• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

The objectives of this study, an analysis of the morphological characteristics among six provenances of a rare Rhododendron micranthum could be used for the conservation of gene resources and could provide information on superior trees selection. The following results were obtained. Approximately Mt.worak region showed larger values at petal character. On the other hand, Bonghwa region showed smaller values at petal character. Yeonha-ri region showed larger values at leaf character. On the other hand, Bonghwa region showed smaller values at leaf character. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) for morphological characteristics showed that the first for principal components(PC's) explained 41.6% of the total variation. From th third PC explained 81.5% of the total variation. The first PC was correlated with those characteristics that were mainly related to the Petal length (PL), Leaf length (LL) width (LW), Stigma length (SL). The second PC was correlated with the Petiole length (PTW), Anther length (AL). The third PC was correlated with the Flower pedicel length (FPL), Filament length (FL). Therefore, these characteristics was important to analysis of the variation for morphological characteristics among provenances of Rhododendron micranthum. Cluster analysis using single linkage method based on morphological characteristics showed that six provenances of Rhododendron micranthum could be clustered into three groups. Group I is Jicdong-ri, Group II is Mt.worak and Yeonha-ri, and Group III is Taeback, Bonghwa, and Samcheok. These results corresponded well with that of principal component analysis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.699-705
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• 1999

The effects of iron on gill tissue and metabolic rate represented by oxygen consumption of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were determined. The effects were further studied by means of survival rate of the fish exposed to a serial concentrations of iron. The olive flounder exposed to iron concentrations over 0.93 mg/$\ell$ showed curvature and terminal clubbing of gill lamellae at 2 weeks post-exposure. In iron concentration 4.89 mg/$\ell$, gill of the fish were seriously damaged just after 2 weeks, showing hyperplasia of filament epithelia, deformation of lamella epithelia, chloride cell damage, and separation of lamella epithelial layer, Gills exposed to 9.78 mg/$\ell$ iron concentration resulted in fusion and necrosis of the lamellae after 2 weeks. Significant decreases of metabolic rate of the fish were observed after 4 weeks at iron concentration 0,93 mg/$\ell$ and after 2 weeks at iron concentrations over 4.89 mg/$\ell$. Survival rate of the olive flounder decreased significantly after 4 weeks at the iron concentration over 4.89 mg/$\ell$. These results lead us to conclude that, as far as the iron effects are concerned, its concentrations should not exceed at least more than 0.93 mg/$\ell$ in the fish farm and coastal waters for normal growth of the olive flounder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.24-24
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• 1998

반도체장비를 포함하는 초고진공장비의 園훌化가 급속히 그리고 절실히 요구되고 있는 것이 현실정이다. 當面해서 실현할 국산진공장비의 대상은 廣範圍하다. 즉, 각종 진공 pump ( (rotary, dry, diffusion, cryo, ion, turbo melecular pump), 진공 chamber, 진공 line, gate valve 를 위 시 한 진공 V머ve, flange, gasket, fl않d야lU, mainpulater 퉁 진공 部品이 다. 진공계 의 핵심 은 適切하고 優良한 진공재료의 선태파 사용이다. 진공장비는 사용자가 원하는 진공도를 원하 는 시간 동안 륨空度를 유지해 주어야 한다. 진공재료 선태의 기준사항은:(1) 기체의 透過성 (2) 薰했훌 (3) 혔體放出특성 - -outgassing과 degassing- (4) 機械的 량훌度 (5) 온도 의존성 (6) 化學톡성 (7) 加I성 및 鎔接 성 (8) 課電특성 (9) 磁氣특성 (10) 高速함子 및 放射線 특성 (11) 經濟성 및 調達생 둥이 다. 우량한 초고진공계재료는 풍부하게 개발되어 왔고, 또 新材料들이 개발되고 있다. 여기에서는 주로 초고진공 내지는 극고진공계의 構造材料, 機能材料, 部品材料 일반파 몇가지 신재료의 특 성에 관해서 記述한다. M Mild SteeHSAE, 1112, 1010, 1020, 1022, etc)., S Stainless SteeHAlSI, 304, 304L, 310, 316, 321, 347): 구조재료, chamber, fl하1ges A Aluminum과 Alloys (1060, 1100, 2014, 4032, 6(뻐1): 구조재료, chamber, flanges, gaskets A AI, Al 떠loy는 SS에 代替하는 역 할올 시 작하고 있다. C Copper, Copper Alloys(C11$\alpha$)0, C26800, C61400, Cl7200): 내장인자, gasket, cryopanel, tubing T Titanium, Ziriconium, Haf띠um 및 Alloys: 특히 Ti은 10n pump 용 getter material 이 외 에 U UHV,XHV용 chamber계로서 관심올 끌고 있다. N Nickel, Nickel Alloys (200, 204, 211, monel, nichrome): 부식 방지 , 전자장치 , 자기 장치 귀 금속(Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os, Ru): 보조부품, gasket, filament, coating, thermocouple, 접 합부위 T TiC, SiC, zrC, HfC, TaC 둥의 탄화물과, BN, TiN, AlN 동의 질화물, 붕화물이 둥장하고 었 다. 유리: Soda Lime, Borosilicate, Potash Soda Lead: View Port, Chamber envelope C Ceramics: AlZ03, BeO, MgO, zrOz, SiOz, MgOzSiOz, 3Alz032SiOz, Z$textsc{k}$hSiOz S상N4: e electrical, thermal insulators, crucibles, boats, single crystals, sepctr려 windows 저자는 최근 저자들이 발견한 Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Be amorphous alloys coated cham뾰r가 radiation p proof로 이용될 수 있는 사실을 점검하고 었다 .. Z.Y. Hua 들은 Cs3Sb를 새로운 photocathode 재료로 보고하고 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2011

