• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.790-797
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient intakes and the physical activities of mentally retarded persons (MRPs) accommodated in welfare institutions. A total of 194 cases of MRPs (130 males and 64 females) were surveyed through interviews of the 35 caregivers of the institutions during the period from March 2 to 12, 2005. The mean age of the 2nd degree is the highest, and the duration of institution stay of the 2nd degree is the longest. There were no significant differences in height, weight, but there were still significant differences in BMI by the degree of handicap. The MRPs with the 1st degree handicap consumed less nutrients than the MRPs with 2nd or 3rd degree handicaps, except for vitamins C and E. The mean activity factor was $1.737{\pm}0.422$ meaning 'active'. Among the comparative groups, the activity factor of the 2nd handicap degree MRPs was the highest. Note that the percentage of protein is the lowest in the case of the 1st degree handicap. The intake of the folic acid, in particular, was less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) in case of all the MRPs while that of vitamin C, riboflavin and calcium was less than the EAR in case of $65{\sim}80%$ of the MRPs. MRPs with higher activity factors showed higher intakes of most nutrients except vitamin C. MRPs with higher marks in the 'balanced dietary habit' field showed more nutrient intakes. More consumption of vegetables and fruits by the MRPs was recommended. Also, more efficient dietary guidance was recommended for the MRPs.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.353-370
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 KDC 4판에 대한 개정 논의가 공개된 시점에서 KDC 제4판의 역사류(역사, 지리, 전기) 및 관련 보조구분(조기표)에 있어서 DDC, NDC, UDC 및 KDC의 관련부분들을 비교$\cdot$검토하여 KDC 해당 부분의 제반 문제점을 지적한 다음, 그 개선책을 제시함으로써 KDC 제5판의 개정방향을 제시하고자 하는데 그 의의를 두고 있다. 구체적으로는 KDC 4판에서의 역사류(900)를 비롯하여 관련 보조표(지역구분표) 및 해설부분의 모순점이나 오류사항을 지적하면서 바로 잡는 것을 골자로 하여, 지역구분표(조기표)를 현실에 맞게 세분$\cdot$확장하고 역사총괄부분(900)이나 지리총괄부분(980)에 $\lceil$내부보조표$\rfloor$를 신설함으로써 누락되거나 혼잡스러운 부분을 수정$\cdot$보완하였고, 역사류(900), 민속학(380) 등의 세분 전개에 필요한 사람관련 보조표인 $\lceil$민족$\cdot$국가 군구분표$\rfloor$를 신설하였다. 그리고 연구진행에 따라 필요하게 된 분류주기를 해당부분에 구체적으로 설정하였다. 지면 제약으로 인해 일부 세분$\cdot$전개내용은 동일한 전개의 해당 다른 자료(분류표 등)를 안내하는 경우도 있으나 본 연구의 본질적 성격은 개정 시에 실제로 적용될 수 있도록 구체적으로 제시하고자 의도된 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2018

The tube formation assay is a widely used in vitro experiment model to evaluate angiogenic properties by measuring the formation of tubular structures from vascular endothelial cells (ECs). In vitro experimental results are crucial when considered the advisability of moving forward to in vivo studies. Thus, the additional attentions to the in vitro assay is necessary to improve the quality of the pre-clinical data, leading to better decision-making for successful drug discovery. In this study, we improved the tube formation assay system in three aspects. First, we used human endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), which are endothelial precursors that have a robust proliferative capacity and more defined angiogenic characteristics compared to mature ECs. Second, we utilized a real-time cell recorder to track the progression of tube formation for 48 hours. Third, to minimize analysis error due to the limited observation area, we used image-stitching software to increase the microscope field of view to a $2{\times}2$ stitched area from the $4{\times}$ object lens. Our advanced tube formation assay system successfully demonstrated the time-dependent dynamic progression of tube formation in the presence and absence of VEGF and FGF-2. Vatalanib, VEGF inhibitor, was tested by our assay system. Of note, $IC_{50}$ values of vatalanib was different at each observation time point. Collectively, these results indicate that our advanced tube formation assay system replicates the dynamic progression of tube formation in response to angiogenic modulators. Therefore, this new system provides a sensitive and versatile assay model for evaluating pro- or anti-angiogenic drugs.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2012

