• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.2941-2959
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• 2022

The fire brigade non-suppression probability model is a major factor that should be considered in evaluating fire-induced risk through fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), and also uncertainty is a critical consideration in support of risk-informed performance-based (RIPB) fire protection decision-making. This study developed an optimal integrated probabilistic fire brigade non-suppression model considering uncertainty of parameters based on the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach on electrical fire which is one of the most risk significant contributors. The result shows that the log-normal probability model with a location parameter (µ) of 2.063 and a scale parameter (σ) of 1.879 is best fitting to the actual fire experience data. It gives optimal model adequacy performance with Bayesian information criterion (BIC) of -1601.766, residual sum of squares (RSS) of 2.51E-04, and mean squared error (MSE) of 2.08E-06. This optimal log-normal model shows the better performance of the model adequacy than the exponential probability model suggested in the current fire PRA methodology, with a decrease of 17.3% in BIC, 85.3% in RSS, and 85.3% in MSE. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to the improvement and securement of fire PRA realism in the support of decision-making for RIPB fire protection programs.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

한국의 실내장식재로는 대부분 벽지를 사용하고 있다. 이러한 주거공간에 화재발생시 화재 확대요인중의 하나는 벽지의 연소를 통해 이루어진다. 그동안 산소지수 관련연구들이 많이 이루어져 왔지만 상온에서의 연구가 많았다. 본 연구에서는 실내화재에서 화재의 확대요인이 될 수 있는 벽지의 산소지수가 상온과 고온에서 얼마나 차이가 발생하며 이러한 차이가 화재확대에 미치는 영향을 고찰하고자 하였다. 실험을 통해 LOI 및 TOI 측정한 결과 벽지의 상온과 고온에서의 산소지수는 $5{\sim}8%$정도의 차이가 나타났다. 실험에서 산소지수 0.1%의 차이로도 연소 길이에 현저한 차이가 나타나기 때문에 고온에서의 산소지수 감소가 화재확대에 큰 영향을 미치는 요인임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2013

스프링클러설비의 화재안전기준 중 불합리한 것에 대하여 개정할 것을 제안을 하였다. 배관의 용어 중 "수평주행배관"의 용어정의를 추가하도록 하였으며 "격자형배관방식"에 대한 정의를 수정하도록 제안하였다. 스프링클러헤드의 소화수 방출압력을 규정한 조항을 합리적으로 운영하기 위하여 NFPA 13의 스케줄방식의 최소 유량과 압력기준을 확인하였고 이와 유사한 최소 요구량 기준을 제정할 것을 제안하였다. 압력수조의 평상 시 유지 압력 산출식을 바르게 개정할 것을 제시하였으며 압력단위의 변화에 의한 올바른 K값의 사용을 제시하였고 기존의 K값 등을 사용하기 위하여 압력단위를 [bar]를 사용할 것을 제안하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.1925-1929
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• 2007

This paper is studied on a novel Electric Safety Protection Device (ESPD) of high speed for incapable operation of Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELB) and Molded_case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) using the low voltage distribution line. The major causes of electrical fire are classified to short circuit fault, overload fault, electric leakage and electric contact failure. The occurrence factor of the fire is electric arc or spark accompanied with electrical faults. Residual Current Protective Device (RCD), that is ELB and MCCB, of high sensitivity type used at low voltage wiring cuts off earth leakage and overload, but the RCD can't cut off electric arc or spark to be a major factor of electrical fire. As the RCDs which are applied low voltage distribution panel are prescribed to rated breaking time about 30[ms] (KS C 4613), the RCDs can't perceive to the periodic electric arc or spark of more short wavelength level. To be improved on such problem, this research development is proposed to a novel ESPD of high speed to trip of distribution line on electric arc or spark due to electrical fire. Some experimental results of the proposed ESPD are confirmed to the validity of the analytical results.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.876-880
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• 2013

