• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to research the health status of the elderly population and their perception and compliance to cook medicated juk. The results from this research will be used as basic data for medicated juk development. In addition, the purpose of this study was to find a way to popularize the juk and improve their usage as medicated juk in communal feeding and convalescent hospital for elderly. The study surveyed 300 elderly residents of age over 65, in Daejeon. The following data were collected: general characteristic, health status, perception of medicated juk, and preferred kind of juk for cooking. Moreover, the study researched the constraints in cooking the juk. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V. 18.0 and t-test verified the differences among the questions, according to frequency analysis of each item and characteristics of the aged. You might want to specify this characteristic. Within the surveyed elderly population, 80.6% had various existing diseases with circulatory diseases being the most prevalent with 68.9%. This emphasizes on the significance of proper diet, but this recognition is not put into practice. The survey also showed that as the individuals age, they tend to care less about the necessity of proper diet. Despite of this lack of perception, 84.5% of the elderly population responded positively to the question, "Would you like to have medicated juk for curing diseases, if such juk is available?" In addition, the elderly population was in favor of developing the juk that helps to prevent and cure diseases, and many were willing to cook them. The reasons behind their will to cook are arranged in the following order: higher efficacy in curing disease than regular juk, excellence in nutrition, and unavailability of the medicated juk in the stores that requires them to cook. The sources constraining the elderly population in cooking are arranged in the following order: not knowing how to cook the juk, lack of physical strength, financial burden, and lack of information order. Please clarify this part. Suggested change: not knowing what medicated juk is. Furthermore, the main obstacle in cooking the juk is lack of cooking technique, followed by inaccessibility to the ingredients and the financial burden to purchase the ingredients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6491-6496
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• 2012

Background: The influence of parental socio-economic status on childhood cancer treatment outcome in low-income countries has not been sufficiently investigated. Our study examined this influence and explored parental experiences during cancer treatment of their children in an Indonesian academic hospital. Materials and Methods: Medical charts of 145 children diagnosed with cancer between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. From October 2011 until January 2012, 40 caretakers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Of all patients, 48% abandoned treatment, 34% experienced death, 9% had progressive/relapsed disease, and 9% overall event-free survival. Prosperous patients had better treatment outcome than poor patients (P<0.0001). Odds-ratio for treatment abandonment was 3.3 (95%CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006) for poor versus prosperous patients. Parents often believed that their child's health was beyond doctor control and determined by luck, fate or God (55%). Causes of cancer were thought to be destiny (35%) or God's punishment (23%). Alternative treatment could (18%) or might (50%) cure cancer. Most parents (95%) would like more information about cancer and treatment. More contact with doctors was desired (98%). Income decreased during treatment (55%). Parents lost employment (48% fathers, 10% mothers), most of whom stated this loss was caused by their child's cancer (84% fathers, 100% mothers). Loss of income led to financial difficulties (63%) and debts (55%). Conclusions: Treatment abandonment was most important reason for treatment failure. Treatment outcome was determined by parental socio-economic status. Childhood cancer survival could improve if financial constraints and provision of information and guidance are better addressed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.30-40
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• 1992

The area of grassland established and the arable land in forage production have been decreased recently in Korea. As a result, forages available from the grassland and the arable land provided only 40% of the total roughage consumed by cattle in 1991, compared with 54% in 1989. The decreasing trend of the forage production has been impinged on by a number of legislative. socio-economic. technical and other constraints negatively affecting grassland and forage development. Consequently. effective systems and strategies are quite necessary to have sustainable grassland farming in Korea. In spring and autumn, temperatures are too low for subtropical forage crops, and the summer monsoon climate is another serious limitation to the use of cool-season species. Therefore it is an imperative that not only the research-based grassland development but also the forage crop production should be strongly supported by the government authorities to overcome such climatic limitations. Private forest land holdings are of relatively small units in Korea. Accordingly. it is necessary and important to enlarge the forest land holdings per farm to develop as economic units of grassland. For this the government should introduce new policy measures such as for example: long-term leases of Sorest land and the idle arable land of absentee owners ; rational rental system of national and public forest lands; integrating livestock and forest production. All the laws and regulations standing in the way of the grassland development in forest lands should be modified and revised to open the way for much easier development of grassland. It is also proposed that a high level of financial incentives -hould be provided for structural improvements for the grassland development. They may be: mechanization facilitation, construction of new roads relating to grassland, and land exchange and consolidation. And it is basically necessary that financial enumeration or profits must be garanteed in order to motivate farmers to keep up farming continuously. For more efficient grassland development in mountainous areas, reorganization of Alpine Experiment Station and NAB1 Namwon Branch Station may be needed. Research should be strengthened for completion of pasture mixtures, development of maximum forage production methods with a view to saving labor and reducing production costs, introduction of grazing and forage conservation techniques. and utilization of rice straw as more palatable and nutritious forage source. In order to have more efficient and effective transfer of advanced forage production technologies to livestock farmers the user-clients. it is also essential that special training measures should be given to livestock farmers through making greater use of specialized research and extension workers.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-140
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• 2016

