• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.159-203
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• 2010

우주법상의 분쟁은 전문적, 기술적 성격을 띠고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 우주개발 기술이 발전된 선진국과 개발도상국가와의 이해관계의 차이가 매우 크다는 점에서 독특한 측면이 있다. 현재의 우주관련 협정들의 분쟁해결조항들을 분석해 보면 국가가 그들의 주권과 충돌하는 문제에 대해서 아직도 불신과 의구심을 드러내고 있다는 사실을 쉽게 간파할 수 있다. 그들은 사법적 판결이나 구속력 있는 중재에 분쟁해결을 의뢰하는 것을 꺼린다. 이러한 규정들은 정치적, 경제적, 사회적 이익과 인구통계학적 특성이 상이한 국가사이의 협상일 때 특히 그러하다. 그렇지만 국가들이 국가주권의 장벽을 걷어낼 필요성이 점점 커지고 있는 오늘날의 정치적, 경제적 그리고 기술적 압력들을 인식하게 되면서 이러한 태도는 서서히 그러나 명백히 변화하고 있다. 우주의 탐사 및 개발과 관련하여 증가하는 분쟁의 해결을 위한 효과적인 제도적 장치를 구축하는 작업은 국제기구나 개별국가뿐만 아니라 각국의 국제법 학자와 국제단체들에게 주어진 범세계적 연구과제라 할 것이다. 전술한 바 있는 1972년의 책임협약도 분쟁해결에 있어서 비교적 정교한 규정내용을 가진 우주관련 조약이긴 하지만 구속력 있는 결정을 확보하는 데는 실패했다. 이 조약의 채택이래로 강제적 관할권과 판정의 이행을 지지하는 압력단체가 출현하기도 했으며 특히 우주분쟁해결을 위한 분야별 국제적 메카니즘이 시급히 마련되어야 한다는 인식이 확산되었다. 이 점에서 1998년의 Taipei에서 채택된 분쟁해결을 위한 ILA의 협약 초안은 독립적인 분야별 우주분쟁해결 제도의 창설 여부에 대한 심도 있는 논의를 위해 의미가 큰 유용한 틀을 제공 하고 있다고 본다. 동 협약초안에 따르면 분쟁당사국 특히 우주선진국들이 구속적인 분쟁해결 절차를 꺼려한다는 사실을 고려하여 우주활동에 관한 분쟁을 선택적으로 해결하도록 할 수 있는 가능한 다양한 방법을 제시하고 있다는 점이 눈에 띈다. 즉, 당사자들은 이 협약을 서면, 비준, 가입할 때 동 협약의 해석이나 적용에 관한 분쟁을 해결하기 위하여 국제우주법재판소, 국제사법재판소 그리고 중재재판소 등 3가지 강제적 절차 중에서 하나 이상을 선택선언 할 수 있도록 하고 있는바 이것은 장차 우주활동에 따른 분쟁해결에 있어 커다란 시사점을 던져주는 것이기도 하다. 이제 국제우주법은 우주활동의 문제점과 복잡성을 조정할 수 있는 특성화된 분쟁해결체제의 요구로 국제우주법의 역사에 있어서 새로운 국면에 처해 있다. 아직은 우주선진국을 중심으로 구속적인 분쟁해결기구 창설에 반대하는 경향이 존재하는 것이 사실이지만 최근에 각 분야별로 국제법의 일반적인 준칙의 발전이 이루어져 가고 있고 해양법이나 형사법의 영역에서도 볼 수 있듯이 우주법 분야에 있어서도 점증하는 법적 분쟁의 해결을 위해 해양이용분야에 있어서의 해양법재판소 등을 참고하여 그에 준하는 효율적 분쟁해결기구의 탄생을 전향적으로 검토해야할 계제가 되었다는 점을 강조하고자 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.123-148
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• 1998

