• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 2010

The study performed an actual fire experiment in order to propose the heat release rate of automobile that is the most basic architectural element for the fire safety design in a tunnel, whose importance has been recognized as the underground traffic tunnels are planned in Korean metropolitan cities. The heat release rate of a van is measured by the large scale calorimeter, in which the law of oxygen consumption is applied, and the fire expansion characteristics in a tunnel by placing two passenger cars nearby one another in the tunnel. As the results, the heat release rate of the van was revealed to be 5.9 MW, and carbon monoxide was emitted 482 ppm at a maximum. In case of two passenger car experiment for the fire expansion characteristics, the adjacent car was ignited about 3 minutes 30 seconds after the fire occurrence, and the complete fire was developed after 15 minutes. The maximum heat release was 9 MW. The results from the actual fire experiment can be an important input data for future quantitative analysis as well as an element applicable to a tunnel disaster preventive equipment design.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.10-19
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• 2014

The fast evacuation from fire floors to evacuation floors in high-rise building fires can minimize the human damage. In this study, an evacuation instrument, which are applicable to the high-rise buildings of adaptable escape mechanisms by the current NFSC 301 (national fire safety code 301), were selected to analyze the applicability in the high-rise buildings over 11th floor through the site adaptability test. The results of the site test were as follows. The elevator type evacuation instrument of new concept developed as a new technology by compensating the defect of evacuation instrument limiting in the high-rise buildings over 11th floor had completed the stability test and the performance certification test in fire stations, which there were no problems in the introduction of the elevator type evacuation instrument as an escape mechanism in the high-rise buildings. The elevator type evacuation instrument using escapers' weight without using electric power was an escape mechanism that many people could evacuate in a short period of time when a fire broke out in the high-rise buildings. In particular, The elevator type evacuation instrument operated by nonpower had the adaptability as a customized escape mechanism considering user characteristics in the buildings for the disabled or patients with an advanced disease.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.421-441
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• 2005

The present work reports on a numerical simulation of a compartment fire. The fire was modeled using a simplified approach, where combustion is simulated as a volumetric heat release. Computations were performed with the commercial code CFX 5.6. Radiation was modeled with a differential approximation (P1 model), while turbulence effects upon the mean gas flow were dealt with a SST turbulence model. Simulations were carried out using a transient approach, starting at the onset of ignition. Results are provided for the temperature field time evolution, thus allowing a direct comparison with the analytical and experimental data. The high spatial resolution available for the results proved to be of great utility for a more detailed analysis of the thermal impact on the steel structure.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.48-54
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• 2004

The present study investigates the fire development characteristics on a Ro-Ro ferry vehicle using the modified FDS code considering droplet break-up. Numerical simulations are compared with model-scale tests for validation of field model. The predicted results such as smoke layer temperature and oxygen concentration are in good agreement with model-scale tests. Also, it is shown that water spray systems are very effective to control the fire development on a vehicle deck. These numerical simulations using a field model may be helpful in accomplishing the fire safety for marine vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.167-170
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• 2010

