• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.313-326
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• 2020

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars have been introduced as an effective alternative for the conventional steel reinforcement in concrete structures to mitigate the costly consequences of steel corrosion. However, despite the superior performance of these composite materials in terms of corrosion, the effect of replacing steel reinforcement with GFRP on the seismic performance of concrete structures is not fully covered yet. To address some of the key parameters in the seismic behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) structures, two full-scale beam-column joints reinforced with GFRP bars and stirrups were constructed and tested under two phases of loading, each simulating a severe ground motion. The objective was to investigate the effect of damage due to earthquakes on the service and ultimate behavior of GFRP-RC moment-resisting frames. The main parameters under investigation were geometrical configuration (interior or exterior beam-column joint) and joint shear stress. The performance of the specimens was measured in terms of lateral load-drift response, energy dissipation, mode of failure and stress distribution. Moreover, the effect of concrete damage due to earthquake loading on the performance of beam-column joints under service loading was investigated and a modified damage index was proposed to quantify the magnitude of damage in GFRP-RC beam-column joints under dynamic loading. Test results indicated that the geometrical configuration significantly affects the level of concrete damage and energy dissipation. Moreover, the level of residual damage in GFRP-RC beam-column joints after undergoing lateral displacements was related to reinforcement ratio of the main beams.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

In this work, the electrical potential (EP) technique with an artificial neural networks (ANNs) for monitoring of nanostructures are used for the first time. This study employs an expert system to identify size and localize hidden nano-delamination (N.Del) inside layers of nano-pipe (N.P) manufactured from Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) laminate composite by using low-cost monitoring method of electrical potential (EP) technique with an artificial neural networks (ANNs), which are combined to decrease detection effort to discern N.Del location/size inside the N.P layers, with high accuracy, simple and low-cost. The dielectric properties of the N.P material are measured before and after N.Del introduced using arrays of electrical contacts and the variation in capacitance values, capacitance change and node potential distribution are analyzed. Using these changes in electrical potential due to N.Del, a finite element (FE) simulation model for N.Del location/size detection is generated by ANSYS and MATLAB, which are combined to simulate sensor characteristic, therefore, FE analyses are employed to make sets of data for the learning of the ANNs. The method is applied for the N.Del monitoring, to minimize the number of FE analysis in order to keep the cost and save the time of the assessment to a minimum. The FE results are in excellent agreement with an ANN and the experimental results available in the literature, thus validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed technique.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2002

Measurment of dynamic strain is important to monitor structural integrity. In this paper, the new type of EFPI is proposed to measure the dynamic strain. The second reflecting surface of fiber in this new sensor is deposited gold on to increase its reflectivity. So, it is called the gold-deposited EFPI (G-EFPI) in this paper. In order to explain the principle of measurement of the dynamic strain, two models for the loss of intensity are proposed and an experiment is performed. If a cavity between two reflecting surface increases, the loss of the light that passes through the cavity increases, causing a subsequent decrease in the output intensity of the sensor. Conversely, if the cavity decreases, the amount of loss decreases and the output intensity increases. Also the optimal length of the cavity is proposed to manufacture the G-EFPI with high sensitivity. Finally, the dynamic strainof a composite specimen was measured successfully using the G-EFPI.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.521-532
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• 2007

Elastic wave propagations in the semi-infinite transversely isotropic cylinder under various kinds of longitudinal impact loads are analyzed using the axisymmetric finite element method and Houbolt time-integration scheme. For which the finite element program is newly constructed and verified through the comparison of present numerical results with those by other researchers. E-type glass-epoxy composite cylinders with different fiber volume fractions are adopted and studied in detail with dynamic responses of the isotropic cylinder. Three dimensional wave motions are given in graphic form to show the realistic view of the wave propagation. Nondimensionalized dynamic characteristic variables which relate the size of finite element mesh, the time step, and the wave speed are presented for obtaining accurate and stable numerical results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

For the entire world, due to the increased risks of explosion and terrorisms, damages on human life and properties have been increased. Regarding this issue, research on high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) with the protecting performance for the building structures or military facilities against explosion or bombing has been increased (important). Among a series of the research, using emulsified refined cooking oil(ERCO) to reduce the autogenous shrinkage may cause some adverse effect on performance of the mixture such as increased viscosity, decreased fluidity, air content, and strength. Hence, in this research, based on the optimum design of HPFRCC induced by previous research, the influence of ERCO adding timing and dosage on autogenous shrinkage and fundamental properties were analyzed. As a result, it was revealed that 0.5% of ERCO should be added right after the mixing is most effective for the quality of HPFRCC such as fluidity, strength development and autogenous shrinkage reducing.

