• 한국가족복지학
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• 제57호
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• pp.125-157
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• 2017

본 연구는 청소년 한부모의 사회적 배제와 사회적 관계망 특성이 부모효능감과 양육스트레스, 부정적 양육 행동에 미치는 영향과 한부모가족 정책 지원의 조절효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 자료는 한국청소년정책연구원에서 실시한 '청소년 임신 출산 및 자녀 양육 실태조사' 원자료 중 일부로, 조사 당시 자녀를 양육 중인 24세 이하의 청소년 한부모 262명의데이터만을 추출하여 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년 한부모들은 경제적으로 어려운 비양친 가정에서 자란 경우가 절반에 가까우며, 대부분 비취업 상태에서 월평균 60만원 정도의 소득으로 미취학 자녀를 양육하고 있어 자립이어려운 상황이었다. 둘째, 청소년 한부모의 부모효능감 향상에는 가족 등의 지지가, 바람직한부모 행동 유발에는 가까운 이들과의 밀도있는 관계가 유의미한 영향 요인으로 검증되어 사회적 배제보다 사회적 관계망이 양육 태도와 행동에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 청소년 한부모의 부모효능감과 양육 스트레스에 있어 사회적 배제 및 사회적 관계망으로 인한일부의 부정적 영향이 정책 지원으로 완화됨이 검증되었다. 분석을 통해 한부모가족 정책 지원이 물리적 차원을 넘어 일부 심리정서에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사회적 기제임이 밝혀졌으며, 중장기적으로 소득과 고용지원, 수당지급 형식 외에 양육 기술 습득 등의 조력이 가능한 돌봄지원을 강화해야 함을 제안하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.275-295
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• 2009

After a long period of development and worldwide consultation, the London-based Joint Cargo Committee has revised the Institute Cargo Clauses (A), (B) & (C) and some ancillary Institute Clauses. The revision mainly include a clarification of the exclusions within the clauses, some modernization of the language of the clauses and new definitions of some terms. With these revisions, the coverage is widened to offer more protection to the assured. This may enable the widely used Institute Cargo Clauses to receive even greater worldwide acceptance. The following are the main changes in the new 2009 ICC compared with the 1982 ICC. 1. Insufficient or unsuitable Packing or Preparation(Clause 4.3): The revised clause is more favourable to the assured because under the revised clause this sub-clause is only applicable to (a) where packing or preparation is carried out by the assured or their employees or (b) packing or preparation takes place before the attachment of the risk. 2. Insolvency or Financial Default (Clause 4.6): The insolvency and financial default wording is incorporated in the revised clauses, making it more favourable to the assured. 3. Unseaworthiness (Clause 5): The revision is more favourable to the assured in that it limits the exclusion in relation to the unfitness of vehicles, vessels or containers to cases where the assured or their employees are privy to such unfitness. 4. Terrorism (Clause 7): A new definition of "terrorism" is introduced and the revised clause also widens the acts of an individual to encompass ideological and religious motives.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2013

Elderly people living in poverty are one of the most vulnerable population groups who are at risk of experiencing social exclusion. Social participation is an important contributing factor to active aging and social integration of the older adults living in poverty. This study aims to identify factors affecting social participation of the poor elderly. Data from the second wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing was used for the analyses and 1,346 poor elderly aged over 65 were analyzed. The findings showed that age, education, health status, a level of depression, financial stress, and economic activity were associated with the social participation of the elderly living in poverty. These results indicated that psychological empowerment and specific needs of the older adults living in poverty should be considered in developing services and programs to promote social participation of the poor elderly.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2017

Purpose - Clarifying one of the biggest public Hospital Costs and incomes according to patients' case mix. It leads to prepare financial information about pubic medical tariffs and hospital operational costs. Research design, data, and methodology - This study calculates the costs both, with and without taking into account capital costs. This holds for comparison of hoteling based on case mix in all medical procedures. The checklists were reviewed and filled by reviewing accounting documents of the hospital, warehouse exclusion list, and daily books of laundry and CSR. Data was analyzed descriptively by using Excel. Results - In both cases, the hospital is losing in terms of hoteling. Because the buildings and equipment are new, this loss is not tangible. However, this will be revealed when costs of reconstruction and replacement of equipment. The loss rate per day of hospitalization was 569318 Rials for Coronary Care Unit (CCU), 528171 Rials for Post Intensive Care Unit (Post ICU), 474570 Rials for ICU, 233183 Rials for Post CCU and 204803 for Surgical ward. Conclusions - Income of hoteling was lower than its costs. ANOVA showed a strong relationship between case mix and hospital costs as well as case mix and its income. This suggests that optimal case mix can minimize the costs and maximize income.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2022