The major causes of electrical fire are classified to short circuit fault, overload fault, electric leakage and electric contact failure. The principal factor of the fire is electric arc or spark accompanied with such electric faults. Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELB) and Molded_case Circuit Breaker (MCCB), that is, Residual Current Protective Devices (RCDs) used on low voltage distribution lines cut off earth leakage and overload, but the RCD can not cut off electric arc or spark to be a major factor of electrical fire. As the RCDs which are applied in low voltage distribution panel are prescribed to rated breaking time about 30[ms] (KS C 4613), the RCDs can't perceive to the periodic electric arc or spark of more short wavelength level. To improve such problems, this paper studies on an arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) using the distorted voltage wave in electric arc faults. The proposed voltage sensing type AFCI is an electrical fire prevention apparatus of new conception that operates a circuit breaker with sensing the instantaneous voltage drop of line voltage at electrical faults occurrence. The proposed AFCI is composed of control circuit topology using some semiconductor switching devices. Some experimental tests of the proposed AFCI confirm practicality and the validity of the analytical results.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.574-577
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• 2006

In this paper, we developed a forest fire detection algorithm which uses a regression function between NDVI and land surface temperature. Previous detection algorithms use the land surface temperature as a main factor to discriminate fire pixels from non-fire pixels. These algorithms assume that the surface temperatures of non-fire pixels are intrinsically analogous and obey Gaussian normal distribution, regardless of land surface types and conditions. And the temperature thresholds for detecting fire pixels are derived from the statistical distribution of non-fire pixels’ temperature using heuristic methods. This assumption makes the temperature distribution of non-fire pixels very diverse and sometimes slightly overlapped with that of fire pixel. So, sometimes there occur omission errors in the cases of small fires. To ease such problem somewhat, we separated non-fire pixels into each land cover type by clustering algorithm and calculated the residuals between the temperature of a pixel under examination whether fire pixel or not and estimated temperature of the pixel using the linear regression between surface temperature and NDVI. As a result, this algorithm could modify the temperature threshold considering land types and conditions and showed improved detection accuracy.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2007

본 연구는 원자력발전소의 방화지역에 대한 화재위험을 전산유체역학모델인 FDS를 이용하여 평가한 내용이다. 원자로 안전정지를 유지하기 위한 스위치기어실이 화재지역으로 선정되었으며, 화재 시나리오는 가상 화재조건을 기준으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 화재 모델링의 주요 입력항목인 열 발생율과 분석 모델 격자 크기를 변경한 경우 프로그램에 의하여 나타나는 결과값의 민감도를 분석하는 것이다. 그 결과는 전산유체역학모델에서 개선이 필요한 항목과 함께 결론에 제시되었다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

The prevention of disasters in cultural property is very important management and historical duties. The reason can't be measured values with monetary scale of our contemporary. Therefore, this paper was considered fire-safety as one of terrible threat-disasters about the wooden buildings. This research deal with 47 cases cultural property wooden building by whole investigation(field survey and interview) in Gangnung province. The most buildings have basic fire extinguisher; ABC powder. A few buildings are rarely installed fire extinguishing equipments; outdoor fire hydrant, heat sensor, ground sprinkler, CO2-hose-reel. But these state is very insufficient for the fire-safety in cultural property wooden buildings. Specially as particular attention in province, forest fire of regional characteristic have close relation with cultural property fire. The majority of factor against forest and building fire is to provide monitoring and security system; CCTV, Fence, Sensor, Alarm and paid guard man against incendiary. Ultimately it is necessary to construct comprehensive disaster prevention system with the organic cooperation such as National Emergency Management Agency, Cultural Heritage Administration, Forest Service, local government officials and regional citizen.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2007

GIS 및 공간통계기법을 이용하여 도심내의 화재현상에 대한 분석을 실시하고 예측지도의 제작기법을 개발하였다. 즉 지난 5년간($2001{\sim}2005$)의 화재 데이터와 대구지역 인문환경요소와의 상관관계를 규명하였고, 화재의 불확정성의 특성을 방안분석 및 포아송 확률분포로 해석하여 화재위험예측지도를 시범 제작하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 다중이용업소의 화재사고 이후 시행된 개선대책에도 불구하고 화재발생과 인명피해가 지속적으로 증가하는 근원적인 문제점이 무엇인지를 조사하였고, 다중이용업소의 공간 및 영업형태적 특성에 따른 방화관리측면에서 문제점 및 취약요인을 설문조사를 통하여 분석하였다. 이와 같은 분석을 토대로 방화관리체제의 명확화, 업주 또는 직원 등 관계인에 대한 소방안전교육 및 훈련 방안 등을 연구하여 효율적인 다중이용업소의 제도개선 방안을 제안하였다.