• Composites Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

Retention of interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of polymer composites at cryogenic temperature application is very important. In this work, single carbon tiber reinforced epoxy compositc was used to evaluate IFSS and apparent modulus under room and cryogenic temperatures. The property change of carbon and selected epoxy for particularly cryogenic temperature application were tested in tension and compression. Tensile strength and elongation of carbon fiber decreased at cryogenic temperature, whereas tensile modulus was almost same. On the other hand, epoxy matrix showed the increased tensile strength but decreased elongation. It can be due to maximum thermal contraction existing free volume in cryogenic temperature. IFSS increased up to $-10^{\circ}C$ and then decreased steadily. However, IFSS at cryogenic temperature was still similar to that at room temperature. This result is very useful to cryogenic application since selected epoxy toughness and interfacial adhesion can keep at such low temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.424-435
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• 1991

To develop the photoelastic experiment method for the orthotropic material under pure torsional moment is the main objective of this research. In the development of photoelastic experiment for orthotropic material under pure torsional moment, the important problems and their solutions are the same as following. In the model material for photoelastic experiment, it was found that C.F.E.C.(Copper Fiber Epoxy Composite) can be used as the model material of photoelastic experiment for orthotropic material. In the stress freezing cycle, it was assured that stress freezing cycle for epoxy can be used as the stress freezing cycle of the photoelastic experiment for orthotropic material. In the slicing method, it was found that the negative oblique slicing method can be effectively used as slicing method in 3-dimensional photoelastic experiment. In the measuring method of stress fringe values and physical properties in the high temperature, it was found that stress fringe values can be directly measured by experiment and physical properties can be directly or indirectly by equation between stress fringe values and physical properties developed by author. In the stress analysis method of orthotropic material under pure torsional moment by photoelastic experiment, it will be studied in the second paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2011

섬유가 가늘어지면 굽힘 강성이 저하되고 비표면적이 증가하는 등의 많은 특징을 발휘한다. 특히 폴리에스테르 극세사는 실크와 같은 외관, 유연한 태 등의 감각적으로 우수한 특성을 가지므로 제품의 태에 대한 질적 향상을 요구하는 소비자의 욕구와 맞아떨어져 다양한 용도로 전개되고 있다. 초극세 섬유를 제조하는 방법은 통상적으로 멜트블로운법, 플래쉬법, 전기방사법 그리고 해도형 복합방사법의 4가지로 분류된다. 그중 해도형 복합방사법은 가장 안정적인 방법으로 PET기준으로 0.01데니어 급까지 상용화가 되어 있다. 해도형 복합섬유의 개발에 있어서 중요한 것 중에 하나가 해성분 폴리머의 용출기술이다. 초극세화를 목적으로 해성분인 변성폴리에스테르를 제거시키기 위해서 실시되는 알칼리(NaOH)에 의한 감량공정은 그 처리조건에 따라서 초극세사로 잔존해야하는 도성분의 정규 폴리에스테르까지 손상시킬 수 있기 때문에 균일한 용출조건의 확립은 매우 중요하다. 그러나 초극세화가 진행될수록 알칼리가 필라멘트의 가운데 영역까지 균일하게 침투하기가 어려우며 감량된 도성분도 비표면적이 증가하기 때문에, 해성분의 균일한 용출 및 감량을 위한 안정적인 조건을 선정하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 울트라마이크로-나노급(800nm) 해도형 폴리에스테르 섬유를 이용하여 해성분 용출공정에서 정규 폴리에스테르를 손상시킬 수 있는 알칼리 감량 조건을 완화시키면서 기존과 동일한 감량 효과를 얻을 수 있는 용출 공정을 확립하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 유기산을 이용한 전처리 조건 및 알칼리 감량공정에서 NaOH의 농도, 처리시간, 처리온도의 변화가 울트라마이크로-나노급 해도형 섬유의 용출에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다.

• Composites Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.72-80
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• 2000

Effect of graphite powder addition on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites (C/C composites) was investigated. Greenbody (G/B) with 0~30wt.% graphite powder addition to phenol resin was prepared and carbonized at $1000^{\circ}C$ to make C/C composites. Flexural strengths of 20wt.% graphite powder additions showed maximum values in the both case of G/B and C/C composites. But, at the graphite addition over 20wt.%, there was negative effect due to the matrix inhomogeneity. Flexural strength of cured resin without graphite Powder was higher than that with graphite. However, flexural strength of carbonized resin with graphite increased three times as much as that of carbonized resin without graphite. Because the addition of graphite powder effects the restraint of shrinkage after carbonization and the deflection of crack path. In Mode II ENF test, energy release rates($G_{II}$) of G/B and C/C composites with the 20w1.% addition of graphite were both increased. But, the addition of graphite was more effective to the increase of $G_{II}$ in C/C composites than that in G/B.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.320-330
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• 2000

It is desirable to perform nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to assess material properties and part homogeneity because the manufacturing of carbon/carbon brake disks requires complicated and costly processes. In this work several ultrasonic techniques were applied to carbon/carbon brake disks (322mm ad, 135mm id) for the evaluation of spatial variations in material properties that are attributable to the manufacturing process. In a large carbon/carbon disk manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration (CYI) method, the spatial variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be consistent with the densification behavior in CYI process. Low frequency (e.g., 1-5MHz) through-transmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity. Images based on both the amplitude and the time-of-flight of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse showed significant variation in the radial direction. The radial variations in ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were attributed to a density variation caused by the more efficient densification of pitch impregnation near the id and od and by the less efficient densification away from the exposed edged of the disk. Ultrasonic velocities in the edges of the disk. Ultrasonic velocities in the thickness direction were also measured as a function of location using dry-coupling transducers ; the results were consistent with the densification behavior. However, velocities in the in-plane directions (circumferential and radial) seemed to be affected more by the relative contents of fabric and chopped fiber, and less by the void content.