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Study on Attribute of the Time and Change of the Qi of Meridians(經氣) according to the Cycle (시간속성과 주기(週期)에 따른 경기(經氣).오유혈(五兪穴) 변화에 대한 연구)

  • Choi, Yong-Dae;Kim, Byoung-Soo;Kang, Jung-Soo
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2010
  • In Neijing("內經"), it explains heaven, earth, four seasons(天地四時) take part in human's birth, it gives influence on life support, and have organic relationship between body and movement of sun and earth(日月運行) of heaven and earth. Human body and the natural world corresponds, so the time changes in the natural world give immediate influence to human body, and correspond changes happen inside human body. This has no exception in qi of human(人氣), meridians, the viscera and organs(臟腑) and so on. In time, there are many kinds of cycles such as year, month, 10 days and a day. Yin and yang and the five elements in each cycle shows changes of prosperity and decay and transformation. In a year, there are spring, summer, late summer, fall and winter which are each included to wood, fire, earth, metal and water. Spring and summer belong to yang(陽), and fall and winter belong to yin(陰). A day can be divided into the crowing of the cook, dawn, noon, and twilight. After midnight yin falls and yang rises(陰盡陽生), and after noon yang falls and yin rises(陽盡陰生). Ups and downs of the qi and blood and human body change with time and the region of whereabout is different. In one month, when the moon is full qi of blood rises and when the moon comes down qi of blood falls. The qi of meridian(經氣) has a periodical changes with regular movement in meridian. This is a result of continuing movement of meridian and the nutrient(營) and the defense(衛) in human body, stars correspond with ups, and correspond with flow of water of meridian(經水) with downs. In a day the twelve meridians(十二經脈) in hour of yin(hours 3~5), it starts with qi and blood of lung meridian(手太陰肺經) prosperous, each qi and blood of meridian prosperous in order. In eight extra meridians(奇經八脈), Bideungpalbup(飛騰八法) per 5 days, Younggoopalbup(靈龜八法) per 60 days qi of pulse(脈氣) changes correspond. The qi and blood of five meridian points(五兪穴) is 5 days, so.

Rewetting Strategies for the Drained Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia (인도네시아의 배수된 열대 이탄지에 대한 재습지화 전략)

  • Roh, Yujin;Kim, Seongjun;Han, Seung Hyun;Lee, Jongyeol;Son, Yowhan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2018
  • The tropical peatlands have been deforested and converted to agricultural and plantation areas in Indonesia. To manage water levels and increase the overall productivity of crops, canals have been constructed in tropical peatlands. The canals destructed the structure of the tropical peatlands, and increased the subsidence and fire hazard risks in the region. The Indonesian government enacted regulations and a moratorium on tropical peatlands, in order to reduce degradation. A practical method under the regulations of rewetting tropical peatlands was to permit a canal blocking. In this study, four canal blocking projects were investigated regarding their planning, construction priority, design, building material, construction, monitoring, time and costs associated with the canal blockings. In the protected areas, regulations restricted the development of the tropical peatlands areas that were noted as deeper than 3 m, and the administration stopped issuing new concessions for future work projects for this noted criteria of land use. A noted purpose of canal blockings in these areas was to effectuate the restoration of the lands in the region. The main considerations of the restoration efforts were to maintain a durability of the blockings, and to encourage the participation of the area stakeholders. In the case of a concession area, regulations were set into place to restrict clear-cutting and shifting cultivation, and to maintain groundwater level in the tropical peatland. The most significant priorities identified in the canal blocking project were the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the project. Nevertheless, the drainage of tropical peatlands has been continued. On the basis of a literature review on regulations and rewetting methods in tropical peatlands of Indonesia, we discussed the improvements of the regulations, and adequate canal blockings to serve the function to rewet the tropical peatlands in Indonesia. Our results would help establishing an adequate direction and recommended guideline on viable rewetting methods for the restoration of drained tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia.