Recently many controversies originate for varies reasons, ranging from normal market competition to honest disagreements about rights. Disputes also arise from the clash between institutions and individuals. A free society should provide many systems for resolving controversies. We think of the courts as being primary, but, of course, they are not. In Korea, and in most other parts of the world, disagreements are resolved informally, without the need for judicial intervention. Settlements are worked out privately, usually without lawyers and certainly without judges. Most of judges are finding it difficult to cope with the needs and demands of society. Many businessmen who no longer want to get involved in lawsuits, are looking for alternative methods for resolving their disputes. However, there are actually two systems, litigation and arbitration only, to resolve disputes with binding both parties concerned. Litigation emphasizes on the equity and the justice with allowing three time's judgment for the resonable resolution, and arbitration, which is not subject to appeal, stress on the economic settlement rather than justice. Arbitration process results in a final and binding decisions. Although arbitration is a voluntary procedures that is created by the parties themselves, arbitration differs from mediation and conciliation because of its binding power. Arbitration is today coming into fashion as our primary methods for settling disputes. No company wants to have its funds tied up for long periods. Many parties prefer that the decision be final, rather than facing the prospect of extended appellate litigation. Therefore, government must encourage parties to settle their disputes by arbitration instead of litigation.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.453-460
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• 2004

To prevent penetration of rainwater into the landfill site is the main purpose of the final cover in landfill sites. Conventional designs of landfill covers uses geotextiles such as geomembrane and GCL, and clay liners to lower the permeability of final covers of landfill sites. However, differential settlement and the variation of temperature in landfill sites cause the development of cracks or structural damage inside the final cover and it is also difficult to obtain clay - the main material of the compacted clay liner in Korea. Thus the former final cover system that suggests geomembrane and GCL or compacted clay liner has several limitations. Therefore, an alternative method is necessary and one of them is the application of SRSL(self-Recovering Sustainable Liner) material. SRSL is two different layers consist of individual materials that react with each other and form precipitates, and with this process lowers the permeability of the landfill final cover. SRSL generally is made up of two layers, so that when a internal crack occurs the reactants of the two layers migrate towards the crack and heal it by forming another liner. In this study the applicability of SRSL material for landfill final cover was examined by performing; (1) jar test to verify the formation of precipitate in the mixture of each reactants, (2) falling head test considering the field stress in order to confirm the decrease of permeability or prove that the hydraulic condctivity is lower than the regulations, (3) compression tests to judge weather if the strength satisfies the restricts for landfills, (4) freeze/thaw test to check the applicability of SRSL for domestic climate. In addition, the application of waste materials in the environmental and economical aspect was inspected, and finally the possibility of secondary contamination due to the waste materials was examined by performing elution tests.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

본 연구는 매립지의 최종복토층으로 사용되는 점토 혹은 지오멤브레인의 부등침하 및 기상조건변화에 의한 균열에 취약한 점을 고려하여 균열 발생시 자가형성된 물질로 인하여 균열치유 작용을 할 수 있는 SRSL(Self Recovering Sustainable Liner)의 매립지 최종복토층으로서의 적용성을 파악하였다. SRSL 기법은 2개의 층을 두어 상, 하부층 사이 계면에 불투수성 물질을 생성하는 동시에, 균열발생 시에도 2가지 성분이 다시 결합하여 불투수성 물질을 재형성하는 역할을 수행한다. SRSL의 최종복토층의로서의 적용성 파악을 위해서 실험실에서 연성벽체 투수시험기를 사용하여 투수 특성을 파악하였고 일축압축시험을 통하여 강도 및 강성 특성을 파악하였다. 또한 최종 복토층의 경우 환경적인 요인에 직접적으로 노출되어 있기 때문에 동결/융해 및 건조/습윤에 따른 SRSL의 투수 및 강도 특성 또한 알아보았다. 시험 결과, SRSL은 낮은 투수계수와 기준보다 높은 강도를 가진 매립장의 복토층 재료로 적합한 물질로 판단되며, 동결/융해 및 건조/습윤의 환경적인 영향에 대해서도 안정한 것으로 판명되었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제17권
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• pp.103-110
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• 1997