The micropyles on the prefertilized and artificial fertilized eggs of Epinephelus fasciatus were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micropyles ($6.6{\pm}0.41\;{\mu}m$) of E. fasciatus eggs were found in the animal pole and theirs shape were observed as a flat crateriform of cylindrical shape. The micropylar vestibule arranged by 6~7 thickened spiral annuli on the ridge and contributed to differentiate and form fertilization cone for blocking to polyspermy by presenting swollen vestibule structure. As E. fasciatus eggs was pelagic, so chorionic surface was an uneven structures such as circular and fillar form nodules. Especially, various pores (0.15~0.55 ${\mu}m$, 230~270 pores) distributed at the only around micropyles, those pores radiately exhibited regular projection structures showing gill filament-shape. These ultrastructural characters of E. fasciatus eggs can be utilized in a taxonomical cue of grouper species.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

This study investigated external symptoms, behavior characteristics and the distribution pattern of the scuticociliates in the skin, gill and blood vessel of the tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, infected with scuticociliates among tiger puffer cultured. The fish infected with scuticociliates did not show any external symptoms, such as change in body color or swimming behavior, in the early infection stage. However, they showed congestion, erosion, and ulcer on the skin and fin at advanced stages. They showed a turning movement, mainly stayed on the bottom, and swam with their mouths open at the surface of water. Some fish showed a sudden swimming movement of zigzag type. The scuticociliates were ovoid in shape and $20\times40{\mu}m$ in size. The scuticociliates had a contractile vesicle and a caudal cilium that ranged 10-12 ${\mu}m$, and reproduced by binary fission. Therefore the scuticociliates were identified as ciliated, belonging to class Hymenostomatia, order Scuticociliatida in morphogenetic character. The gills infiltrated with scuticociliates showed clubbed gill filament due to hypertrophy of gill lamella. Within the blood vessels, scuticociliates were observed one to ten individuals, depending on diameter of the blood vessels. Some of the scuticociliates were observed to have ingested erythrocytes.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1998

To know the features of Amyloodinium sp. parasitized in Black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, morphology and reproduction type of the parasite were investigated. Infection mode and histopathology of the parasites were also studied. In the developmental and morphological observation, the parasite passed through parasitic and non-parasitic phases with three developmental stages termed trophont, tomont, and dinospore. The trophont, 30-$80{\mu}m$ ovoidal or pyriform, for the vegetative stage had a spherical nucleus with $1.5{\mu}m$ in diameter, many food vacuoles and starch grains in cytoplasm. The tomont, 80-$90{\mu}m$ spherical, for the reproductive stage resorbed a stalk, secreted a cyst wall and reproduced within it. A dinospore, small 10-$15{\mu}m$ biflagellated, for the infestation stage had a stigma. The parasite was propagated for 15 days by serial passage in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Trophonts began to detach from the fish about 3 days after infection and was completed within 5 days at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. It took from 3 to 5 days to reproduce at the same temperature. Reinfected fish showed that parasites penetrated under the epithelia of gill filament and gill lamellae causing hyperplasia and degeneration at infected area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

The effects of surface treatment on the hydrogen storage properties of a $Mg_2Ni$ alloy particle were investigated by the microvoltammetric technique, in which a carbon-filament microelectrode was manipulated to make electrical contact with the particle in a KOH aqueous solution. It was found that the hydrogen storage properties of $Mg_2Ni$ at room temperature were improved by the surface treatment with a nickel plating solution. The sodium salts(sodium phosphate and sodium dihydrogen citrate) contained in the nickel plating solution made the alloy form an amorphous-like state, resulting in an improved hydrogen charge/discharge capacity at room temperature as high as about 150[mAh/g] from the original value of 17[mAh/g]. Potential-step experiment was carried out to determine the apparent chemical diffusion coefficient of hydrogen atom($D_{app}$) in the alloy. Since the alloy particle we used here was a dense, conductive sphere, the spherical diffusion model was employed for data analysis. $D_{app}$ was found to vary the order between $10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-9}[cm^2/s]$ over the course of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation process.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 1986