This paper analyzes the effects of the cut in the legal maximum interest rate (from 27.4% to 24%) that occurred in February of 2018 on loan interest rates, the default rates, and the loan approval rate of borrowers in the non-banking sector. We use the difference-in-difference identification strategy to estimate the effect of the cut in the legal maximum interest rate using micro-level data from a major credit-rating company. The legal maximum rate cut significantly lowers the loan interest rate and default rate of low-credit borrowers (i.e., high-credit-risk borrowers) in the non-banking sector. However, this effect is limited to borrowers who have not been excluded from the market despite the legal maximum interest rate cut. The loan approval rate of low-credit borrowers decreased significantly after the legal maximum interest rate cut. Meanwhile, the loan approval rate of high-credit and medium-credit (i.e., low credit risk and medium credit risk) borrowers increased. This implies that financial institutions in the non-banking sector should reduce the loan supply to low-credit borrowers who are no longer profitable while increasing the loan supply to high- and medium-credit borrowers.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.87-110
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• 2019

문재인 정부는 서민금융의 문제를 이전 정부와 달리 포용금융관점에서 바라보고 있지만 이의 성공을 위해서는 구조적이고 지속 가능한 정책서민금융의 실행이 요구된다. 이를 위해서는 과거와 같이 복지와 금융이 혼합된 복지성격의 시혜적 금융제공에서 탈피하여 가용성 및 접근성 중심으로 정책서민금융을 운영하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 정책서민금융이 서민생활의 안정과 서민소득의 증대를 이룰 수 있도록 종래의 빈곤서민을 대상으로 하는 규모 또는 양적 위주의 자금공급에서 벗어나 서민생활의 안정이나 소득 증대를 목표로 삼는 성과중심의 평가도 필요하다. 실제 정책서민금융이 서민생활안정과 소득증대를 목적으로 한다면 일자리를 기반으로 하는 것이 보다 현실적이다. 사회적 경제기업은 이를 가능하게 하는 조직체이다. 사회적 경제기업의 육성은 문재인 정부가 추진하는 소득주도 성장정책과 실업률 감소를 뒷받침하는 인프라가 될 수 있다. 문재인 정부가 서민금융을 한 단계 더 발전시키기 위해서는 이 같은 관점에서 다음과 같은 정책추진이 필요하다 우선 서민금융은 시장실패영역임에 틀림없지만, 가급적 시장원리를 준수하고, 정책서민금융이 민간서민금융을 구축하지 않도록 자생적이며 지속가능한 서민금융정책 운영이 필요하다. 다음으로, 사회적 기업이나 사회적 경제기업에 대한 자금지원은 사회적 가치창출을 위해 자본시장기능을 적극 활용해야 한다. 사회적 가치창출 목적의 사업에도 자본시장의 촉매자본은 민간자본을 유인하는 마중물 역할을 수행한다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.157-174
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• 2007

Concerning this nation's M&A system, it is expected that standards of limitation on ownership is considerably modified and alleviated. This would allow companies to freely merge with each other, raising the efficiency of the whole national economy and ultimately benefiting all economic subjects. Another goal of business merger lies in adjusting net income or reducing tax amount. The income and the amount are to be financially reported. If merger between companies does not create any synergy effect, but just contributes to net income increase or tax reduction for the purpose of the parties' financial reporting, it might distort a rational distribution of wealth over all facets of economy. Merger whose goal is to create the most desirable synergy effect should be positively encouraged, but that whose goal lies in tax avoidance needs to be strongly restricted. Thus the purpose of this study was to find how to improve this nation's merger-related taxation system. For the purpose, this researcher investigated problems of existing tax supports to merger, which meets related taxation requirements, especially in terms of liquidation income, appraisal profit from merger, fictitious dividend and requirements for taxation. Among the problems, the study found, the biggest thing was that liquidation income or deficit carried forward, if any, is subject to be prior deducted from surplus, so the income is likely to generate. To raise the consistency of this nation's taxation on business restructuring, existing local systems in regard to merger, division, investment in kind and dividend-exclusion method need to be reconsidered following the introduction of consolidated taxation system.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 1991

