• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

Research for solar-powered high altitude long endurance(HALE) UAV was conducted by Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI), and the EAV-3 with 19.5m wing span was developed. For HALE flight, aircraft should be lightly designed. Especially, airframe structure that accounts for a large portion of the total weight of aircraft should be lightweight. In this paper, development process of airframe structure for solar-powered HALE UAV, EAV-3, is described briefly. Domestic developed T-800 grade CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) composite material with high modulus and strength was used to design main load carrying structures. Flightloads analysis that takes into account large structural deformation was carried out. Stress and flutter analyses for airframe structure sizing were conducted. Static strength test for main wing and aircraft ground vibration test were conducted successfully and structural integrity was secured.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-70
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• 2012

To enhance cable stiffness, this paper proposed a combined application of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and steel materials, resulting in a novel type of hybrid stay cable system especially for the cable-stayed bridges with main span lengths of 1400~2800 m. In this combination, CFRP materials can conserve all their advantages such as light weight and high strength; while steel materials help increase the equivalent stiffness to compensate for the low elastic modulus of CFRP materials. An increase of the equivalent stiffness of the hybrid stay cable system could be further obtained with a reasonable increase of its safety factor. Following this concept, a series of parametric studies for the hybrid stay cable system with the consideration of stiffness and cost were carried out. Three design strategies/criteria, namely, best equivalent stiffness with a given safety factor, highest ratio of equivalent stiffness to material cost with a given safety factor, and best equivalent stiffness under a given cost were proposed from the stiffness and cost viewpoints. Finally, a comprehensive design procedure following the proposed design strategies was suggested. It was shown that the proposed hybrid stay cable system could be a good alternative to the pure CFRP or traditional steel stay cables in the future applications of super long span bridges.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2016

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V) stack, extensively used in aerospace structural components are assembled by fasteners and the holes are made using drilling process. Drilling of stack in one shot is a complicated process due to dissimilarity in the material properties. It is vital to have optimal machining condition and tool geometry for better hole quality and tool life. In this study the tool wear and hole quality were analysed by experimental analysis using three modified twist drills and online tool condition monitoring using Acoustics Emission (AE) sensor. Helix angle and point angle influence tool performance and cutting force. It was found that a tool geometry (TG1) with high helix angle of $35^{\circ}$ with low point angle $130^{\circ}$ results in reduction in thrust force of 150-500 N range but the TG2 also perform almost similar to TG1, but when compared with the AErms voltage generated during drilling it was found that progressive rise in voltage in TG1 is less with respect to TG2 which can be attributed to tool life. In process wear monitoring was done using crest factor as monitoring index. AErms voltage were measured and correlated with the performance of the drills.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2007

This paper presents results of a non-linear finite element analysis of axially loaded slender hollow structural section (HSS) columns, strengthened using high modulus carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) longitudinal sheets. The model was developed and verified against both experimental and other analytical models. Both geometric and material nonlinearities, which are attributed to the column's initial imperfection and plasticity of steel, respectively, are accounted for. Residual stresses have also been modeled. The axial strength in the experimental study was found to be highly dependent on the column's imperfection. Consequently, no specific correlation was established experimentally between strength gain and amount of CFRP. The model predicted the ultimate loads and failure modes quite reasonably and was used to isolate the effects of CFRP strengthening from the columns' imperfections. It was then used in a parametric study to examine columns of different slenderness ratios, imperfections, number of CFRP layers, and level of residual stresses. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of high modulus CFRP in increasing stiffness and strength of slender columns. While the columns' imperfections affect their actual strengths before and after strengthening,the percentage gain in strength is highly dependent on slenderness ratio and CFRP reinforcement ratio, rather than the value of imperfection.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.234-238
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• 2008

The efficiency of fiber reinforced CMC(ceramic matrix composite) on the SiC materials have been investigated, in conjunction with the fabrication process by liquid phase sintering and the characterization. LPS-$SiC_f$/SiC composites was studied with the detailed analysis such as the microstructure, sintered density, flexural strength and fracture behavior. The applicability of carbon interfacial layer has been also investigated in the LPS process. Submicron SiC powder with the constant total amount and composition ratio of $Al_2O_3,\;Y_2O_3$ as sintering additives was used in order to promote the performance of the SiC matrix material. LPS-$SiC_f$/SiC composites were fabricated with hot press under the sintering temperature and applied pressure of $1820^{\circ}C$ and 20MPa for 1hr. The typical property of monolithic LPS-SiC materials was compared with LPS-$SiC_f$/SiC composites.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.771-781
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• 2017

The helmet is an imperative personal protective equipment. This protective device must be able to guard the human head against potential risks. Helmets are classified according into the purpose of use; therefore, the required performance and specifications depend on the type of products. Military helmets are intended to protect the wearer's head from bullets and shrapnel. Generally, lightweight super fibers and fiber reinforced composite materials are used as helmet shell materials, and NIJ STD of U.S. Department of Justice is most widely used as international standard related to bulletproof helmets. Safety helmets are widely used for industrial application and sports leisure. In general, the performance of shock absorption must be ensured, and various lining systems are applied in material, design, and combination methods. Evaluation standards have also been classified and strictly controlled for each purpose; therefore, it is difficult to certify with the existing standards such as the recently developed convergence helmets. However, it is possible to launch the product through a separate national integrated certification procedure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2016