Uniform Hazard Spectra of 5 Major Cities in Korea (국내 5개 주요 도시에 대한 등재해도 스펙트럼)

  • Kim, Jun-Kyoung;Wee, Soung-Hoon;Kyung, Jai-Bok
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.162-172
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    • 2016
  • Since the Northridge earthquake in 1994 and the Kobe earthquake in 1995 occurred, the concept of performance based design has been introduced for designing various kinds of important structures and buildings. Uniform hazard spectra (UHS), with annual exceedance probabilities, corresponding to the performance level of each structure, are required for performance-based design. The probabilistic seismic hazard analysis was performed using spectral ground motion prediction equations, which were developed from both Korean Peninsula and Central and Eastern US region, and several seismotectonic models suggested by 10 expert panel members in seismology and tectonics. The uniform hazard spectra for 5 highly populated cities in Korea, with recurrence period of 500, 1,000, and 2,500 years using the seismic hazard at the frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 Hz and Peak ground acceleration (PGA) were analyzed using the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The sensitivity analysis suggests that spectral ground motion prediction equations impact much more on seismic hazard than what seismotectonic models do. The uniform hazard spectra commonly showed a maximum hazard at the frequency of 10 Hz and also showed the similar shape characteristics to the previous study and related technical guides to nuclear facilities.

A Research Study on Monitoring for Establishing Disaster Safety Villages in Rural Areas -Based on Disaster Prevention Experience Village in Garisan-ri, Inje-gun- (농촌지역 재난안전마을 구축을 위한 모니터링 조사 연구 -인제군 가리산리 방재체험마을 중심으로-)

  • Koo, Wonhoi;Baek, Minho
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.398-404
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    • 2017
  • In this study, the field investigation was carried out in an area damaged by flood, which recently occurred in Chungcheong region, in order to establish a disaster safety village in a rural area. In addition, the history and characteristics of a village in Garisan-ri, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do that experienced loss of life and property caused by flood in 2006 were analyzed through monitoring. The village was restored and has been operated as a disaster prevention experience village for the purpose of disaster prevention, and its structural and non-structural status was monitored during the analysis. Based on the results, application measures for establishing a disaster safety village in a rural area in future were examined. At the time of restoring food damage, the residents' participation was actively reflected in the process of establishing the disaster prevention experience village in Garisan-ri. The village has been currently operated until now as an example of disaster safety village in rural regions, and various activities including training and educational programs are carried out in order to reinforce the disaster prevention capability of residents. The findings of this study can be used for establishing a disaster safety village in a rural area based on such characteristics.

Relationship between Damage by Herbivore and Leaf Production of Oaks in the Burnt Area of the East Coastal Region, Korea (동해안의 산불피해지역에서 참나무 잎 생산량과 초식 피해의 관계)

  • Lee, Kyoung Sin;Hong, Bo Ram;Lee, Kyu Song
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.206-216
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    • 2018
  • We analyzed the effects of spatio-temporal variation in the leaf production of oaks on the density and species richness of herbivores, as well as the consumption by herbivores in the east coastal region of Korea, which is an area that has been damaged by forest fires. The main herbivore that feeds on oak leaves was moth larvae. In mid-August the insect larvae showed the highest density and species richness. Approximately 60.5% of total plant-eating insect larvae were present from August to September 2011. Oak leaf production was at its peak from July to August, and the peak damage caused by herbivores was from August to September. Depending on the investigation timing and site of the survey, oak leaf production, larval densities, and species richness showed large variations. The average production of oak leaves between July and August was estimated to be $0.96ton\;ha^{-1}$. The production of oak leaves during this period also showed spatial variations ranging from 0.34 to $1.89ton\;ha^{-1}$. In August, the consumption of oak leaves by the herbivores showed spatial variations ranging from 0.15 to $1.51ton\;ha^{-1}$. Where oak leaves had a higher yield, they tended to increase in density and species richness of the herbivores. As the production of oak leaves increased, so did the overall consumption and consumption rate by the herbivores. This means that the production of oak leaves is highly related to time and space, and there is a concentration response in which the new individuals gather. Research into the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the food sources and their effects on the higher levels of the food web can help us quantitatively understand and evaluate the structure and functions of the burnt ecosystem that is caused by forest fires.

