• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2003

Variations in system parameters due to uncertainties of parameters may result in system performance deterioration and create system internal stability problems. Uncertainties in structural modeling of structures are often considered to ensure that the control system is robust with respect to response errors. So the uncertain concept plays an important role in the analysis and design of the engineering structures. In this paper, the active control of the intelligent structures with the uncertainties is studied and a new method for analyzing the robustness of systems with the uncertainties is presented. Firstly, the system with uncertain parameters is considered as the perturbation of the system with deterministic parameters. Secondly, the feedback control law is designed on the basis of deterministic system. Thirdly, perturbation analysis and robustness analysis of intelligent structures with uncertainties are discussed when the feedback control law is applied to the original system and perturbed system. Combining the convex model of uncertainties with the finite element method, the analysis theory of the robustness of intelligent structures with the uncertainties can be developed. The description and computation of the robustness of intelligent structures with uncertain parameters is obtained. Finally, a numerical example of the application of the present method is given to show the validity of the method.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.477-501
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• 2005

In this study, a new smart beam finite element is proposed for the finite element modeling of beam-type smart structures that are equipped with bonded plate-type piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Constitutive equations for the direct piezoelectric effect and converse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials are considered in the formulation. By using a variational principle, the equations of motion for the smart beam finite element are derived. The proposed 2-node beam finite element is an isoparametric element based on Timoshenko beam theory. The proposed smart beam finite element is applied to the free vibration control adopting a constant gain feedback scheme. The electrical force vector, which is obtained in deriving an equation of motion, is the control force equivalent to that in existing literature. Validity of the proposed element is shown through comparing the analytical results of the verification examples with those of other previous researchers. With the use of smart beam finite elements, simulation of free vibration control is demonstrated by sensing the voltage of the piezoelectric sensors and by applying the voltages to the piezoelectric actuators.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2003

본 논문은 암호화 장치 및 오류정정부호화 장치 등에서 핵심적으로 사용되고 있는 유한체승산기(finite-field multiplier)의 최적화된 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 구조는 LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register)구조를 갖는 유한체 승산기에서 소비전력과 회로면적을 최소화 하여 기존의 LFSR 구조를 바탕으로 하는 유한체 승산기에 비하여 효율적인 승산을 이루도록 한다. 기존의 LFSR 구조의 유한체 승산기는 m비트의 다항식을 승산 하는데 3${\cdot}$m개의 플립플롭(flip-flop)이 필요하다. 1개의 플립플롭은 2개의 래치(latch)로 구성되기 때문에 6${\cdot}$m개의 래치가 소요된다. 본 논문에서는 4${\cdot}$m개의 래치(m 개의 플립플롭과 2${\cdot}$m개의 래치)로 m 비트의 다항식을 승산 할 수 있는 유한체 승산기를 제안하였다. 본 논문의 유한체 승산기는 기존의 LFSR 구조의 유한체 승산기에 비하여 회로구현에 필요한 래치의 개수가 1/3(약 33%)이 감소하였다. 결과적으로 기존의 방법에 비하여 저 소비전력 및 저 면적의 유한체 승산기를 암호화 장치 및 오류정정부호화 장치 등에서 효과적으로 사용이 가능하다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1998년도 제13차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.379-379
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• 1998

The report presents an approach to constructing or control algorithms for finite dimensional dynamical systems under the deficit of information about dynamical disturbances. The approach is based on the constructions of the extremal shift strategy of the differential game theory.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2007

기존의 2차원 FDLB 모델(D2Q21)에서 비열비 ${\gamma}$는 공간의 차원수(D)에 의존한다. 즉, 2차원 공간의 계산에서는 ${\gamma}=(D+2)/D=2.0$밖에 취할 수 없으며, 공기와 같은 실체기체를 전산모사 하기에는 여러 어려움이 있다. 이러한 이유 때문에 문헌[1]의 LBM에서 제안된 조정 가능한 비열비 모델을 2차원 FDLB모델에 적용하여 자려발생 에지톤(edgetone)의 수치계산이 수행되었다. wedge의 선단각도가 ${\alpha}=23^{\circ}$(Case I) 및 $20^{\circ}$(Case II)를 갖는 2가지 모델이 설정되었으며, 노즐출구에서 wedge선단까지의 거리 w/d는 $3d{\sim}12d$사이에서 주어졌다. edgetone은 노즐로부터 나온 분류와 edge의 상호작용으로 이난 음압(sound pressure)의 차에 의해서 소음이 발생하며, 이 음압은 다시 상류의 분류에 영향을 미쳐 분류의 변동을 가져온다. w/d가 ??9d이하인 경우, 피드백(feedback) 메커니즘에 기인한 주기적인 운동이 발생하지만, w/d가 큰 ??9d이상인 경우에는 분류의 불안정성 때문에 규칙적인 분류의 운동은 보이질 않으며, 이는 기존의 연구결과들과 잘 일치함을 보였다. 본 연구에서 적용된 모델을 이용하여 공기와 같은 2원자 기체의 비열비 ??${\gamma}=1.4$를 갖는 유체에 있어서 공력 소음의 수치예측이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.297-298
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• 2007

