• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.374-378
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• 2012

In an effort to overcome the problems which arise when fabricating high-aspect-ratio TSV(through silicon via), we performed experiments involving the void-free Cu filling of a TSV(10~20 ${\mu}m$ in diameter with an aspect ratio of 5~7) by controlling the plating DC current density and the additive SPS concentration. Initially, the copper deposit growth mode in and around the trench and the TSV was estimated by the change in the plating DC current density. According to the variation of the plating current density, the deposition rate during Cu electroplating differed at the top and the bottom of the trench. Specifically, at a current density 2.5 mA/$cm^2$, the deposition rate in the corner of the trench was lower than that at the top and on the bottom sides. From this result, we confirmed that a plating current density 2.5 mA/$cm^2$ is very useful for void-free Cu filling of a TSV. In order to reduce the plating time, we attempted TSV Cu filling by controlling the accelerator SPS concentration at a plating current density of 2.5 mA/$cm^2$. A TSV with a diameter 10 ${\mu}m$ and an aspect ratio of 7 was filled completely with Cu plating material in 90 min at a current density 2.5 mA/$cm^2$ with an addition of SPS at 50 mg/L. Finally, we found that TSV can be filled rapidly with plated Cu without voids by controlling the SPS concentration at the optimized plating current density.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.933-944
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• 1996

In this paper, two new techniques, the pattern filling and the refined flow field regeneration, based on the finite element method and Eulerian mesh advancement approach have been developed to analyze incompressible viscous flow with free surfaces. The gorerning equation for flow analysis is Navier-Stokes equation including inertia and gravity effects. The penalty and Newton-Raphson methods are used effectively for finite element formulation. The flow front surface and the volume inflow rate are calculated using the pattern filling technique to select an adequate pattern among five filling patterns at each quadrilateral control volume. By the refined flow field regeneration technique, the new flow field which renders better prediction in flow surface shape is generated and the velocity field at the flow front part is calculated more exactly. Using the new thchniques to be developed, the dam-breaking problem has been analyzed to predict flow phenomenon of fluid and the predicted front positions versus time have been compared with the reported experimental result.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1024-1029
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• 2012

As DME (Dimethyl ether) is the one of the future possible massive energy sources synthesized from natural gas, KOGAS has been doing to obtain overseas resources to meet the domestic needs. and tried to build new DME FPSO ship. This paper presents that it can help for the DME storage tank designers and storage management engineers doing proper work by understood the evaporation phenomena and pressure change of DME by thermal intake in storage tank. The experimental result shows that the evaporation rate and pressure are increased with higher liquid filling level. The proper DME liquid filling level in tank is obtained as lower than full 98% volume of tank in case of storing longer than a day, because the pressure is increased rapidly with full 98% filled level of storage tank.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06c
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

Micro-injection molding and microfluidic devices with the help of MEMS technologies including the LIGA process are expected to play important roles in. micro-system industries, in particular the bioapplication industry, in the near future. Understanding fluid flows in micro-channels is important since micro-channels are typical geometry in various microfluidic devices and mold inserts for micro-injection molding. In the present study, both experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to understand the detailed flow phenomena in micro-channel filling process. Three sets of micro-channels of different thickness were fabricated and a flow visualization system was also developed to observe the filling flow into the micro-channels. Experimental flow observations were extensively made to find the effects of channel width and thickness, and effects of surface tension and volume flow rate and so on. And a numerical analysis system has been developed to simulate the filling flow into micro-channels with the surface tension effect taken into account. Discussed are the flow visualization experimental observations along with the predictability of the numerical analysis system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.395-405
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• 2004

The filling pattern and an adaptive grid refinement based on the finite element method and Eulerian mesh advancement approach have been developed to analyze incompressible transient viscous flow with free surfaces. The governing equation for flow analysis is Navier-Stokes equation including inertia and gravity effects. The mixed FE formulation and predictor-corrector method are used effectively for unsteady numerical simulation. The flow front surface and the volume inflow rate are calculated using the filling pattern technique to select an adequate pattern among four filling patterns at each triangular control volume. By adaptive grid refinement, the new flow field that renders better prediction in flow surface shape is generated and the velocity field at the flow front part is calculated more exactly. In this domain the elements in the surface region are made finer than those in the remaining regions for more efficient computation. Using the proposed numerical technique, the collapse of a water dam has been analyzed to predict flow phenomenon of fluid and the predicted front positions with respect to time have been compared with the reported experimental results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.376-381
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• 2006