This paper first extracts the main basis for the Middle-Income Trap(MIT) to apply these grounds to reality of the Chinese economy. And then confirmed crisis factors of China economy. Also discussed then the economic reforms of China in order to not fall into the MIT. After reviewing previous research extracted six factors the results will correspond to comply with the Chinese economy. Those are 'Over-investment', 'excess capacity' 'reduction of TFP continued,' 'disappearance and the aging of the population bonus', 'excessive debt and structural adjustment and financial instability of the company', 'income unequal expansion', 'low financial and information infrastructure accessibility', and 'low transparency index'. China's policy direction to avoid the MIT generally set properly, but proof that implementation process not easy, was appearing everywhere. After all, China economy should be modified now to a reforms of 'government failure' and promotion of function for ongoing restructuring system in the market. Because of the SDR incorporation from 2015, it is inevitable to face major constraints in the external aspects.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-77
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• 2019

The balance between exploration for new possibility and exploitation for existing certainty is an important issue in strategy, innovation, R&D as well as organization learning. Among the convergence trends of technologies, many firms seek to have the wider technological knowledge assets and the deeper technology capabilities for the sustainable competitive advantage at the same time. While firms plan technology portfolio strategies, they should consider the attribute of the technology. Nanotechnology, a cutting-edge technology, is a general purpose technology, unlike conventional product-oriented technologies. This empirical study was focused on how multi-national firms' exploration and exploitation strategies for nanotechnology affect their innovative and financial performance. It uses multiple regression analysis on panel data. This result shows that the more diversified and specialized nanotechnology as platform technology is positively related to their innovative and financial performance, unlike the research results for product-oriented technologies. In addition, exploratory innovation is more effective to firm performance than exploitation. This implies how global firms can manage effectively platform technology strategies under the constraints of resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.651-654
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• 2001

A study was made of the efficiency of ammonia N retention by Jowar kadbi (sorghum straw), initially 6.41% crude protein (CP), treated with 4% urea solution. After 30 days the CP in straw that was unchaffed and had been left uncovered was 10.02, and in chaffed straw that had been covered with a polythene sheet was 10.9%. The two treated straws were each fed to six crossbred (HF$\times$Deoni) calves, initially $12{\pm}2$ months old and $86.7{\pm}3.2kg$ bodyweight. They were also given two isocaloric (70% TDN) and isonitrogenous (20% CP) concentrate mixtures differing in calculated Rumen Degradable to Undegradable Dietary Protein ratio (RDP:UDP). Those fed the unchaffed uncovered treated straw (treatment C) received 65 RDP:35UDP and the other group (T1) received concentrate with a 55:45 ratio. The T1 group had the higher DM intake (p<0.01) in total (306 vs 268 kg), per day (4.1 vs 3.6 kg) and per unit bodyweight. Digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NDF, but not ADF, was higher in T1 and that group had the higher daily gain (517 vs 333 g) and higher total gain (38.8 vs 25.0 kg) over the 75 d of the feeding trial. It is concluded that chaffing and covering of Jowar kadbi treated with urea, not likely to be adopted by farmers because of financial constraints, does not confer important benefits. A concentrate supplement (estimated 45% of the CP as UDP) to calves given the treated straw has a beneficial effect on their growth and development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.7167-7170
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• 2015

