• Title/Summary/Keyword: Final weight of the test

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Effect of Fiber Type and Combination on the Reinforcement of Heat Polymerized Denture Base Resin (섬유의 종류와 조합이 열중합 의치상 레진의 강화에 미치는 영향)

  • Yu, Sang-Hui;Kim, Young-Im
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.445-450
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    • 2010
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect according to the fiber type and combination on the reinforcement of heat-polymerized denture base resin. The heat-polymerized resin(Vertex RS, Dentimax, Netherlands) was used in this study. Glass fiber(GL; ER 270FW, Hankuk Fiber Glass, Korea), polyaromatic polyamide fiber(PA; aramid; Kevlar-49, Dupont, U.S.A.) and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber(PE, polyethylene; P.E, Dong Yang Rope, Korea) were used to reinforce the denture base resin specimens. The final size of test specimen was $64mm{\times}10mm{\times}3.3mm$. The specimens of each group were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 50 hours before measurement. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured by an universal testing machine(Z020, Zwick, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min in a three-point bending mode. In this study, all fibers showed reinforcing effects on denture base resin(p<0.05). In terms of flexural strength and flexural modulus, glass fiber 5.3 vol.% showed most effective reinforcing effect on heat polymerized denture base resin. For flexural modulus, PA/GL was the highest in denture base resin specimen for hybrid FRC using two combination (p<0.05). Glass fiber 5.3 vol.% and PA/GL are considered to be applied effectively in reinforcing the heat polymerized denture base resin.

Seeding Vigor of Birdsfoot Trefoil Entries Differing in Seed Size (종자 크기가 다른 두 계통의 벌노랑이 유식물의 활력 비교)

  • Hur, S.N.;Nelson, C.J.;Beuselinck, P.R.;Coutts, J.H.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.186-194
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    • 1994
  • Lack of seedling vigor is considered a serious deterrent to use of broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil (Lorus comicul~rus L.). Our objectives were to compare early seedling growth of broadleafed birdsfoot trefoil cultivar "MO-20" and the large-seeded accession 302921 at $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. in controlled-environment chambers. Cabon dioxide exchange rate (CER) was measured in a closed or open system using infrared gas analysis. Dark respiration rate was measured manometrically. Net carbon accumulated per day and growth analysis of the seedlings were calculated. Initial seed mass of 302921 was 3.5 times larger and final cotyledon area was 2 times larger than those of MO-20, and early seedling growth was better. But, from 3 weeks after emergence until the end of the test period at $25^{\circ}C$, MO-20 showed higher CER per unit leaf area and faster dry weight accumulation than did 302921. Compared with $25^{\circ}C$, growth of MO-20 at $15^{\circ}C$ was suppressed more than that of 302921. Dark respiration rate of MO-20 was slightly higher than that for 302921, but not COz uptake per day for MO-20 was highest at$25^{\circ}C$ and lowest at $25^{\circ}C$. The relative growth rate (RGR) of MO-20 was higher than 302921 at $25^{\circ}C$ due to high net assimilation rate, but there was little difference in RGR between entries at $15^{\circ}C$.}C$.

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Effect of Feeding Complex of Wild Chrysanthemum Powder, Probiotics and Selenium on Meat Quality in Finishing Porks (들국화분말, 생균제 및 Selenium 복합 급여가 비육기 돈육의 육질 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jin, Sang-Keun;Kim, Il-Suk;Hur, In-Chul;Choi, Seung-Youn;Yu, Ki-Ok;Kim, Jin-Gun;Kang, Suk-Nam
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.114-120
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding complex of wild chrysanthemum powder, probiotics and selenium on meat quality in finishing pigs ($LY{\times}D$). 25 pigs were randomly alloted to two treatments; C (basal diet), T (C diet added 0.3% wild chrysanthemum powder, 0.1% probiotics and 0.1% selenium). Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg final weight and chemical composition, physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition and sensory test were measured in pork loin. Proximate composition, pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force and color were no differences among the tested samples. Texture properties of hardness in treatment were significantly higher than the control (p<0.05). Fresh meat of overall acceptance and cooked meat of tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability in T were significantly higher than the control. Fatty acid compositions of myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in T were significantly higher than the control.

