• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

Due to the complicated plan structure of the apartment units and the improved room-to-room sound insulation performance, it is difficult to communicate and recognize the fire situation by emergency broadcast equipment. In this study, speech intelligibility was measured and analyzed for three types of apartment unit by emergency broadcast equipment on various measurement points. Simulations were also conducted to improve the speech intelligibility. As a result of field measurements 72, 84, and 101 Type were not satisfied with NFSC standard of 90 dBA at the point of 1 m distance from source. In addition, it was evaluated that 75 dBA and CIS 0.7 of NFPA standard was not satisfied at all measurement points except for the 72 Type at living room point with door opened condition. Based on the door opened condition of the bedroom, it satisfied the NFPA of 75 dBA and CIS 0.7 in each bedroom when more than 90 dBA was satisfied at the 1 m separation point provided in NFSC standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.511-519
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• 2007

This study provides comprehensive design improvements covering technical issues concerning life safety matter In case of fire train stoppage in the middle of a tunnel. Recently Government announced that most of subway platforms will have screen doors in 3 years. Therefore, many fire safety engineers considered that they may contribute on life safety on train stoppage in tunnel. Especially The screen door can protect platform from smoke along tunnel ceiling when fire train stopped in tunnel. The study showed that platform ventilation ducts and the a tunnel ventilation chimney in the middle of tunnel in exiting subway tunnel could not guarantee life safety ability in terms of RSET vs. ASET comparison. Furthermore during evacuation process many peoples may be threatened from the smoke spread from the origin of fire. Although only additional vertical route can be installed in tunnels In order to decrease RSET, it will costs high or no spaces remains in outside on the road. The study suggested that increase of ASET can be best solution without additional escape route, therefore alternative design methods suggested on the base of simulation results. Finally the study shows alternative methods can give good result in terms of evacuation performance evaluation. The evacuation performance evaluation helps the decision-maker to determine the preferred alternatives or upgrades to existing tunnel infrastructure and other measure to meet safety objectives. Finally, the study details the effectiveness of measures the can be taken to reduce the risk of incidents in subway tunnels.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.941-946
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• 2006

It followed in system development and SMRT(Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Co)System reached to an automatic train operation(ATO) and driverless operation(DLM) from the manual operation due to the train driver. The train like the general bus or the car vehicle was not serial riding in a car and the Parallel concept which the numerous passenger rides in a car simultaneously occur frequently the charge of the train driver unmanned bitterly from existing manual handling was a possibility of doing, train open door control(ODM) which bites also ATO, it handles it minimized. Like this ATO/DLM, the control system which bites being a Wayside to Train communication for immediacy, it is a system of the Vital concept the immediacy of the citizen Data evil the radio information transmission and the train of the interface which is accurate from unmanned operation and, will decipher, will accomplish it will guarantee. It respects the passenger accident prevention and an air question environment improvement from subway platform and phul leys the screen door of Platform(PSD) with the fire tube frost it refers and part it treats and to sleep it does, ODM which bites is accuracy and immediacy of altitude and when seeing from the viewpoint which demands the trust of altitude, ODM system the trust of car incest interface in the equipment construction which is safe and the comparative analysis back of the system analysis against the control which bites and case study and other subway system it leads from the research which it sees and signal - train in base grudge to sleep it contributes it does.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 2010

This essay aims to look into the possibility and limit of a technological fix with the PSD (platform screen door), which was proposed as the solution of subway risk problems. Subway risk problems may be classified into five categories-on-rail accidents, in-station accidents, platform accidents, spatial risks in underground, and risks due to a crime or terror-, and the platform accidents, which happens at the interface between the rail and the station, is the most serious and prominent. The PSD is considered as an effective technical means to prevent platform accidents. However, there remains a possibility of aggravating unexpected and invisible risks. When a fire breaks out in platforms, especially at exchange stations during the rush hour, the PSD can become a "wall of outcrying", since it may act as the "safety shutter" which killed many people in the 2003 Daegu subway disaster. This is why we need to look into the limit of a technological fix with the PSD.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.565-572
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• 2008

It is a trend to increase safekeeping properties in financial company as the world economy situation has been globalized and advanced. The development of a securable vault door resisting to malicious trespass is needed. Therefore, this study focuses on developing high performance concrete placed at the inside of the vault door, and all materials used in this study is easy to obtain in domestic considering economic competitiveness. The compressive strength over 170 MPa was targeted, and structurally strengthening was also planned in order to resist to over $3,000^{\circ}C$ heating by torch and extreme impact loading by hammer drilling machine. Several types of fibers and reinforcing structures were used in order to resist those external heating and loading. This purpose was required to satisfy UL 608 standard of a vault door. Consequently, the result from this study is expected to be applied to construction field of major facilities, which should guarantee the safety from an external attack such as terror.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