Frictional forces between soil and structural elements are of vital importance for the foundation engineering. Although numerous studies were performed about the soil-structure interaction in recent years, the approximate relations proposed in the first half of the 20th century are still used to determine the frictional forces. Throughout history, wood was often used as friction piles. Steel has started to be used in the last century. Today, alternatively these materials, FRP (fiber-reinforced polymer) piles are used extensively due to they can serve for long years under harsh environmental conditions. In this study, various ratios of low plasticity clays (CL) were added to the sand soil and compacted to standard Proctor density. Thus, soils with various internal friction angles (${\phi}$) were obtained. The skin friction angles (${\delta}$) of these soils with FRP, which is a composite material, steel (st37) and wood (pine) were determined by performing interface shear tests (IST). Based on the data obtained from the test results, a chart was proposed, which engineers can use in pile design. By means of this chart, the skin friction angles of the soils, of which only the internal friction angles are known, with FRP, steel and wood materials can be determined easily.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2020

Small fishing vessels are manufactured using FRP. Various studies have been conducted to increase the strength of the composite material by mixing alumina powder with resin. Tensile tests and flexural strength tests are conducted to examine the effect of alumina powder on the strength of GFRP. In the current study, resin/alumina composites at different alumina contents (i.e., 0, 1, 5, and 10 vol%) have been prepared. The physical and mechanical properties of the prepared composites have been investigated. From the results, the tensile strength of the specimen with alumina powder mixed in at 10% shows the highest value of 155.66 MPa. The tensile strength of the specimen mixed with alumina powder increases with the amount of alumina powder impregnated. In the flexural strength test, the flexural strength of neat resin without alumina powder has a highest value of 257.7 MPa. The flexural modulus of ALMix-5 has a highest value of 12.06 GPa. Barcol hardness of ALMix-10 has a highest value of 51. We show that alumina powder leads to decreasing cracks on the surface and decreasing length area of delamination.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2018

Due to the escalation in hydrocarbon consumption, the offshore industry is now looking for advanced technology to be employed for deep sea exploration. Riser system is an integral part of floating structure used for such oil and gas extraction from deep water offering a system of drill twines and production tubing to spread the exploration well towards the ocean bed. Thus, the marine risers need to be precisely employed. The incorporation of the strengthening material, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) for deep and ultra-deep water riser has drawn extensive curiosity in offshore engineering as it might offer potential weight savings and improved durability. The design for FRP strengthening involves the local design for critical loads along with the global analysis under all possible nonlinearities and imposed loadings such as platform motion, gravity, buoyancy, wave force, hydrostatic pressure, current etc. for computing and evaluating critical situations. Finite element package, ABAQUS/AQUA is the competent tool to analyze the static and dynamic responses under the offshore hydrodynamic loads. The necessities in design and operating conditions are studied. The study includes describing the methodology, procedure of analysis and the local design of composite riser. The responses and fatigue damage characteristics of the risers are explored for the effects of FRP strengthening. A detail assessment on the technical expansion of strengthening riser has been outlined comprising the inquiry on its behavior. The enquiry exemplifies the strengthening of riser as very potential idea and suitable in marine structures to explore oil and gas in deep sea.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

이 연구는 기존에 연구에 의하여 개발된 고인성 섬유복합 모르타르에 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하여 연성과 강도 측면에서 보다 개선된 재료를 개발함에 목적이 있으며 이를 위해 고로슬래그미분말이 혼입한 배합에 대하여 섬유-모르타르 경계면의 마이크로역학(micromechanics)적 특성과 모르타르 매트릭스의 파괴역학(fracture mechanics)적 특성을 파악하였다. 고로슬래그미분말이 혼입된 배합의 경우에는 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하지 않은 경우와 비교하여 화학적 부착은 큰 변화가 없지만 마찰부착은 10% 정도 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편 모르타르트의 쐐기쪼갬실험을 통해 결정된 매트릭스의 파괴인성은 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하지 않은 경우보다 파괴인성이 약간 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결정된 섬유-매트릭스 경계면의 마이크로역학적 특성과 모르타르의 파괴역학적 특성을 이용하여 안정상태 균열이론(steady-state cracking theory)을 배경으로 1축인장 하에서 인장변형률 경화거동을 하는 고인성 섬유복합 모르타르의 기본배합과 물-결합재비의 범위를 선정하였다. 개발된 재료는 1축 인장 하에서 변형률 경화 거동을 나타내었으며 변형률은 3.6%, 인장강도는 약 5.3MPa를 나타냈으며 이는 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하지 않은 섬유복합 모르타르보다 뛰어난 인장 변형 성능과 놀은 인장 강도이다. 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입할 경우 마찰부착과 파괴인성이 증가하는 효과는 안정상태의 균열이론을 만족시키는 데에 오히려 장해 요인이 된다. 그러나 결과적으로는 이러한 단점을 극복하고 오히려 우수한 인장변형 성능을 나타내었다. 즉, 변형률 경화 거동으로 표현되는 높은 연성에는 악영향을 주지 않으면서 매트릭스의 강도를 향상시키는 효과를 나타낸 것이다. 이러한 우수한 수준의 성능을 보인 이유는 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입함으로써 유동성과 섬유의 분산성이 크게 증진되었기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.