Stabilization/Solidification of Radioactive LiCl-KCl Waste Salt by Using SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 (SAP) Inorganic Composite: Part 2. The Effect of SAP Composition on Stabilization/Solidification (SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 (SAP) 무기복합체를 이용한 LiCl-KCl 방사성 폐기물의 안정화/고형화: Part 2. SAP조성에 따른 안정화/고형화특성 변화)

  • Ahn, Soo-Na;Park, Hwan-Seo;Cho, In-Hak;Kim, In-Tae;Cho, Yong-Zun
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2012
  • Metal chloride waste is generated as a main waste streams in a series of electrolytic processes of a pyrochemical process. Different from carbonate or nitrate salt, metal chloride is not decomposed into oxide and chlorine but it is just vaporized. Also, it has low compatibility with conventional silicate glasses. Our research group adapted the dechlorination approach for the immobilization of waste salt. In this study, the composition of SAP ($SiO_2-Al_2O_3-P_2O_5$) was adjusted to enhance the reactivity and to simplify the solidification process as a subsequent research. The addition of $Fe_2O_3$ into the basic SAP decreased the SAP/Salt ratio in weight from 3 for SAP 1071 to 2.25 for M-SAP( Fe=0.1). The experimental results indicated that the addition of $Fe_2O_3$ increased the reactivity of M-SAP with LiCl-KCl but the reactivity gradually decreased above Fe=0.1. Also, introducing $B_2O_3$ into M-SAP requires no glass binder for the consolidation of reaction products. U-SAP ($SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Fe_2O_3-P_2O_5-B_2O_3$) could effectively dechlorinate the LiCl-KCl waste and its reaction product could be consolidated as a monolithic form without a glass binder. The leaching test result indicated that U-SAP 1071 was more durable than other SAPs wasteform. By using U-SAP, 1 g of waste salt could generated 3~4 g of wasteform for final disposal. The final volume would be about 3~4 times lower than the glass-bonded sodalite. From these results, it could be concluded that the dechlorination approach using U-SAP would be one of prospective methods to manage the volatile waste salt.

Effects of Sesame Meal on Growth Performances and Fatty acid Composition, Free Amino Acid Contents, and Panel Tests of Loin of Hanwoo Steers (참깻묵이 거세 한우의 비육성적과 등심의 지방산 조성, 유리 아미노산 함량 및 관능평가에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sung Il;Cho, Bong Rae;Choi, Chang Bon
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.451-460
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    • 2013
  • The feed value of sesame meal, a main agricultural by-product from the northern area of Gyeongsangbuk-do province, was assessed in Hanwoo steers. A total of twelve Hanwoo steers (average BW = 412.08 kg) were allocated into a Control (fed no sesame meal) or Treatment (fed sesame meal from 14.6 months of age) group, considering BW and ages, and the animals were fed for a total of 480 days. The final BW, total gain and ADG for the Control and Treatment groups were 741.17 kg and 762.67 kg, 331.84 kg and 347.84 kg, and 0.69 kg and 0.72 kg, respectively, showing better performances in sesame meal-fed animals. Feed requirements during the whole experimental period improved by feeding sesame meal (15.31 and 14.87 for Control and Treatment group, respectively). Hanwoo steers fed sesame meal also showed a 22.83 kg heavier cold carcass weight (424.17 kg and 447.00 kg in the Control and Treatment group, respectively), and 2.41% improved dressing percentages (58.60% and 57.22% for the Control and Treatment group, respectively). The area of the M. longissimus dorsi was $91.83cm^2$ and $88.33cm^2$ in the Control and Treatment group, respectively. The final yield of A and B grade meat were 50 : 50% and 33.3 : 66.7% from the Control and Treatment group, respectively. The average marbling score was 4.83 and 5.50, and the numeric values for quality grade was 2.17 and 2.67 for the Control and Treatment group, respectively, showing better beef quality in sesame meal-fed Hanwoo steers. In fact, there were two animals with beef quality $1^{{+}{+}}$ in the sesame meal-fed group. The melting point of lipid extracted from the M. longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo steers was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Treatment group ($28.28^{\circ}C$) compared to the Control group ($30.65^{\circ}C$). The composition of saturated fatty acids, $C_{14:0}$ (myristic acid) and $C_{16:0}$ (palmitic acid), were significantly lower in sesame meal-fed animals, 4.70% and 2.20% for myristic acid, and 30.55% and 27.12% for palmitic acid, in the Control and Treatment group, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant differences in C18:0 (stearic acid) composition between the groups. The composition of a representative unsaturated fatty acid, $C_{18:1}$ (oleic acid), was significantly higher in Treatment animals (49.89%) than Control animals (44.29%) (p<0.05). The ratio of total monounsaturated fatty acids / saturated fatty acids; M/S) was 1.10 and 1.36 for the Control and Treatment groups, respectively, showing remarkably higher ratios in sesame meal-fed group. The content of glutamic acid, related to beef flavor, was significantly higher in the Treatment group (3.35 mg/100 g) compared to the Control group (1.88 mg/100g) (p<0.05). The tenderness score, evaluated by an eight-point scale in the panel test, and overall palatability (based on juiciness, flavor, oiliness, and umami) were significantly higher in the Treatment group (5.67 and 5.23, respectively) than the Control group (3.83 and 4.60, respectively) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the current results imply that sesame meal could serve as a good supplement for Hanwoo steers for producing high quality beef.