Cost-Benefit Analysis by Resource Recovery Facility for Municipal Waste -Focus on Gangwon Province- (생활폐기물 자원화시설의 편익분석 -강원도 중심으로-)

  • Han, Young-Han;Lee, Hae-Seung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.2833-2845
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the amount of waste resource that could be recovered was analyzed. The installation and operation costs of waste resource recovery for both single- and multi-regional facility were calculated, and compared with the costs of landfill to investigate the feasibility of them. RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) process and resource recovery by incineration process were considered as waste resource recovery facility. And, the multi-regions for cost analysis were established on the basis of the proper generation rate of municipal waste with the consideration of combustible ratio. The study results showed that single region facility for both RDF and incineration process has no economic benefit, compared with the landfill method. For the multi-regional facility, RDF process could save a large cost than the landfill method, but the incineration facility couldn't. Separate from the economic benefits, the waste resource recovery should be importantly considered when considering the depletion of fossil fuel, global warming, environmental toxicity, and the enormous expenses due to social conflict and confuse. When the CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) is vitalized in the near future, the additional economic benefits by CERs(Certified Emission Reductions) could be expected. CERs for RDF facility is corresponding to about 256.5 billion won, and CERs for incineration facility is corresponding to about 54 and 77.4 billion won for single- and multi-regional facility, respectively.

An Experimental Study on the Flexural Strength of Lap Spliced Ultra High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams (이음된 초고강도 강섬유보강콘크리트 보의 휨강도에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Bae, Baek-Il;Son, Dong-Hee;Choi, Hyun-Ki;Jung, Hyung-Suk;Choi, Chang-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.76-83
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    • 2021
  • This study examines the bending behavior of lap-spliced ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete members and evaluates the safety of the design codes for ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete structures. An experiment on a total of six beams was performed. The main variables were the fiber-inclusion and the lap-spliced length at the center of the beams. The steel fibers in a volume fraction of 2% were used, and the lap-splice lengths were determined to be 8db and 16db. As a result of the test, the specimens not reinforced with fiber lost abrupt load-bearing capacity at the lap region and did not experience yielding of the reinforcing bar. In the case of fiber-reinforced concrete, if a lap-splice length of 16db is secured, the yielding of the main reinforcing bar can be experienced, and appropriate flexural strength can be expressed. Based on the experimental results of this study, as a result of reviewing the lap-splice length calculation formulas of the current design standards and the ultra-high-strength concrete structural design recommendations, it was found that all of them were evaluated conservatively.

Analysis of Ecological Function and Percent Passing of Erosion Control Dam by Openness (개방형에 따른 사방댐의 투과율 및 생태적 기능 분석)

  • Koo, Gil-Bon;Ma, Ho-Seop
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to analyze the openness of erosion control dams situated near mountain stream. The ecological functions of erosion control dams analyzed by such openness for adequately protect and manage the diversity of species and to prevent disasters. The obtained results were as follows. When structurally modifying or changing non-permeable, gravity type dams with a passing rate of less than 1% into open-type dams, the passing rate increased by about 77 times more from 0.72% to 55.8%. Except for closed, gravity type erosion control dams that are constructed with a special purpose such as creating sand deposits and reservoirs, there is a need to construct and improve the dams into permeable type dams that can relatively satisfactorily perform various functions such as carrying soil and sand to the downstream region and create a ecological corridor upstream and downstream for fish and amphibians. The openness based on the blocking height of the erosion control dam varies depending upon the height of the base part and the depth of the substructural part. It must be designed based on the on-site conditions and the purpose of the construction. The functional types of erosion control dams based on the open form of the cross-section as follows: the fish traffic type, flood control type, reservoir type for forest fire control), non-permeability type for soil and rock blocking, net type for blocking the rock flow and the particle screen type.

Radar rainfall prediction based on deep learning considering temporal consistency (시간 연속성을 고려한 딥러닝 기반 레이더 강우예측)