This study is experimented to observe an influence of experimental conditions on production characteristics of slurry ice by putting ball into test section to disturb ice adhesion. And at this experiment it used ethylene glycol-water solution and the concentration is 20wt%. The experimental apparatus was constructed of ethylene glycol-water solution and slurry ice storage tank. brine tank, pumps for ethylene glycol-water solution and brine circulating, a mass flow-meter data logger for fluid temperature measuring and a vertical circular tube with two copper tubes as test section. The experiments were carried out under various conditions, with mean velocity of fluid at the entry ranging from 0.07 to 0.13m/s and ball diameter is 10mm, 15mm. Also ball filling rate is 33%, 50%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2006

This study experimented to observe an influence of experimental conditions on production characteristics of slurry ice by putting ball into test section to disturb ice adhesion. And at this experiment it used ethylene glycol-water solution and the concentration is 20wt%. The experimental apparatus was constructed of ethylene glycol-water solution and slurry ice storage tank, brine tank. pumps for ethylene glycol-water solution and brine circulating, a mass flow-meter, data logger for fluid temperature measuring and a vertical circular tube with two copper tubes as test section. The experiments were carried out under various conditions, with mean velocity of fluid at the entry ranging from 0.07 to 0.13m/s and ball diameter is 10mm, 15mm. Also ball filling rate is 33%, 50%.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 1999

Biofiltration is an attractive technique for elimination of VOCs and odorous compounds from low-concentration, high-volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study was to estimate the removal characteristics of Odorous Compounds including $H_2$S, $NH_3$End BTEX in MSW landfill gases. This Study was conducted at Nanjido landfill site. A compost from the Nanjido composting facility was used as a filling material for biofiltration. Extracted landfill gases were injected into biofilter reactors after mixing with air. Experiments were performed in an incubator being set to $20^{\circ}C$ $H_2$S concentrations were monitored at the depths of 25, 50, 75 and 100cm from the bottom Of the biofilter reactors. 98% of $H_2$S was removed at the filling depth of only 25cm. NH$_3$removal rate was about 85%. Toluene removal rate was the highest among BTEX. Significant pH drop of a filling material was not observed during the biofilter operation of 1 month. Without mixing the landfill gas stream with all, the removal rate of $H_2$S decreased down to 30%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

The nitrogen (N) absorption and partition of the rice plants are important indicators that can be used to improve the N use efficiency (NUE) of the plants. Improving the plant NUE can help to avoid nutrient waste that may cause environmental pollution. To investigate the N absorption and partition of the rice plants, Hwaseongbyeo (Japonica) and Dasanbyeo (indica/japonica) were applied with N fertilizers at the rates of 60, 120, and 180 kg N per ha in paddy field. Also micro plots of $0.81m^2$ were established inside each plot for application of $^{15}N-labeled$ fertilizer. The differences in N utilization of the rice plants were associated with the total N absorption and partitioning after the heading stage. In the grain filling period, the increase of nitrogen content in the total and leaf blades of Dasanbyeo was higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo. Soil N was the main contributor for the increase of total N of Dasanbyeo during the grain filling period. The N fertilizer uptake rate of Hwaseongbyeo rapidly increased with the increment of N fertilization rate. In Dasanbyeo, N fertilizer uptakes were similar under all rates and times of N application. From heading stage to harvest, Dasanbyeo continued accumulating nitrogen, whereas Hwaseongbyeo had small changes. In conclusion, the difference in nitrogen absorption and partition after heading of the two cultivars was caused by the ability of Dasanbyeo to accumulate and remobilize soil nitrogen to the grains during the grain filling period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2015

Early-maturing Korean Japonica cultivars and Jungmo1024 were used as plant materials to evaluate hightemperature tolerance during grain filling stage. National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Korea developed Jungmo1024, a mutant line from Namil (wild type) treated by using sodium azide (SA) as mutagen. To evaluate high-temperature tolerance, all cultivars were exposed to high-temperature (day $31.5{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$/ night $27.5{\pm}1.3^{\circ}C$) and ordinary temperature (day $27.5{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$/ night $24.7{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$) during grain filling stage. In these conditions, we performed compared evaluation of grain shape such as length and width and grain quality by using a 1625 Cervitec grain inspector. High-temperature during grain filling stage caused decrease of grain shape. In grain shape such as length and width, the decrease rate of width (average 6.3%) was higher than the decrease rate of length (average 1.3%). Hence, high-temperature affected width of grain than length of grain. In addition, high-temperature showed a decided difference in rate of head rice between ordinary temperature (average 76.3%) and high-temperature (average 13.3%).As a result, Taebong, Ungwang, Manan, and Jungmo1024 seemed relatively a decent high-temperature tolerance than other cultivars. Especially, Jungmo1024 seemed remarkable rate of head rice (average $34.4{\pm}6.2%$) than other cultivars under high-temperature. It is considered that a genetic trait of Jungmo1024 can be useful to improve breeding for high-temperature tolerance.