• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.288-294
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• 2009

Flow field-flow fractionation (Fl-FFF) device has been widely used to verify the size and molecular weight of various colloids and organics. The Fl-FFF, however, generally uses carrier solutions with only low to moderate ionic strengths to exclude the high affinity of materials to the membrane under high ionic strength conditions. Thus, materials existing in seawaters have not been accurately analysed based on the hydrodynamic size and molecular weight using current Fl-FFF techniques. The highest ionic strength tested was up to 0.1 M, while seawater ionic strength is about 0.6 M. The aim of this study is to accurately measure the hydrodynamic size of particles under carrier solutions close to seawater conditions with the Fl-FFF. By employing various operating conditions during the Fl-FFF analyses, it was demonstrated that the flow conditions, the concentration of surfactants, and stabilization times were key factors in acquiring compatible data. Results have shown that the cross flow was more influential factor than the channel flow. The concentration of the surfactant was to be at least 0.05% and the minimum 15 hr of stabilization was needed for accurate and reproducible data acquisition under seawater condition.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.848-855
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• 1995

The influence of gravitational effect on the retention behaviors of polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in flat type thermal field flow fractionation (Thermal FFF) was studied. In the case of downward flow of mobile phase, the gravitational effect acting in the same direction of mobile phase flow increases as the angle of the system from the horizontal line (0˚to 60˚) increases. The decreasement of retention time of PS & PMMA was found. Also, the increasement of dimensionless λ values was found. And the difference in the retention time of PS & PMMA having different molecular weight decreases and also the resolution decreases. In the case of upward flow of mobile phase, the gravitational effect acting in the opposite direction of mobile phase flow increases as the angle of the system from the horizontal line (0˚to 60˚) increases. The increasement of retention time of PS & PMMA was found. Also, the decreasement of dimensionless λ values was found. And the difference in the retention time of PS & PMMA having different molecular weight increases and also the resolution increases.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

A flow and sedimentation field-flow fractionation method has been used to characterize colloidal particles in environmental samples. The opposed flow sample concentration (OFSC) method was employed. The OFSC procedure was optimized for the analysis of particles in ground water with respect to various experimental parameters including sample introduction time, flow rates, etc. The effectiveness in low concentration and characterization of the OFSC-FlFFF was demonstrated with GW-1 and GW-2 ground water samples. Ground water of upto 100 mL has been successfully loaded, concentrated, and characterized by OFSC-FlFFF. The OFSC technique allow the application of FlFFF possible for the separation and characterization of colloidal particles in very low concentrations. The results show FFF provides a simplified alternative to existing off-line concentration procedures, and shows a high potential for the applications to the analysis of dilute colloidal particles in the environmental samples.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2013

Gravitational field-flow fractionation (GrFFF) is a separation technique that utilizes earth's gravity as the external field. GrFFF is a convenient tool for the size and/or density-based separation of micron-sized particles of various origins. In this study, GrFFF was employed for size-based separation of oyster mushroom spores. Oyster mushroom spores have smooth surface and are of cylindrical to narrow kidney-shapes with 5 to 12 im in longer dimension and 3 to 4 im in shorter dimension, as was confirmed by optical microscope (OM). GrFFF conditions were optimized for separation and characterization of spores by varying the channel flow rate from 0.5 to 1 mL/min. During the GrFFF elution of the spores, 3 fractions were collected to confirm the growth of oyster mushroom spore. The collected fractions were incubated for 30 days in water to examine the influence of the size on the growth of the spores. Results suggested that the oyster mushroom spores collected at the middle part of the GrFFF fractogram grew faster than those collected at the beginning or at the end of the fractogram.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.160-161
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.192-194
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• 2004

