• 제목/요약/키워드: Final closure

검색결과 81건 처리시간 0.026초

서해암 방조제 공사 기간중 유실토량 측정시험 (A Study of sea Dike meterials loss due to Scouring and Consolidation Settlement During the Periond of Construction on Construction on the West Cost of Korea)

  • 안재숙
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.2503-2519
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    • 1972
  • The studies were carried out to find the cause and the quantitative evaluation of sea dike materials loss which is occured during the period of construction works for the tideland reclamation projects on the west coast of Korea. Major subjects to studies were to establish the typical relationships between the tidal flow and the movement of dike materials, the tidal-flow and the erosion, the dike materials and the ratio of material movement(losses), construction methods and the ratio of materials movement (losses). Based on the above subjects, the studies were made for the purpose of obtain the following informations; (1) Collecting and evaluaing the data of dike material losses due to foundation settlement, from designed existing dikes on the west coast. (2) By the field investigation at A-San Sea Dike, Pyong Taek Project, the Comparison would be made by the relationships between the tide velocity and the movement of dike foundation under the natural conditions and the period of construction so that find out the relationship between the dike materials of foundation situation and settlements. With regard to the dike construction works, it is so difficult to calculate the exact quantity of material losses due to the foundation settlements. The major factors that affect the settlement losses of the dike materials are: (1) Topographical variation (2) Swepting the sectional area of dike by the tide velocity. (3) Dumping riprap to the outerside of dike during the period of construction works. (4) Sectional area losses by the cause of occurence of the new tide channels. (5) material losses by the heavy storms. (6) Consolidation settlement by the foundation weakness. (7) Material losses by the earth materials by tide flow. Most hi호 material losses were occured by the Consolidation settlement due to the foundation weakness, the maximum tide velocities due to decrease the cross sectional area of the gaps and erosion of foundation due to the range of tide, Inner and outerside of dike, or dike material loses due to the tide flow. Final conclusion would be obtained by the continuous measurement of consolidation settlement at the stage of final clusure of the dike. (It is scheduled to close on the end of 1972) However, intermediate conclusion can be introduced as follows: (1) The estimation of material(losses) during the period of construction works for the existing sea-dikes up to date were only empirical. The material losses at the general closure for design was estimated at 10% of the riprap, 20% of the earth materials, and 20% of the riprap, 40% of the earth materials at the final closure of the dike. The final closure estimated double quantity to the general closure, but it is still doubt. (2) The ratio of consolidation settlements was found smaller than the calculated quantity. It can be foreseen that settlement speeds is higher thom the calculated speeds. (3) The movement of dike foundation under the natural conditions were not so depends on the geological conditions of the foundation. (4) When the tide velocities was estimated 100 at the normal tide, it was estimated 125 at the high tide and 55 at the low tide. The tide velocities at the low tide shows apparently lower than the high tide and the higher velocities at the deep water depth.

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개방식 배농술을 이용한 만성 농흉 치료의 임상적 고찰 - 10년 경험 - (Clinical Study of the Treatment of Chronic Empyema with Open Window Thoracostomy: 10 Years Experience)

  • 김영규;김영대
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제40권11호
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    • pp.765-769
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    • 2007
  • 배경: 농흉의 근치적 치료 방법은 흉막박피술이 우선적으로 시도된다. 그러나 근치적 치료가 힘든 고 위험군 환자의 경우는 위험성이 높다. 과거에는 만성 농흉 치료의 최종 단계로서 개방식 배농술을 선택했으나, 일차적인 근치적 치료가 힘든 경우 개방식 배농술과 근육이식술(일시적 혹은 단계적)시행 후, 최종적으로 개방창 폐쇄술을 시도함으로써 비교적 안전하게 농흉의 치료를 꾀할 수 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1995년 1월 1일부터 2004년 12월 31일까지 농흉으로 개방식 배농술을 시행한 21명의 환자를 대상으로 원인 질환과 치료 경과 및 최종 결과를 후향적으로 조사 분석하였다. 결과: 평균연령은 $57.5{\pm}15.5$세($25{\sim}78$세)였으며, 남자 16명(76.2%), 여자 5명(23.8%)이었다. 폐기능 검사결과는 평균 FEV1이 $1.58{\pm}0.49 L$였다. 농흉의 원인으로는 결핵성 농흉이 13예(61.9%), 폐국균증이 3예(14.3%), 폐렴성 농흉이 3예(14.3%), 폐절제 후 농흉이 2예(10%)이었다. 이들 중 14예에서 기관지 흉막루가 있었고, 8예에서 흉막의 석회화가 동반되어 있었다. 기관지 흉막루가 존재한 환자들 중에서 4예는 첫 수술시 전거근으로 기관지 흉막루를 덮었다. 절제된 늑골의 개수는 평균 $4{\pm}1$개였다. 12예에서 개방창 폐쇄가 가능하였으며 개방식 배농술 후 개방창 폐쇄까지 평균적으로 걸린 기간은 $10.22{\pm}3.11$개월이었고, 최종 수술 전 남아 있는 흉막강 결손의 평균은 $330{\pm}110 cc$였다. 12예 중 자연적으로 개방창 폐쇄가 이루어진 경우가 2예, 술 중 접어 두었던 피부만으로 폐쇄 가능했던 경우가 2예, 근육피판치환술 시행이 7예(광배근 4예, 대흉근 3예), 연조직 이용이 1예였다. 합병증으로는 연조직만으로 개방창폐쇄를 꾀했던 1예에서 조직 괴사가 생겨 폐쇄에 실패하였고, 복직근을 사용한 환자에서 복부 탈장이 생긴 경우가 1예 있었으며, 수술 후 30일내 사망한 예가 1예였고 다른 1예는 전이성 암으로 사망하였다. 걸론: 근치적 방법으로 치료가 힘든 경우의 만성 농흉 환자들에게 있어 개방식 배농술과 근육이식술, 근육피판을 이용한 최종적인 개방창 폐쇄술까지의 단계적인 접근 방법이 안전하고 효과적인 대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