Despite its universal coverage of health insurance, the rural health insurance program(RHIP) stands at the crossroads in Korea. The RHIP has weaknesses in stability of financing, problems of inequities in the provision of health services and has suffered from high cost of running the program. The author has analyzed these problems from the perspective of health insurance policy and presented several options for improvement. First of all, this study urged the importance of a firm Governmental commitment of RHIP with the 50% subsidization of contributions as the Government had promised, instead of the current 40%. This can be justified from the 20% subsidization by the Government for the contributions of private school teachers and their dependents, who belong to richer segments of the population. Second, various cost containment measures ought to be sought curbing the rising demand for medical through strengthening health education and increasing individual responsibility, and tightening the claim review process. Third, this study requires the Government to run a demonstration project on the introduction of case payment system for primary health care. Fourth introducing an income-related cost sharing scheme is another possibility. Reforming the cost sharing formula for large medical expenditures is recommendable for a beginning. This measure can take the form of tax credit for medical expenditures of the poor. Fifth, the degree of financial adjustment among health insurance plans should be levelled up for enhancing stability of RHIP and social solidarity. Sixth, health policy should be redirected toward development of rural health resources and higher priority should be put on relieving difficulties in access to care. Seventh. the insurance plan owned-hospital needs to be developed or provision of health services in the medically underserved areas, and the need of such facilities is particularly acute for geriatric care, rehabilitation and renal dialysis, etc. Eighth, more generous insurance benefits are required of the elderly who are suffering the most : elimination of the maximum 180 days of benefit period and provision of glasses and artificial dentures, etc. Ninth. the economies of scale principle is working for the operating expenses of regional self-employed insurance plan. Thus, measures should be instituted to pursue an optimum size of health insurance plans. Lastly, excessive dependence on exclusion items is an evil so that some radical remedies are urgently required to cut them.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2022

제품을 생산하는 설비의 고장이나 이상 현상은 곧 제품의 결함 및 생산라인 가동 중단으로 이어져 제조 업체의 막대한 경제적 손실의 원인이 된다. 스마트팩토리 서비스의 확산으로 공장에서 많은 양의 데이터가 수집됨에 따라, 이를 활용하여 제조 현장의 효율이나 제조 설비의 고장 예측 및 진단을 위한 인공지능 기반의 연구가 활발히 이어지고 있다. 하지만 정상과 이상을 구분 짓는 레이블 정보가 명확하지 않고 이상에 대한 극심한 클래스 불균형을 가지는 제조 데이터의 특징으로 인하여 분류 모델이나 이상탐지 모델의 개발에는 큰 어려움이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 딥러닝 모델의 재구성 손실값을 이용하여 제조 설비의 이상탐지를 위한 딥러닝 알고리즘을 제안하고 성능을 분석하였다. 해당 알고리즘은 이상 데이터를 제외한 설비의 제조 데이터, 즉 정상 데이터에만 의존하여 이상을 감지한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2024

"ESG management" guides companies to prioritize corporate social responsibility and sustainable development as key management objectives, going beyond mere financial performance pursuits. This approach involves creating a sustainable and robust supply chain by urging companies, acting as 'supply chain managers', to implement ESG management practices alongside their 'supply chain partners'. The domestic business community has been quick to respond to this trend, recognizing that failure to adhere to ESG standards set by organizations such as the EU and SEC could lead to severe repercussions, including exclusion from international trade and reputational damage. POSCO and NAVER, two leading Korean companies, are at the forefront of practicing ESG management effectively. They have both produced and publicly disclosed ESG management reports, showcasing their success in enhancing supply chain ESG management. However, as supply chain managers enforce ESG-related obligations on their suppliers, the likelihood of disputes between the parties may increase. In scenarios where supply chain ESG management leads to conflicts between supply chain managers and suppliers, commercial arbitration emerges as a viable solution for dispute resolution. This method offers several advantages, including the arbitrators' expertise, time and cost efficiency, the binding nature of decisions akin to a court's final judgment, international recognition under the New York Convention, confidentiality, and ample opportunity for parties to be heard. Our analysis focuses on the emerging disputes between supply chain managers and suppliers within the context of supply chain ESG management, particularly examining the cases of POSCO and NAVER. By categorizing the expected types of disputes and assessing the appropriateness of commercial arbitration for their resolution, we highlight the effectiveness of this approach. Furthermore, we propose leveraging the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board's role to enhance the use of arbitration in resolving supply chain ESG disputes, underscoring its potential as a strategic tool for maintaining sustainable and harmonious supply chain relationships.