Background: Although 3D image based brachytherapy is currently the standard of treatment in cervical cancer, most of the centres in developing countries still practice orthogonal intracavitary brachytherapy due to financial constraints. The quest for optimum dose and fractionation schedule in high dose rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) is still ongoing. While the American Brachytherapy Society recommends four to eight fractions of each less than 7.5 Gy, there are some studies demonstrating similar efficacy and comparable toxicity with higher doses per fraction. Objective: To assess the treatment efficacy and late complications of HDR ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective institutional study in Southern India carried on from $1^{st}$ June 2012 to $31^{st}$ July 2014. In this period, 76 patients of cervical cancer satisfying our inclusion criteria were treated with concurrent chemo-radiation following ICBT with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions, five to seven days apart. Results: The median follow-up period in the study was 24 months (range 10.6 - 31.2 months). The 2 year actuarial local control rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were 88.1%, 84.2% and 81.8% respectively. Although 38.2% patients suffered from late toxicity, only 3 patients had grade III late toxicity. Conclusions: In our experience, HDR brachytherapy with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions is an effective dose fractionation for the treatment of cervical cancer with acceptable toxicity.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.209-224
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• 2019

When evaluating the performance of a NPD(New Product Development) project, it is common to evaluate the project performance according to the achievement of the planned goal in terms of time, quality and cost management, which are usually three main constraints of the project. The evaluation of the financial factors by which sales contributed to the return of the company is more influential. This is why companies need to increase sales and raise profits. Therefore, it is more reasonable to evaluate the sales performance of NPD projects over a certain period of time against the input costs. At this time, we can analyze the causes of inefficient projects and compare them with other projects and find out how to improve the sales performance to help the company increase its competitiveness. In this paper, we analyze the relative efficiency of the sales performance on the input of the projects by using the actual sales in the period of one year after mass production of the NPD projects of 'S' company in ICT industry. Input factors include developer resource and development cost for the NPD reported after the project has been completed, the delay weeks for the schedule targeted at the project planning stage, and the number of quality issues due to development design faults during initial mass-production. The sales figure and the contribution margin of the product after one year from the start of mass production are defined as the output factors. In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of the projects by using data envelope analysis (DEA). As a result, we found out the reason of the inefficient project of DMUs according to the differences in the characteristics of the efficient and inefficient B2B markets based on the result of DEA of NPD projects. Thus, the goal of this paper is to identify strategies for improving sales performance of NPD projects in inefficient markets.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.65-81
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• 2015

This study reports a preliminary finding of the types and numbers of graphs being presented in the annual reports of about thirty top listed companies trading publicly in the stock markets of three countries-Thailand (SET), Malaysia (BM), and Singapore (SGX)-that were chosen based on their inclusion in the ASEAN Stars Index under the ASEAN Trading Link project. A total of 6,753 graphs from nineteen sectors were extracted and examined. Banking, real estate, and telecommunications are ranked the three most condense sectors, accounting for 50.2% of the total number of graphs observed. The three most used graphs are the Conservative Bar, Donut graph and Stack Bar. Less than one percent of Infographic type graphs were used. The five most depicted graphed variables are Asset, Revenue, Net profit, Liability, and Dividend. Using rudimentary framework to detect distorted or misleading statistical graphs, the study found 60.6% of the graphs distorted across the three markets, SET, BM, and SGX. BM ranked first in percentages of graphs being distortedly presented (73%). The other two markets, SET and SGX, have about the same proportions, 53.88% and 53.03%, respectively. Likewise, the proportions of Well-designed versus Inappropriate-designed graphs of the latter two markets are a little over one time (SET = 1 : 1.17; SGX = 1 : 1.13), whereas the proportion is almost triple for the BM market (BM = 1 : 2.70). In addition, the trend of distorted graphs found is slightly increasing as the longevity of the ASEAN Stars Index increases. One possible explanation for the relatively equal proportion of inappropriate graphs found is that SET is the smallest market and SGX, though the largest, is the most regulated market. BM, on the other hand, may want to present their financial data in the most attractive manner to prospective investors, thus, regulatory constraints and governance structure are still lenient.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

As the electric power industry is evolving into competitive market scheme, a new paradigm is required for the operation of market. Traditional dispatch algorithm was built based on the optimization model with an objective function and multiple constraints. Commercial market simulator followed the concept of the microeconomic model used in the dispatch algorithm, which is called as analytic method. On analytic method it is prerequisite to procure the exact data for the simulation. It is not easy anymore for each market participant to access to other participants' financial information while it used to be easy for monopoly decision maker to know all the information needed for the optimal operation. Considering the changing situation, it is required to introduce a new method for estimating the market price. This paper proposes an empirical method based on stochastic processes expected to build a capacity planning and long term contracts.