대형 잉곳의 업셋 단조에서의 기공 압착 거동에 관한 연구 (The Study of void Closing Behavior in Upset Forging of Large Ingot)

  • 이경진;배원병;조종래;김동권;김정태
    • 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.406-409
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    • 2005
  • In the forging operation of large ingot two break-down process are upsetting and cogging. The first purpose of upsetting is to ensure sufficient forging ratio for subsequent cogging operations and consolidate the voids along the centerline. The second purpose is related to improve the physical properties for a final product. Voids which are generated during the casting process can be one of the decisive defects of materials. So it is necessary to know the standard of Judgment for void-closure in upsetting operation. In practical conditions, FEM analysis(DEFORM 2D 8.1) was carried out to decide how much effective strain has influence on void-closure. It is finally suggested that the function consists of the effective strain of analysis data and the area rate of void.

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Production of English final stops by Korean speakers

  • Kim, Jungyeon
    • 말소리와 음성과학
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2018
  • This study reports on a production experiment designed to investigate how Korean speaking learners of English produce English forms ending in stops. In a repetition experiment, Korean participants listened to English nonce words ending in a stop and repeated what they heard. English speakers were recruited for the same task as a control group. The experimental result indicated that the transcriptions of the Korean productions by English native speakers showed vowel insertion in only 3% of productions although the pronunciation of English final stops showed that noise intervals after the closure of final stops were significantly longer for Korean speakers than for English speakers. This finding is inconsistent with the loanword data where 49% of words showed vowel insertion. It is also not compatible with the perceptual similarity approach, which predicts that because Korean speakers accurately perceive an English final stop as a final consonant, they will insert a vowel to make the English sound more similar to the Korean sound.

Closure of Myelomeningocele Defects Using a Limberg Flap or Direct Repair

  • Shim, Jung-Hwan;Hwang, Na-Hyun;Yoon, Eul-Sik;Dhong, Eun-Sang;Kim, Deok-Woo;Kim, Sang-Dae
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제43권1호
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2016
  • Background The global prevalence of myelomeningocele has been reported to be 0.8-1 per 1,000 live births. Early closure of the defect is considered to be the standard of care. Various surgical methods have been reported, such as primary skin closure, local skin flaps, musculocutaneous flaps, and skin grafts. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of myelomeningocele defects and present the surgical outcomes of recent cases of myelomeningocele at our institution. Methods Patients who underwent surgical closure of myelomeningocele at our institution from January 2004 to December 2013 were included in this study. A retrospective chart review of their medical records was performed, and comorbidities, defect size, location, surgical procedures, complications, and the final results were analyzed. Results A total of 14 patients underwent surgical closure for myelomeningocele defects. Twelve cases were closed with direct skin repair, while two cases required local skin flaps to cover the skin defects. Three cases of infection occurred, requiring incision and either drainage or removal of allogenic materials. One case of partial flap necrosis occurred, requiring secondary revision using a rotational flap and a full-thickness skin graft. Despite these complications, all wounds eventually healed completely. Conclusions Most myelomeningocele defects can be managed by direct skin repair alone. In cases of large defects, in which direct repair is not possible, local flaps may be used to cover the defect. Complications such as wound dehiscence and partial flap necrosis occurred in this study; however, all such complications were successfully managed with simple ancillary procedures.