FFF에서 외부장은 시료의 종류에 따라 선택적으로 사용되며, 그 외부장의 종류에 따라 세부기술로 구분되어진다. 원심력(gravitational or centrifugal field)을 외부장으로 사용하는 침강장-흐름분획법(sedimentation FFF)은 지름이 0,05∼1um정도인 콜로이드 입자의 분리에 좋은 방법이다. 온도구배(thermal fradient)를 이용하는 열장-흐름분획법(thermal FFF)은 유기 고분자의 분리 및 고분자의 물성연구에 이용된다.(중략)

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2017

Exposure to UV light, i.e., UV-A (320-400 nm) or UV-B (290-320 nm) radiation, can cause skin cancer. Titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) effectively disperses UV light. Therefore, it is used as a physical UV filter in many UV light blockers. Usually, the $TiO_2$ content in commercialized UV blockers is 25 % at most. To block UV-B, a chemical UV blocker, octyl-methoxy cinnamate (OMC) is used. OMC is commonly used in combination with $TiO_2$. In this study, $TiO_2$ and OMC were mixed in different proportions to produce UV blockers with different compositions. Also the changes in the sun protection factor (SPF) based on the composition and $TiO_2$ particle sizes were investigated. In order to analyze the $TiO_2$ particle size, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) were used. The results showed that the SPF was influenced by the proportion of $TiO_2$ and OMC, where the proportion of $TiO_2$ induced a more significant influence. In addition, changes in the $TiO_2$ particle size based on the proportion of OMC were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.419-427
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• 1992

The performance of homemade thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF) and the optimization for separation are investigated in terms of retention parameters and selectivity using polystyrene standards. The ribbonlike channel was constructed by sandwiching two Mylar spacers between two highly polished copper bars which serve as channel walls. The hot bar was heated by two electrical cartridge heaters and the cold bar had holes through the entire length, allowing tap water as coolant to enter. It has been observed that the retention of polystyrenes increases as the temperature gradient increases. And the retention decreases as the cold wall temperature increases from 20 to $45^{\circ}C$. In comparison with size exclusion chromatography, ThFFF is more selective but has relatively low efficiency. It has been found that the plate height is proportional to the flow velocity and good estimates of polydispersities can be made directly from the ThFFF data.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.110-112
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• 1998

1. 서론 : 분석화학의 중요한 과제중 하나 고효율(high efficiency)과 고해상도(high resolution)를 가지고서 혼합물에서 분자나 입자의 분리능을 개선하는 것과 낮은 수준의 농도에서 이런 분획들(fractions)을 정량화 하는 것이다. 현재의 추세는 분리하고자 하는 분자의 상한선을 증가시키는 것이 순수과학과 산업에서 중요하게 되었다. 이런 분리 기술의 응용은 거대분자(macromolecules)와 입자들(particles)인 cell fragments, plasmides, chromosomes, liposomes, synthetic polymers 등에 적용되고 있는데, 고전적인 분석방법으로는 한외여과, 원심분리, 크기배제 크로마토그래피 등이 있지만 시간이 걸리고 해상도와 효율에 제한이 있다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.04b
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• pp.59-61
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• 1997

최근 신소재에 관한 연구는 첨단기술 발전에 주요한 역할을 하고 있음은 주지의 사실이며, 특히 다목적, 다기능 고분자는 여러 분야에 활용되므로 이에 관한 집중적인 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 고분자는 보통 화합물과는 달리 여러 분자량의 중합체가 분포되어 있으므로 물리-화학적 특성을 알아내기가 힘들뿐만 아니라, 이러한 고분자 물질의 분자량, 분자량 분포 등의 정보가 폭 넓게 파악되어야만 그 물질의 정확한 활용과 소재 개발이 가능하다. 특히 protein 등과 같은 생체 고분자들은 유전, 특정 반응에 작용하는 효소, 호르몬 등 수많은 연구가 진행 중에 있으나 그 분리.정제 과정은 상당히 어려우며, 경우에 따라서는 분리. 정제 과정에서 활성을 잃은 경우도 있다. 따라서 이러한 고분자들의 물성을 확인하는 과정이 최우선적으로 필요하다.