Studies for Antibiotic Free Chicken Production Using Water Extracts from Artemisia capillaris and Camellia sinensis (인진쑥 및 녹차 추출물을 이용한 무항생제 닭고기 생산 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Wook;Kim, Ji-Hyuk;Kang, Geun-Ho;Kang, Hwan-Ku;Park, Sung-Bok;Park, Jae-Hong;Bang, Han-Tae;Kim, Min-Ji;Na, Jae-Cheon;Chae, Hyun-Suk;Choi, Hee-Chul;Suh, Ok-Suk;Kim, Sang-Ho;Kang, Chang-Won
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.975-988
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    • 2010
  • Two experiments were conducted to determine whether water extracts from Artemisia capillaries (A. capillaries) and Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis) could be used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler feed. The experiment 1 was verified their chemical composition, extracts yields, total phenolic compounds concentration, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and chicken splenocytes proliferation through in vitro test. The extract yields of A. capillaries and C. sinensis were 26.5 and 16.8%, respectively. Total phenolic compounds concentrations of them expressed as gallic acid equivalent were 15.28 and 26.74 mg/mL, respectively. Electron donating abilities of them expressed as $SC_{50}$ showing 50% DPPH radical scavenging were 0.30 and 0.06 mg, respectively. Bacterial inhibitory rates of them against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium were ranged from 42.1 to 52.3% and from 21.6 to 33.7%, respectively. And, these extracts increased proliferation of chicken splenocytes. Especially, A. capillaris was more excellent than Echinacea and Concanavalin A known as T-cell stimulator. The experiment 2 was investigated their effects on growth performance, relative organ weight, cecal microflora, blood biochemical parameters, and splenic cytokines mRNA expression in broiler chicks. Four hundred eighty 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided in to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds in each group: NC (control, no antibiotics), PC (avilamycin, 10 ppm; salinomycin, 60 ppm), AC (A. capillaries, 100 ppm), and CS (C. sinensis, 100 ppm); treatments were administered through water supplementation. Final body weight was significantly higher in all treated groups than in NC (p<0.05). Cecal Salmonella numbers were significantly or somewhat decreased in all treated groups than in NC (p<0.05). The relative weights and lengths of the small intestine were more significantly decreased in the PC and AC groups than in the other groups. Cecal Salmonella numbers were significantly or somewhat decreased in all treated groups than in the NC group (p<0.05). The contents of total cholesterol, aspatate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in blood serum were more significantly decreased in all treated groups than in NC (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested the possibility that these extracts could serve as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters.

Characterization and Purification of the Bacteriocin Produced by Bacillus licheniformis Isolated from Soybean Sauce (간장에서 분리한 Bacillus licheniformis가 생산하는 박테리오신의 특성 및 정제)

  • Jung, Sung-Sub;Choi, Jung-I;Joo, Woo-Hong;Suh, Hyun-Hyo;Na, Ae-Sil;Cho, Yong-Kweon;Moon, Ja-Young;Ha, Kwon-Chul;Paik, Do-Hyeon;Kang, Dae-Ook
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.19 no.7
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    • pp.994-1002
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    • 2009
  • A bacteriocin-producing bacterium identified as Bacillus licheniformis was isolated from soybean sauce. Antibacterial activity was confirmed by paper disc diffusion method, using Micrococcus luteus as a test organism. The bacteriocin also showed antibacterial activities against Bacillus sphaericus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus planiarum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Pediococcus dextrinicus. Optimal culture conditions for the production of bacteriocin was attained by growing the cells in an MRS medium at a pH of 6.5~ 7.0 and a temperature of 37$^\circ$C for 36$\sim$48 hr. Solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, acetone, and acetonitrile had little effect on bacteriocin activity. However, about 50% of bacteriocin activity diminished with treatment of methanol and isopropanol at the final concentration of 50% at 25$^\circ$C for 1 hr. It was stable against a pH variation range from 3.0 and 7.0, but the activity reduced to 50% at a pH range from 9.0 to 11.0. It's activity was not affected by heat treatment at 100$^\circ$C for 30 min and 50% of activity was retained after heat treatment at 100$^\circ$C for 60 min, showing high thermostability. The bacteriocin was purified to a homogeneity through ammonium sulfate precipitation, SP-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The entire purification protocol led to a 75-fold increase in specific activity and a 13.5% yield of bacteriocin activity. The molecular weight of purified bacteriocin was estimated to be about 2.5 kDa by tricine-SDS-PAGE.