  • Shin, Hongjoon;Yoon, Seongsim;Choi, Jaemin
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.301-309
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we tried to improve the performance of the existing U-net-based deep learning rainfall prediction model, which can weaken the meaning of time series order. For this, ConvLSTM2D U-Net structure model considering temporal consistency of data was applied, and we evaluated accuracy of the ConvLSTM2D U-Net model using a RainNet model and an extrapolation-based advection model. In addition, we tried to improve the uncertainty in the model training process by performing learning not only with a single model but also with 10 ensemble models. The trained neural network rainfall prediction model was optimized to generate 10-minute advance prediction data using four consecutive data of the past 30 minutes from the present. The results of deep learning rainfall prediction models are difficult to identify schematically distinct differences, but with ConvLSTM2D U-Net, the magnitude of the prediction error is the smallest and the location of rainfall is relatively accurate. In particular, the ensemble ConvLSTM2D U-Net showed high CSI, low MAE, and a narrow error range, and predicted rainfall more accurately and stable prediction performance than other models. However, the prediction performance for a specific point was very low compared to the prediction performance for the entire area, and the deep learning rainfall prediction model also had limitations. Through this study, it was confirmed that the ConvLSTM2D U-Net neural network structure to account for the change of time could increase the prediction accuracy, but there is still a limitation of the convolution deep neural network model due to spatial smoothing in the strong rainfall region or detailed rainfall prediction.

Treatment of Skin Diseases in Hyungsang Medicine (피부병의 형상의학적 치료)

  • Suk Min He;Hwang Won Duek;Jung Haeng Gyu;Lee Yong Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.646-669
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    • 2004
  • By treating skin diseases with Hyungsang medicine and reviewing the clinical cases of them through classifying skin diseases into general care and into Hyungsang medical care, the writer came to the conclusion as followings. The skin is a house of Kyungnak, and it' s a place which Ki comes in and out, which human body controls conditions of his physiological function and which doctors can make a diagnosis from seeing it. The skin is subject to lung and large intestine in the point of organ, but in the point of movement, to spleen and stomach. Skin diseases come from unbalance of Ki and Hyul, mostly from fever in blood and also from Dam, Wind, Dampness and Dryness because of including fire. Generally skin diseases are treated according to classifying into distinctive symptoms, region, cause or time being occurred, and concomitant symptoms. After being divided into man and woman, age and youth, fatness and leanness, Jung Ki Shin Hyul type, visceral figures, Yukkyung shapes on Hyungsang medicine method, the remedy of skin diseases which is combined common meditation with Hyungsang medical method is efficacious. In distinguishing into man and woman, age and youth, man gets sick mainly by drinking liquor and exhausting Jung, woman is taken ill generally by indigestion and Damwha, especially by drinking liquor. Young child gets ill mostly from inherent weakness, but in many cases he is occurred by disturbed digestion, so he must be taken care of ingesting food. The aged becomes ill from weakening, so he must be treated according to reasons of diseases. To fatness and leanness, skin diseases are showed symptoms by weakened Yang, insufficient Yin or excess fever on the theory of upper and lower parts, by unbalance of Ki and Hyul on the theory of left and right, by Dryness and Dampness on the theory of front and rear and by insufficiency of vitality and combined fever on the theory of inside and outside. Therefore doctors must cure the symptoms according to the theory of upper and lower, left and right, front and rear and inside and outside. In type of Jung Ki Shin Hyul, the balances between Jung-Hyul and Shin-Ki are important points. Concretely Jung type comes to easily shortage of Jung or gathering abnormally Dampness and Dam, Ki type is easy to make a mass with Ki or to be deficient of Ki, Shin type comes to press seven emotions togather or to be insufficient of Yin and fever inside, and Hyul type is inclined to be deficient of Hyul and to become feverish or to be deficient of Ki. Therefore on the ground of the above reasons skin diseases come into existence. Inclusively in Jung-Hyul type , Ki must be moved on the base of full Jung-Hyul, so Wukmijiwhangtang or Samultang is prescribed basically. In Shin-Ki type , Jung-Hyul is saved on the base of moving Ki, so Hyangsosan or Yijintang is the proper prescription. Considering the visceral figures, doctors judge for diagnosis and remedy by putting together the elements, that is, great and small sizes of a set of features (eye, ear, mouth, nose), color and temper. The yukkyung types are classified according to many or few of Ki-Hyul, and then skin diseases appear by being inclined toward one side between Ki and hyul, or among the six atmospheric elements(wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, and fire). Especially because Yangmyung type is full of much Ki and Hyul, and also has much fever in stomach, he gets skin symptoms frequently. So his prescription is based on taking off fever in stomach, and also he must be careful about regimen certainly.