This thesis is to investigate the one-dimensional consolidation behavior of soft marine clay with uniform surcharges by perfoming numerical and experimental works. Parametric experimental works of centrifuge model test were carried out changing test conditions of gravitational level in centrifuge, magnitude of surcharges and construction sequence of applying surcharges. Results of centrifuge model experiments were analyzed by using the numerical technique of explicit finite difference method based on the finite strain consolidation theory, being known to be appropriate to analyze the consolidational behavior of soft clay with a very high initial void ratio using the Lagrangian and the material coordinate systems. Test results were in relatively good agreements with analyzed results in terms of excess pore pressure dissipation and consolidation settlement with time and final void ratio distribution.

• ALGAE
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The natural growth of a population of Gomphosphaeria aponina Kutzing (Chroococcales, Cyanoprocaryota) was studied in a cemented freshwater tank in Allahabad, India. This population appeared to be a polymorphic species. Different species of the genus Gomphosphaeria have been segregated based on morphological features of colonies, cells and mucilage. However, these features are not well defined for different species. Our observations revealed many feature variations and, interestingly, certain features that have been described for different Gomphosphaeria species were seen in a single population. In this study, records of such variable morphological features were possible due to the availability of numerous specimens and continuous observations for more than two years. Further, this study revealed two points: (i) more detailed morphological studies are required both from nature as well as in culture to identify critical differences among the species, and (ii) molecular characterization of taxa appears to be necessary for final species settlement.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.15-17
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• 2003

One of the most serious problems that the world is facing is the loss of biodiversity and habitats as a result of environmental degradation. There are several strategies to protect the habitats and biodiversity within a certain region such as establishing protected areas; monitoring the remaining forests and managing the landscape within limits have been employed. In this study, Predicted Habitat Distribution Model (simple spatial modeling) was developed using vegetation types, land use and land cover, DEM, slope, drainage, roads, human settlement areas and minimum habitat requirements of each species. Then, based on the checklist of presence and absence of each species, the final habitat maps for selected endangered species are generated. Integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) has proven a very effective tool to generate wildlife habitat maps at various levels. An effecting mapping could be performed based on satellite remote sensing and modeling biodiversity indicators in GIS.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.313-316
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluation the consolidation behavior of agricultural reservoir in the very soft ground. The final settlement prediction methods by Hyperbolic and Asaoka methods were used to compare with the degree of consolidation estimated by exess pore water pressure. The dissipated excess pore water pressure during embankment construction and peak excess pore water pressure on the completed embankment were suggested for the estimation of the degree of consolidation. It was concluded that the degree of consolidation estimated from dissipated excess pore water pressure was more reliable than that from the peak excess pore water pressure.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2002

The paper is to show the behavior of composit ground which is installed with sheet pile in soft soil improved by sand compaction pile. The results of load-settlement relationship, earth pressure, stress concentration characteristics, and final water content were obtained by centrifuge model test. Two cases of tests, installation of sheet pile on the corner and both side of the loading plate for the improved SCP ground which was designed twice of the footing width, were performed for the tests under the vertical and horizontal loading and both side of corner. Finite element program(CRISP) for sand compaction pile using elasto-plastic model and numerical analysis for soft soil using modified cam-clay constitutive equation were compared and analized with the results of model tests. The result of analysis show the increased bearing capacity of soil after, SCP and sheet pile was installed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.824-827
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• 2006

The Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) method is one of the most widely used techniques to accelerate the consolidation process in-situ and hence increase its bearing capacity. In this paper, the degree of consolidation incorporated with PVDs was evaluated in O construction work site which composed with dredged soil. O Program PVD(Version 2.3) which developed by Asian Institute of Technology was used. The purpose of this analysis is efficiently to estimate the degree of consolidation by analyzing the surface settlement with time, and drainage at initial stage and final stage by using design-parameter which based on the in-situ tests and laboratory tests. This result can be compared with analysis of the degree of consolidation using Program PVD(Version 2.3) and the field observed data in the future studies.