Since the development of surface magnetic features should reflect the evolution of the solar magnetic field in the deep interior of the Sun, it is crucial to study properties of sunspots and sunspot groups to understand the physical processes working below the solar surface. Here, using the data set of sunspot groups observed at the ButterStar observatory for 3,364 days from 2002 October 16 to 2011 December 31, we investigate temporal change of sunspot groups depending on their Z$\ddot{u}$rich classification type. Our main findings are as follows: (1) There are more sunspot groups in the southern hemisphere in solar cycle 23, while more sunspot groups appear in the northern hemisphere in solar cycle 24. We also note that in the declining phase of solar cycle 23 the decreasing tendency is apparently steeper in the solar northern hemisphere than in the solar southern hemisphere. (2) Some of sunspot group types make a secondary peak in the distribution between the solar maximum and the solar minimum. More importantly, in this particular data set, sunspot groups which have appeared in the solar southern hemisphere make a secondary peak 1 year after a secondary peak occurs in the solar northern hemisphere. (3) The temporal variations of small and large sunspot group numbers are disparate. That is, the number of large sunspot group declines earlier and faster and that the number of small sunspot group begins to rise earlier and faster. (4) The total number of observed sunspot is found to behave more likewise as the small sunspot group does. Hence, according to our findings, behaviors and evolution of small magnetic flux tubes and large magnetic flux tubes seem to be different over solar cycles. Finally, we conclude by briefly pointing out its implication on the space weather forecast.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제12C권7호
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 2005

TCP SACK은 sink의 순차적인 필드 상태를 나타내는 유일한 메커니즘이며, 여러 가지 변형된 TCP들은 최적의 성능을 위해서 SACK 메커니즘을 적용할 수 있다. RFC 2018에서 SACK 옵션은 수신자 측에 쌓여진 데이터 큐 각각의 연속된 블록으로 2개의 32비트로 정의되어 있다. TCP 옵션 필드는 최대 40바이트 길이를 가지기 때문에 에러가 발생하였을 때, TCP 수신자 큐에 있는 모든 데이터 블록들을 알려줄 수 있는 사용 가능한 옵션 공간이 충분하지 않으며, TCP 송신자가 TCP sink에 의해서 수신된 패킷들을 불필요하게 재 전송하게 된다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 TCP SACK의 성능을 향상시키고 불필요한 재전송을 제거하기 위해서 "one-byte offset based SACK mechanism" 이라는 새로운 방식을 제시한다. 제안된 방식의 분석과 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 방식은 최소한의 바이트를 사용하기 때문에 다른 메커니즘들보다 오버헤드를 줄였고, 유무선 통합 환경에서 에러율이 적은 효율적인 메커니즘임을 입증하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 국가대표 아티스틱 스위밍팀 선수들의 연기 및 동작 촬영 지원을 위해서, 수상 및 수중 카메라에서 생성된 영상을 실시간으로 하나의 통합 영상으로 재구성하는 아티스틱 스위밍 수상 수중 영상 통합 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 방수 처리가 된 4대의 USB 카메라(USB 2.0 카메라 2대, USB 3.0 카메라 2대) 와 1대의 노트북 컴퓨터를 이용하여 구현 되었으며, 수집된 영상의 처리를 위해서 LabVIEW 기반의 영상 합체 프로그램을 개발하였다. 구현된 장비를 이용하여 아티스틱 스위밍의 아크로바틱 동작을 관찰한 결과 협동 동작에서 발생하는 문제점 관찰 및 원인 파악이 가능하였으며, 현장에서 효과적인 동작 지도가 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 개발된 장비는 현장 실험을 통한 성능 검증 후, 국가대표 아티스틱 선수들의 경기력 향상 지원에 활용되고 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2016

The most powerful energy resource in nature is solar energy which becomes directly converted to electric power in worldwide. Most of the photovoltaic power plants are commonly installed on sunny side of the ground. Thus the installation of photovoltaic power plant could produce an unexpected adverse effect by sacrificing the productivity from green field or forest. To avoid these adverse effect floating photovoltaic plant has been devised and installed on inland reservoir. The photovoltaic plant could utilize ignored water surface without sacrificing the productivity of the ground. Additionally the photovoltaic efficiency has been reenforced by the cooling effect induced by the circulating air flow from water surface. The floating photovoltaic plant could be furnished solar tracking ability by tilting the system operated with the aid of the ballast system. This report is provided to introduce the design of the floating structure with solar panel which furnished solar tracking ability with the aid of ballast system.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2020