Repetitive systems stand for a kind of systems that perform a simple task on a fixed pattern repetitively and are widely spread in industrial fields. Hence, those systems have been of much interests by many researchers, especially in the field of iterative learning control (ILC). In this paper, we propose a finite-horizon tracking control scheme for linear time-varying repetitive systems with uncertain initial conditions. The scheme is derived both analytically and numerically for state-feedback systems and only numerically for output-feedback systems. Then, it is extended to stable systems with input constraints. All numerical schemes are developed in the forms of linear matrix inequalities. A distinguished feature of the proposed scheme from the existing iterative learning control is that the scheme guarantees the tracking performance exactly even under uncertain initial conditions. The simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed scheme.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1091-1105
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• 2015

Piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant of PZT-5H vary with electric field. In this work, variations of these coefficients with electric field are included in finite element modelling of a cantilevered plate instrumented with piezoelectric patches. Finite element model is reduced using modal truncation and then converted into state-space. First three modal displacements and velocities are estimated using Kalman observer. Negative first modal velocity feedback is used to control the vibrations of the smart plate. Three cases are considered v.i.z case 1: in which variation of piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant with electric field is not considered in finite element model and not considered in Kalman observer, case 2: in which variation of piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant with electric field is considered in finite element model and not considered in Kalman observer and case 3: in which variation of piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant with electric field is considered in finite element model as well as in Kalman observer. Simulation results show that appreciable amount of change would appear if variation of piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant with r.m.s. value of electric field is considered.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2012

양자화된 빔포밍 시스템은 정확한 채널 상태 정보를 특정 벡터로 구성된 유한 집합, 즉 코드북으로 양자화하여 원하는 벡터에 대응되는 인덱스만을 송신단으로 피드백함으로써 피드백 오버헤드 및 지연 등에 의해 발생되는 영향을 최소화한다. 이와 관련하여 전역 (exhaustive) 및 그룹화 (group-based)를 이용한 탐색 기반의 인덱스 재배치 기법을 통해 추가적인 비트의 요구없이 피드백 에러에 의한 성능저하의 최소화 기법에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 연구되었던 인덱스 재배치 기법에 코드북 내 벡터간의 chordal 거리에 따른 최적 코드북 설계기법 통해 적응적 특성을 갖는 개선된 그룹화 기반의 코드북 인덱스 배치 기법을 제안한다. Monte-Carlo 기반의 모의실험에 의해 제안하는 기법은 송신 안테나 수가 4이고 LTE 코드북을 이용할 경우 인덱스 재배치 기법을 사용하지 않을 때보다 동일한 비트 에러율을 얻기 위해 0.5~1dB 성능이 향상되며, 기존 그룹화 기반의 인덱스 배치 기법보다는 동일 환경에서 0.1~0.2dB 성능이 향상된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.124-127
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• 2005

As computer capability and test skill become more and more advanced, finite element method and modal test are being widely applied in engineering design. In order to correlate and reconcile the inevitable discrepancies between the analytical and experimental models, many techniques have been developed. Among these methods, multiple-system methods are known as the effective tools in that they can supply the rich modal data available which are experimentally obtained. These abundant modal data can help structural system parameters estimated well. Multiple-system methods can be classified into the structural modification methods and feedback controller methods. The structural modification methods need the physical attachment of structures and their concept may limit the application of them. To overcome this drawback, the feedback controller methods are addressed which enable us to get more modal data without the structural change. Mode decoupling controller(MDC), one of them, is to use acceleration out)ut feedback to perturb an open-loop system. The output feedback controller generally cannot guarantee the stability of a closed-loop system. However, MDC can solve this problem under the certain constraints. So far, MDC utilizes accelerations as the sensor signals. In this research, strain sensors are going to be picked up to apply to the MDC. Strain output is recently used for structural system identification due to the drastically improved and miniaturized strain sensor. In this paper, we show that the MDC using strain output has differences compared with acceleration output in estimating the structural system parameters. The associated simulation is performed to demonstrate the above mentioned characteristics.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.211-228
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• 2012

Present study deals with the development of finite element based solution methodology to investigate active control of dynamic response of delaminated composite shells with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The formulation is based on first order shear deformation theory and an eight-noded isoparametric element is used. A coupled piezoelectric-mechanical formulation is used in the development of the constitutive equations. For modeling the delamination, multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated in the finite element code. A simple negative feedback control algorithm coupling the direct and converse piezoelectric effects is used to actively control the dynamic response of delaminated composite shells in a closed loop employing Newmark's time integration scheme. The validity of the numerical model is demonstrated by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. A number of parametric studies such as the locations of sensor/actuator patches, delamination size and its location, radius of curvature to width ratio, shell types and loading conditions are carried out to understand their effect on the transient response of piezoceramic delaminated composite shells.