한국어의 음절말 내파음의 후두조절 -화이비스코프 및 근전도에 의한 관찰- (Fiberscopic and Electromyograpic Study on Laryngeal Adjustments for Syllable-final Applosives in Korean)

  • 박혜숙
    • 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.53-67
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    • 2005
  • It is known that Korean stop consonants in syllable-initial position are of three types : lax, aspirated and forced (or unaspirated). In syllable-final position, however, these three different types are merged to a single type with the same place of articulation, although the original three-way distinction is preserved in Korean orthographic (Hangul) system. Thus the syllable-final stops are phonetically realized as voiceless "applosives" which are characterized by the absence of oral release. The aim of the present study is to investigate the laryngeal adjustments for these syllable-final stops in various phonological conditions by using fiberscope, and, is to further investigate electromyographically the laryngeal adjustments for Korean stops both in the syllable-initial and final positions in various phonological conditions. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. In the case of syllable-initial stops, the glottal widths in each three types of the Korean stops during the articulatory closure are clearly different. And the pattern of thyroarytenoid(VOC) activity appeared to characterize the three different types of Korean stops. 2. The basic laryngeal feature of the Korean syllable-final applosives is characterized by a small degree of glottal opening which begins at or slightly after the oral closure. 3. In the case, syllable-final stop followed by the copula "ita", the syllable- final stop is pronounced as the stop consonant at the initial position of the following syllable containing the vowel[i], the underlying features of three-way distinction for the stops in the Korean orthographic(Hangul) system being manifested at the laryngeal adjustment. 4. In the case of the final applosives followed by the initial stops and fricatives, the laryngeal feature of the final applosives appears to be assimilated by that of the following consonant irrespective of the difference in the place of articulation, as far as the glottal abduction/adduction is concerned. It is clearly demonstrated in the case of syllable-initial stop that thyoarytenoid(VOC) activity is suppressed for the production of the stop consonants in question, the degree of which is slightest for the forced type and most marked for the aspirated type, while it is moderate for the lax type.

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Multidirectional Vector Excision Leads to Better Outcomes than Traditional Elliptical Excision of Facial Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

  • Oh, Seung Il;Lee, Yoon Ho
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제40권5호
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    • pp.570-574
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    • 2013
  • Background The elliptical excision is the standard method of removing benign skin lesions, such as congenital melanocytic nevi. This technique allows for primary closure, with little to no dog-ear deformity, but may sacrifice normal tissue adjacent to the lesion, resulting in scars which are unnecessarily long. This study was designed to compare the predicted results of elliptical excision with those resulting from our excision technique. Methods Eighty-two patients with congenital melanocytic nevus on the face were prospectively studied. Each lesion was examined and an optimal ellipse was designed and marked on the skin. After an incision on one side of the nevus margin, subcutaneous undermining was performed in the appropriate direction. The skin flap was pulled up and approximated along several vectors to minimize the occurrence of dog-ear deformity. Results Overall, the final wound length was 21.1% shorter than that achieved by elliptical excision. Only 8.5% of the patients required dog-ear repair. There was no significant distortion of critical facial structures. All of the scars were deemed aesthetically acceptable based on their Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale scores. Conclusions When compared to elliptical excision, our technique appears to minimize dogear deformity and decrease the final wound length. This technique should be considered an alternative method for excision of facial nevi.

계측관리를 통한 방조제 바닥보호공의 침투거동분석 (Analysis of Seepage Behavior of Bottom Protection Layer by Filed Monitoring)

  • 강병윤;오영인;김기년;김현태
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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    • pp.806-813
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    • 2008
  • In this research, mainly research about the structural and functional stability of sea dyke with variation of seepage condition after final closure. The piezometric head (water head in embankment) monitoring system was installed at two representative final closure section. The dredged fine sand filling condition was evaluated by in-situ test results. Also, the numerical analysis was performed to determine the permeability of bottom protection layer filled with dredged fine sand by monitoring results. According to numerical back analysis results, the coefficient of permeability of bottom protection section of is $7.6{\times}10^{-6}$ m/sec. These results are noted that the bottom protection layer of sea dyke was strong and intensively filled with dredged sand. Also, based on the seepage analysis, the seepage flux of this sea dyke was calculated about $2.42m^3$/day/m which is 29% decreased value compare with adjacent sea dyke.

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A New Modality for Treating Congenital Melanocytic Nevus: "Cogwheel Pattern" Serial Excision Method

  • Kang, Hyun Gu;Park, Myong Chul;Park, Dong Ha
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.418-420
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    • 2014
  • Congenital melanocytic nevus consists of congregations of nevomelanocytes. It is found in approximately 1% of new born infants. Congenital melanocytic nevus needs to be excised before it transforms into a malignant lesion. Many strategies have been attempted for the removal and reconstruction of the nevus. Serial excision enables wound closure to be accomplished with a shorter scar than if the original lesion was elliptically excised in a single stage and reorientation of the scar closer to the relaxed skin lines. The routine utilization of an elliptical serial excision as a standard method of closure often leads to the formation of elongated scars and waste of skin. The "Cogwheel pattern" serial excision is a new technique for reducing the size of the nevus efficiently. Reducing the final scar length, distributing the tension over many directions, and having the chance of decrease in operation numbers are ultimately achieved with the use of the "Cogwheel pattern" serial excision.