Carbon dioxide principally extinguishes fires by smothering, but an acceptable amount of extinguishing agent is needed. To assure the performance of carbon dioxide systems in Korea, computer programs certified by NEMA are being applied in system design. But the design errors can occur because the geometry of a model test facility is not the same as that of the actual fire area. Since the discharge rate tends to vary considerably with the flow pattern in a pipe, an on-site discharge test is necessary to ensure the performance of the system, especially with low pressure carbon dioxide. Technical standards for carbon dioxide systems do not give detailed guidelines for discharge tests at present. Based on comparative analysis of standards and practical tests, this paper suggests a methodology for on-site discharge tests.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2013

This study is experimentally analyzed to extract the major parameters affecting the performance of the smoke-control system and the relations of pressure difference between vestibule and supply air pressure zone effect of supply mass flow rate and leakage area in the smoke-control zone. To obtain this, the mock-up building of three-story scale with a total of 10 compartments was constructed, and several apparatus were also installed for in-situ measurement of the ventilation flow rate, pressure difference between compartments, smoke defensive air velocity, the opening-closing force of door, etc. This article show that pressure difference in the smoke-control zone is significantly related with leakage area of vestibule in low pressure region, leakage area of supply air pressure in over pressure region and both of them in pressure control region when the pressure control range of damper is 45 Pa~55 Pa.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.765-778
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to prevent fire accidents in advance by deriving prior knowledge among groups about temporary fire-fighting facilities of workers at construction sites and devising appropriate improvement measures. The findings are as follows.First, in the case of fire extinguishers, statistical attention was paid to the contractor, supervisor, partner worker and fire extinguisher manager between designations. 87% of fire managers and 70% of facility supervisors said fire extinguisher management managers needed to be designated for each type of construction, which requires designation of fire extinguisher management managers, frequently checking and relocating. Second, in the case of simple fire extinguishing facilities, statistical attention was paid to the application of penalties for unauthorized use of fire extinguishing facilities with construction companies, supervisors, and business partners.Third, in the case of emergency alarm measures, statistical attention was paid to the application of emergency alarm sound to temporary broadcasting facilities with construction works, supervisors, and business partners.Fourth, in the case of induction, statistical attention was paid to the application of connection between construction works, supervisors, and partner workers, such as passage guidance, emergency lighting, etc.It was found that 65% of construction workers and 55% of electrical workers had different applications such as aisle guidance and emergency lighting for each type of business partner. In order to resolve blind spots such as evacuation zone guidance due to the structure of the building, it is necessary to easily distinguish the direction of the entrance door from a long distance by applying it in conjunction with passage guidance lights and emergency lighting.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2018

To reduce the number of casualties in the case of fire, an alarm sound needs to be delivered to the people who remain in the apartment unit. On the other hand, it was reported that the fire alarm sound generated in the elevator hall was not delivered sufficiently to the people staying in the apartment units. In this study, the background noise level and noise level generated in an apartment unit were measured during the day and night time. In addition, the transmission of the fire alarm sound into the each room of apartment units was simulated and compared with the background noise level. The fire alarm sound generated in the elevator halls was reduced by the fire door and doors, and was not transmitted sufficiently into the internal spaces of the apartment units. Starting evacuation action was difficult after hearing the fire alarm sound generated outside the apartment units. To improve the transmission of an alarm sound to the inner spaces of apartment units, an acoustic simulation was carried out for cases where the alarm sound generator was installed on a wall-pad in the living room and the alarm sound generator was installed on the ceiling of each rooms in apartment units. Background noise of + 15 dB and 75 dB (A) were satisfied when alarm sound generator was installed on the ceiling of each room.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.539-552
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• 2022

In the case of train stations, due to the specificity of underground spaces with limited smoke emissions, if appropriate removal equipment is not equipped, the damage caused by fire smoke may increase in the event of a fire. As a result, the need for measures to ensure the safety of evacuation of underground stations has been highlighted, and research for safe evacuation of platform users in case of fire is continuously being conducted at home and abroad. However, although the smoke removal area is currently divided by smoke boundary walls and platform screen doors (PSD) and installed in the train platform, standards for smoke removal methods (air supply or exhaust) for each fire removal area, that is, smoke removal mode, are not presented. In this study, fire analysis and evacuation analysis were performed to estimate the number of deaths and to derive F/N guidance in order to quantitatively evaluate the fire risk according to the fire station fire, and the total risk was the lowest in the case of fire area exhaust and supply to adjacent areas.