이 연구는 언어를 학습하는데 있어서의 학습자의 성격특성이 어떤 역할을 하여 어떤 관계를 가지고 있는지를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 기존의 연구를 분석하여 제시하였다. 즉, 최근의 연구들을 검토하기 위해서 언어학습과 성격특성에 관련된 연구들을 ProQuest, Google Scholar, 그리고 EBSCO 등의 데이터베이스를 통하여 추출하였다. 추출된 연구들을 검토하고 선정 및 정리하여 언어학습의 영역 즉 쓰기, 듣기, 말하기의 영역에서 성격특성이 어떤 역할을 하고 있는지를 문헌별로 정리하고 그 의미를 도출하였다. 문헌연구의 결과 외향성 및 개방성의 특성은 언어의 학습을 성공적으로 이끄는 데에 기여를 하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 외향성은 말하기에, 개방성은 듣기에 연관되어 있음을 연구들은 보고하고 있었다. 또한 학습자의 성격특성은 개인의 언어학습의 전략에도 관계되어 있고 전략수립에 영향을 미치고 있음이 확인되었다. 이같은 결과를 바탕으로 앞으로의 연구 방향에 대한 제언을 하였다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-57
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• 1978

It is given in the Lecture Note [1] of Berger, Gauduchon and Mazet that, if ${\pi}$n: (${\tilde{M}}$, ${\tilde{g}}$)${\rightarrow}$(${\tilde{M}}$, ${\tilde{g}}$) is a Riemannian submersion with totally geodesic fibers, ${\Delta}$ and ${\tilde{\Delta}}$ are Laplace operators on (${\tilde{M}}$, ${\tilde{g}}$) and (M, g) respectively and f is an eigenfunction of ${\Delta}$, then its lift $f^L$ is also an eigenfunction of ${\tilde{\Delta}}$ with the common eigenvalue. But such a simple relation does not hold for an eigenform of the Laplace-Beltrami operator ${\Delta}=d{\delta}+{\delta}d$. If ${\omega}$ is an eigenform of ${\Delta}$ and ${\omega}^L$ is the horizontal lift of ${\omega}$, ${\omega}^L$ is not in genera an eigenform of the Laplace-Beltrami operator ${\tilde{\Delta}}$ of (${\tilde{M}}$, ${\tilde{g}}$). The present author has obtained a set of formulas which gives the relation between ${\tilde{\Delta}}{\omega}^L$ and ${\Delta}{\omega}$ in another paper [7]. In the present paper a Sasakian submersion is treated. A Sasakian manifold (${\tilde{M}}$, ${\tilde{g}}$, ${\tilde{\xi}}$) considered in this paper is such a one which admits a Riemannian submersion where the base manifold is a Kaehler manifold (M, g, J) and the fibers are geodesics generated by the unit Killing vector field ${\tilde{\xi}}$. Then the submersion is called a Sasakian submersion. If ${\omega}$ is a eigenform of ${\Delta}$ on (M, g, J) and its lift ${\omega}^L$ is an eigenform of ${\tilde{\Delta}}$ on (${\tilde{M}}$, ${\tilde{g}}$, ${\tilde{\xi}}$), then ${\omega}$ is called an eigenform of the first kind. We define a relative eigenform of ${\tilde{\Delta}}$. If the lift ${\omega}^L$ of an eigenform ${\omega}$ of ${\Delta}$ is a relative eigenform of ${\tilde{\Delta}}$ we call ${\omega}$ an eigenform of the second kind. Such objects are studied.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.432-445
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• 1994

From a theoretical analysis point of view, the 2-stage precipitator is decomposed into two units: charging cell and collecting cell. Collection efficiency predictions of the two-stage parallel-plate electrostatic precipitator have been performed theoretically incorporating with the charging and the collecting cells. Particle trajectorise passing the charging cell have been modeled as a simple one. Particle charge distribution at the outlet of the charging cell is calculated through integration of the present unipolar combined charging rate along the entire particle trajectory, and average charge of particles at the outlet of the charging cell is obtained from the particle charge distribution. As for the collecting cell, the diminution of particle concentration along the longitudinal direction of the collecting cell is investigated considering the conventional Deutsch's theory and the laminar theory. One should note that the collection efficiency formula derived is based on monodisperse aerosols. It has been confirmed through the analysis that predictions of particle charge by applying White's unipolar diffusion charging theory overpredict actual cases in the continuum regime, while predictions by Fuch's unipolar diffusion charging theory indicate the reasonable result in the same regime. Theoretical predictions of collection efficiency are also compared with the available experimental results. Comparisons show that the experimental results are consistently located in the collection efficiency region bounded by the two limits, the Deutsch and the laminar collection efficiencies. Finally design parameters of the 2-stage electrostatic precipitator have been investigated systematically through the one-variable-at-a-time method in terms of collection efficiency. Applied voltages on the corona wire of the charging cell and the plate of the collecting cell, and the average air velocity have been selected as the design parameters.