This study is aiming at analyzing correlation between flashover's time and maximum smoke production rate's time on sandwich panel specimens. For this analysis, KS F ISO 137481-1 has been performed for 23 kinds of sandwich panels which mainly consist of EPS, PIR, PUR, Glass wool and so on. KS F ISO 13784-1 represents real scale reaction-to-fire test and focuses on measuring flashover phenomenon rather than other tests as like ISO 5660-1 and SBI.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the direction of improvement of safety experience education through the analysis of the evacuation time experiment. For the study, test subjects were divided into groups of similar body size and weight. The test subjects were directly experienced four evacuation devices, and the experience time was measured. As a result of the analysis of the total time from the installation of the evacuation device to the escape, the time was measured in the order of Descending Life Line-Tilt-Down Rescue Line-Vertical Escape Chute-air safety mat. In the case of evaluating the evacuation time using evacuation mechanisms, the evacuation time was measured in the order of air safety mat-Tilt-Tilt-Down Rescue Line-Descending Life Line-Vertical Escape Chute. In the first and second experiments of the Descending Life Line, time differences were observed. The escape time using the Descending Life Line was reduced in the second experiment than in the first experiment. As shown in this result, education through experience has shown that behavioral confidence and time can be managed. The conclusion of this study is that the goal of safety education is to minimize human life and property damage. Therefore, in order to bring this effect to more people, it is necessary to make efforts to keep self-safe through experiential education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.26-31
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to measure the induced voltage of the downscaled and simulated overhead ground wire of a 22.9kV-Y distribution line. This study performed a test of the downscaled and simulated distribution line according to whether it is grounded or not and the value of the ground resistance. In order to verify the reliability of the data measured by the test, the data was analyzed using the Minitab 17 program. It was found that the induced voltage of the downscaled and simulated distribution line is influenced by the value of the ground resistance. It was also found that the ground resistance obtained at a certain point is closely related to whether electric poles are grounded or not. The analysis results of the measured test data with a statistical method showed that the Anderson Darling (AD) was analyzed to be the smallest as 0.188 when the ground resistance of the electric poles had been maintained at $10{\Omega}$. In addition, the P value analyzed to be 0.894 which is in the proximity of the theoretical value of 1 and verified the reliability of the test data. It could be seen that the data measured by the downscaled simulation test forms a linear graph. It is thought that if a distribution line is installed in the same manner as the downscaled, simulated distribution line, the mean induced voltage will be reduced and reliability will be increased.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2020

It is very difficult to suppress fire by rapid flame spread through flue space between flammable commodities on the rack when a fire occurs in the rack storage. At present, the fire protection system for rack storage in Korea has many issues, and the new fire protection system was designed and developed by it. A smart system using the sensor network and artificial intelligence was designed to detect fire very rapidly and track the location of a fire. In the very early stages, the system was constructed using vertical open sprinkler pipes, wet pipes, and solenoid valves to allow water to spray near fire locations. Based on the design results, the system was installed and tested, and the full-scale test was successfully completed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

A rack-type warehouse has the advantage of storing a large amount in a small area by loading goods vertically. But in terms of fire risk, the fire load is very high, which can cause massive damage in the event of a fire. In the United States, research has been actively conducted to minimize the spread of vertical fires, and relevant standards have been established and operated. In Korea, research and related standards are insufficient to prevent the vertical spread of rack-type warehouse fires. In this study, an experimental study was conducted to prevent the vertical spread of a rack-type warehouse fire using a horizontal barrier and in-rack sprinklers. As a result of the test, the horizontal barrier considering the continuous flame prevented the vertical spread of the flame for a certain time. However, the horizontal barrier with continuous flame did not show the effect of preventing continuous flame. The combination of the horizontal barrier and the in-rack sprinkler prevented the vertical spread of fire effectively. In addition, the heat collecting effect through the horizontal barrier was shown and helped the early operation of the in-rack sprinklers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2012

A real A real scale fire test was performed in accordance with KS F ISO 9705 test method to investigate the combustion characteristics of glass wool sandwich panels. To do this, six kinds of specimens having different density and thickness were examined. The glass sandwich panels were installed inside the room, which had internal dimensions of 2.4 m wide${\times}3.6m$ deep${\times}2.4m$ high. also, combustion characteristic are determined through the exposure of specimens to flame by the propane gas burner has a capacity of 100 kW (10 minutes) and 300 kW (10 minutes) for total 25 minutes of test time. Results of the real sale fire test, it was found that maximum HRR of each specimen was 333.2~365.5 kW, maximum heat flux was 12.4~12.9 kW/$m^2$ And, maximum internal temperature for all specimens was not over $500^{\circ}C$. During the real scale fire test, flash-over didn't occur and the difference by density and thickness of specimen was not found from the results of HRR, heat flux, and internal temperature measurement.