Processing of Water Activity Controlled Fish Meat Paste by Dielectric Heating 1. Formulation and Processing Conditions (내부가열을 이용한 보장성어육(고등어) 연제품의 가공 및 제품개발에 관한 연구 1. 원료${\cdot}$첨가물의 배합 및 가공조건)

  • LEE Kang-Ho;LEE Byeong-Ho;You Byeong-Jin;SUH Jae-Soo;JO Jin-Ho;JEONG In-Hak;JEA Yoi-Guan
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 1984
  • As an effort to expand the utilization of mackerel which has been thought disadvantageous to processors due to the defects in bloody dark color of meat, high content of lipid, and low stability of protein, and to develope a new type of product, so called, preservative fish meat paste, the processing method was studied in which dielectric heating was applied by means of cooking, pasteurization, dehydration, and control of water activity. The principle of this method is based on that dielectric heating can initiate a rapid dispersion or displacement of moisture in the meat tissue so that the level of water acivity can be controlled by dehydration with hot air meanwhile the product is cooked, pasteurized, and texturized. And the product is finally heated with electric heaters and vacuum sealed to stabilize water activity and storage stability. In present paper, a formula for preparing the fish meat-stach paste, the conditions of dielectric heating and dehydration, shape and size of the product, and other parameters were tested to optimize the process operation. A formula of the fish meat-starch paste to provide proper textural properties and water activity was $10\%$ starch, $1.5\%$ salt, $3\%$ soybean, $0.6\%$ MSG, $2\%$ sucrose, and $3\%$ sorbitol against the weight of fish meat. A proper shape and size of the product to avoid foaming and case hardening during heating was sliced disc of 8 cm $diameter{\times}0.8$ cm thickness or $10{\times}10$ cm square plate with 1.0 cm thickness. The disc shape was recommended because it resulted more uniform heating, minimum foaming and case hardening. And it was also advantageous that disc was simply provided when the fish meat disc was stuffed in the same, solidified in boiling water for 2 to 3 minutes, and sliced. Condition of dielectric heating was critical to decide the levels of sterility, water activity, and textural property of the product. The temperature at the center of the meat disc slices was raised up to $95^{\circ}C$ in 1.5 minutes so that continuous exposure to microwave caused expanded tissue and hardening ending up with a higher water content. Heating for 5 to 6 minutes was adequate to yield the final water activity of 0.86 to 0.83(35 to $40\%$ moisture). It is important, however, that heating had to be done periodically, for instance, in the manner of 2.0, 1.5, 1.5, and 1.0 minute to give enough time to displace or evaporate moisture from the meat tissue. The product was dehydrated for 2 to 3 minutes by hot air of $60^{\circ}C$, 3 to 5m/sec and finally exposed to electric heaters for 5 to 6 minutes until the surface was roasted deep brown. These conditions of heating and dehydration resulted in a complete reduction of total plate count from an initial count of $5.3{\times}10^6/g$ to less than $3{\times}10^2/g$. General composition of the product was $40.1\%$ moisture, $20.8\%$ protein, $17.4\%$ lipid, $16.2\%$ carbohydrate, and $5.5\%$ ash. Textural properties revealed folding test AA, hardness 42, cohesiveness 0.53, toughness 4.6, and elasticity 0.8.

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A comparative study of the puberty suppression effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in precocious or early puberty girls (중추성 성조숙증 및 조기 사춘기 여아에서 성선자극호르몬 방출호르몬작용제의 용량에 따른 사춘기 억제 효과 비교)

  • Shim, Kye-Shik;Bae, Chong-Woo;Yang, You-Jung
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.634-639
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : There has been considerable disagreement regarding the most appropriate dosage of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in cases of central precocious puberty. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate dosage for suppression of the puberty in girls with central precocious or early puberty. Methods : Twenty-two girls with early puberty were randomly subjected to 3 types of dosages of leuprolide acetate for at least 6 months. The number of cases in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 7, 7, and 8, and dosages were 70, 90, and $110{\mu}g/kg/-month$, respectively. Height, weight, bone age, Tanner stage of breast development, and serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone were measured before treatment and after 6 months of treatment. The number of cases of puberty suppression was compared using a modified puberty suppression score with a nonparametric chi-square test. Results : There were no significant differences of chronologic and bone ages among the groups. There was a significant decrease in height SDS gain after 6 months in group 3 (P<0.05) compared with groups 1 and 2. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were all significantly decreased after treatment in all 3 groups (P<0.05). The number of cases of puberty suppression in each group were 4 (57%), 5 (71%), and 8 (100%). There was a significantly increased proportion of suppression of puberty in group 3 (P<0.05). Conclusion : It was necessary to use a higher dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to suppress early puberty in girls; however further longitudinal study will be needed for their prognosis of final adult height.