Eik-Nes (1966) reported that the mechanism of spermatogenesis is controlled by FSH and LH and maintaned normally in scrotum terperautre which is 3-5$^{\circ}C$ lower than body termperature. But Ojeda and Ramirez (1972) have described that the abdominal testis was shrinked severely and lost its normal function in congenital cryptorchidism or surgically induced cryptorchidism. Ramirez and Sawyer (1974) reported that the compensatory hypertorphy occured in the remaining testis of unilateral castration and the scrotal testis of unilateral cryptorchidism. Cunninham et al. (1978) reported that the serum FSH levle increased after unilateral castration. Frankel and Wright (1982) reported that the serum LH level was unchanged greatly after unilateral castration. Gomes and Jain (1976) reported that the serum testosterone level increased temporarily but not varied after unilateral castration. On the other hand, Kormano et al. (1964) reported that the serum FSH level in unilateral cryptorchidism rat was unchanged in contrast with the control and Risbirdger et al. (1981) reported that the serum LH level was unchanged till 2 weeks after operation and after then increased to 77%. Kim (1984) reported that the serum testosterone level was somewhat lower than that fo control group but there was't significant different. There were many different reports on hormone levels among different investigators when the immarue rats were castrated unilaterally or induced cryptorchidism unilaterally. Liang and Liang (1970) and Cunningham et al. (1978) described that there were no true compenastory hypertrophy in the remaining testis of unilateral castration and scrotal testis of unilateral testis of unilateral cryptorchidism in rat but they grew faster than that of control. Kormano et al.(1964), Damber et al.(1976), Cunningham et al.(1978) and Karpe et al.(1981) reported that the testis weight, germinal epithelia height and seminiferous tubules diameter developed continuously and similarily in the control, the remaining testis of unilateral castration and scrotal testis of unilateral cryptorchidism increased, however, in the abdominal testis of the unilateral cryptorchidism, they were much smaller than those of other groups. In observation of the histological changes in the seminiferous epithelium of control, remaining tesis of unilateral castration and scrotal testis of unilateral cryptorchidism differentiated and developed fully(Cunningham et al., 1978). However, the abdominal testis of unilateral crytorchidism degenerated severely and only the germ cells in early stage and Sertoli cells were found in the seminiferous tubules. (Damber et al., 1976, Gomes and Jain, 1976 and Karpe et al., 1981). By electron microscopic observation, Nagano (1963) and Leason and Leeson (1970) found that the abdominal testis of unilateral cryptorchidism was thicked in boundary tissue, increased lipid droplet in the Sertoli cell, disarranged axial filament complex and increased lipid inclusions in the Sertoli cell.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Fifteen diseased rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) were collected from 4 net-cage farms in Huksan island. Some round transparent nodules were observed on gill filaments in fish. Bacteriological and histopathological examinations on the diseased fish were performed. Any pathogenic bacteria could not be isolated from the internal tissues and histopathological alterations were not found in any of the tissues except the gills. Rock fish were infected with epitheliocystis, Microcotyle sebastes and unknown aetiology on the gills. Cysts of epitheliocystis measuring 44.1-68.9 $\mu{m}$ in diameter were mainly found in the distal portion of the gill filaments and sometimes in the middle portion. But host responses were moderate in spite of formation of the epithelial cysts. Some Microcotyle sebastes captured the secondary filaments with clamps on the opisthohaptor. Attachment of the parasites provoked epithelial proliferation and resulted in gill lamellar fusion.Cysts of unknown origins measuring 26-425 $\mu{m}$ in diameter were found in the cartilage of gill filaments. These cysts contained eosinophilic materials and proliferation of cartilage cells was confirmed around the cysts. But there was no significant pathological changes associated with the presence of the cysts except enlargement of the gill filament with the cysts.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2011

Objectives : We have studied to know analgesic effects of the combination of Aconitum Cilliare Tuber with honey in the models of peripheral neuropathic pain. Methods : Neuropathic pain model was made by ligating left 5th lumbar spinal nerve. After 3 days, combination of Aconitum Ciliare Tuber and honey extract was administrated each alternate day. Administration was divided three groups, that is NP-OA1(0.06 mg/ml), NP-OA2(0.24 mg/ml), and NO-OA3(0.96 mg/ml). After that, we examined the withdrawl response of neuropathic rats legs by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also we examined c-Fos, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase(GPT) and change of weight. Results : Mechanical allodynia in NP-OA1 groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Cold allodynia in all experimental groups were no significant differences with the control group. c-Fos protein expression on the central grey, all experimental groups were lower than that of control groups. But, there were no statistically significant differences. Change of weight in all experimental groups were significantly increased compare with the control group. In blood serum GOT in NP-OA1, NP-OA2 groups were significantly decreased compare with the control group. In blood serum GPT in all experimental groups were no significant difference with the control group. Conclusions : We had noticed that the combination of Aconitum Ciliare Tuber and honey decreased mechanical allodynia in the model of neuropathic pain compared with the control group and it has not efficacy in elevation of GOT, GPT and weight loss etc., the element of which becomes damage to liver. This study can be proposed that Aconitum Ciliare with Honey may be applicable to neuropathic pain in clinic. But it is reliability not that cold allodynia and c-Fos expression have effectively to control pain. Therefore we have to follow up about that.