• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2009

The 180 minutes fire test based on the standard curve of ISO-834 were conducted on three RC column specimens with different constant axial loading ratios to evaluate the fire performance of fiber cocktail (polypropylene+steel fiber) reinforced high strength concrete column. The columns were tested under three loading levels as 40%, 50%, and 61% of the design load. No explosive spalling has been observed and the original color of specimen surface has been changed to light pinkish grey. The maximum axial displacements of three specimens were 1.5~2.2 mm. There was no reduction in load bearing capacity of each specimen exposed to fire and no effect were observed on the fire performance within 61% of the design load. The tendencies of the results with loading, such as the temperature distribution of in concrete and the changes in temperature rise due to the water vaporization in concrete, are very similar to those without loading. The final temperatures of steel rebar after 180 minutes of fire test resulted in 491.4${^{\circ}C}$ for corner rebar, 329.0${^{\circ}C}$ for center rebar, and 409.8${^{\circ}C}$ for total mean of steel rebar. The difference of mean temperature between corner and center rebar was 153.7${^{\circ}C}$ㅍ. The tendency of temperature rise in concrete and steel rebar changed after 30~50 minutes from the starting time of the fire test because the heat energy influx into corner rebar is larger than that into center rebar. The cause of decrease in temperature rise was due to the water vaporization in concrete, the lower temperature gradient of the concrete with steel and polypropylene fiber cocktails, the moisture movement toward steel rebars and the moisture clogging.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2003

In the Local Autonomy Law, we regard the fire-fighting service as inherent service for the local government. However, if we look into the course of the charge of fire-fighting service, after the transfer of this from the police service, or the state, to the local service in 1991, this is now taking a firm hold as service of the local government. what we call the local services includes the business about the welfare of the residents and that of taking in charge of the resident properties, proclaimed in the Constitution. That is to say, the basic purpose of the local autonomy is to make the residents feel the most convenient and safe, and this is the mission of the present-day local autonomy. Looking from this point of view, if we consider that the ultimate purpose of fire-fighting is promoting the welfare of the residents by preventing and putting out fires and, in the time of emergency, carrying out rescue and relief operations, and furthermore, maintaining the safety and order of a society, until present time the benefits of fire-fighting business were mainly available to the residents of the cities. In order to break from these thoughts, according to the result of comparing and analyzing the metropolitan city, surrounding rural areas, middle and small cities and typical rural areas, the rural areas are urgently demanding fire-fighting service, so it is being proved that it is necessary to install the offices in these areas. Therefore, the installation of the fire-fighting offices in the counties that are the basic units of the primary local autonomy and are rural areas should be expanded as part of the welfare administration.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

Distributed Denial of service attack is one of the major threats nowadays especially to the government infrastructure that give huge impact to the reputation and interrupt the services and resource. Our survey start with brief introduction about DDoS attacks, we illustrate the trends and incident happened at government from various countries. We then provide an extensive literature review on the existing research about implication, types of attacks and initiative to defence against the DDoS attacks. Our discussion aims to identify the trends in DDoS attacks, in depth impact of DDoS attacks to government infrastructure, classification of attacks and techniques against the attacks. And we will use for a fire fight safety and management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2011

GPS 기반의 위치관제 시스템은 현재 교통, 물류관제, 보험, 보안 등 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 재난 재해관리를 방재 분야에서도 다양한 형태의 위기 상황에 대응하기 위해 재난 재해 종류 및 규모별로 다양한 정보자원을 이용해야 하고 인적 물적 자원을 활용하여 빠르게 대응해야 한다. 특히 산불, 산사태, 태풍, 홍수해 등의 광역의 자연재해뿐만 아니라 주요시설물 및 문화재 등의 인위적 재난 방재 분야에서도 중앙정부 차원의 U-ICT기술을 이용한 실시간 통합 예방 대응관리 시스템이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 스마트 폰 및 GPS-CDMA단말기를 이용한 산불을 사례로 한 '자연재해관제시스템' 개발과 함께 문화재를 대상으로 한 'LBS기반 문화재위험관리시스템'에 대한 구현 방법에 대하여 제안하며 기존의 인적 자원과 물적 자원의 총괄적인 관리와 차세대 문화재 위험관리 시스템 구축 방향을 제시하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 2010

This study aimed to develop a prehospital protocol on CPR to patients with nontraumatic cardiac arrest for emergency medical technicians. For the purpose, we prepared a protocol based on preliminary items and demonstrated its validity to confirm a final protocol from March 1, 2007- August 30. 2008. The practical CPR protocol on cardiac arrest victims can be used as means to support quick and exact decision-making on CPR, which will contribute to enhancement of emergency medical services.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.459-462
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• 2008

The fact that the major cases of life casualties are from smoke in the fire accidents and the expected steep increase of skyscrapers, huge spaces, multiplexes and huge scaled underground spaces demand establishment of efficient smoke countermeasure. The architectural factors affecting the pressure field of building should be examined for the successful design and operation of smoke management system and the stack effect is one of the important factors. The field experiments on stack effect in stairwells of high-rise building with regard to open/close condition of door are carried out to evaluate the features of pressure applied to door between each compartments, i.e, stair, lobby and accommodation. The procedures and results of experiments are presented.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.463-467
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• 2008

The fact that the major cases of life casualties are from smoke in the fire accidents and the expected steep increase of skyscrapers, huge spaces, multiplexes and huge scaled underground spaces demand establishment of efficient smoke countermeasure. The field experiments on pressure differential systems for smoke management in two high buildings of 20 stories and 21 stories are carried out to evaluate the features of airflow through open door between accommodation and lobby. The procedures and results of experiments are presented.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.458-462
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• 2008

The fact that the major cases of life casualties are from smoke in the fire accidents and the expected steep increase of skyscrapers, huge spaces, multiplexes and huge scaled underground spaces demand establishment of efficient smoke countermeasure. The core technology for development of smoke management system is analysis tool of fan used in pressure differential system. The experiments on performance of sirroco-typed fan are carried out to evaluate the features of fan and present the experimental data for numerical analysis.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.463-468
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• 2008

The fact that the major cases of life casualties are from smoke in the fire accidents and the expected steep increase of skyscrapers, huge spaces, multiplexes and huge scaled underground spaces demand establishment of efficient smoke countermeasure. In pressure differential systems for smoke management, the speed of airflow through open door between accommodation and lobby should be maintained over 0.5m/s on the whole area of door to prevent smoke from infiltrate into evacuation root when the door is open for refuge. The numerical analysis on features of airflow through open door are carried out and the results are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate the fire fighter image through disaster movies in Korea and other countries. From September 1 to 7, 2016, the movie search methods were carried out using movie title and key words via Wikipedia and various internet web sites from 1903 to 2016. The results included that the fire fighters had been considered as the precious person of volunteer activity regarding fire suppression, investigators, and self-sacrifice. Through the convergence and integration review of the disaster movie, this research suggested that the national based establishment of the welfare and safety system for the posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and critical incident stress management(CISM) education program. This study will provide the basic data for the development of welfare and safety management for the fire fighters and let the people know the sacrifice of the fire fighters including the motto, "First in and the last out".