• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.21-39
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• 2018

Objective: This study was to examined the mediating effect of active emotion regulation and marital quality in the relationships between self-compassion and maternal-fetal attachment. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 836 pregnant women and the data were analyzed by SPSS21 and M-plus7, and statistical analysis, frequency analysis, and then structural equation modeling were performed. Results: First, self-compassion directly affects maternal-fetal attachment. Second, self-compassion was indirectly influenced by maternal-fetal attachment through active emotional regulation. Third, self-compassion indirectly affects maternal-fetal attachment through marital quality. Fourth, in regards to the relationship between self-compassion and maternal-fetal attachment, active emotional regulation and marital quality were mediated. Conclusion/Implications: we discussed implications for enhancing self-compassion and active emotional regulation and enhancing marital quality to increase the maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.583-594
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to perform the fetal education effectively for the delivered woman and her husband. This study was conducted by the questionnaire survey on 199 delivered women and their 171 husbands at several hospitals located in Seoul and Kyonggi Province from February 28 to March 26, 2002. The contents of questionnaire included the purposes, the cognition and the practice of fetal education. The SAS program was used for the statistical analysis of the data. The character of subject was analyzed by the percentage. The difference between the cognition and practice of fetal education was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon rank sum test. The factor analysis affected on the practice of fetal education was adopted by Multiple regression. The results were as follows; 1. In the purpose of fetal education, the well- balanced emotion showed the highest mark. The cognition of fetal education(woman:$4.39{\pm}0.52$, husband:$3.88{\pm}0.70$) and the practice (woman:$3.88{\pm}0.60$, husband:$3.83{\pm}0.70$) showed the relatively high mark, but the score of cognition showed higher than that of practice. 2. In the comparison of the cognition between the delivered woman and the husband for the fetal education the item of the mental or health state would affect unborn baby, which occupied the highest mark in both woman and the husband(woman:$4.81{\pm}0.44$, husband:$4.81{\pm}0.50$). But they were prohibited to eat the deformed food, which showed the lowest mark(woman:$3.19{\pm}1.12$, husband:$3.21{\pm}1.29$). 3. In the comparison of the practice for the fetal education between the delivered woman and the husband, the practice for the healthy baby showed the highest mark in woman ($4.51{\pm}0.71$), which had a statistically significant difference(P=0.025), compared with that of the husband($4.13{\pm}0.99$). 4. In the comparison of cognition and practice for the fetal education, the general character was associated with the duration of marriage, the satisfaction with marriage and the support of husband on pregnancy. The mark was associated with the age of woman, the level of education and the first birth. 5. The significant factors influencing on the practice for the fetal education were connected with the cognition of fetal education, age, satisfaction with marriage, the support of husband on pregnancy, the type of family, the experience of delivery and the state of health during the period of pregnancy. etc. In conclusion, it is indicated to make effort for transforming and developing the traditional fetal education in accordance with the modern fetal education. And it is suggested that the fetal education might be recognized by all members of family, and the importance of husband's role for the fetal education should be informed as well as that of woman's.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2003

For somatic cell nuclear transfer in Hanwoo, fetal fibroblast cell lines were established from 35, 50, 70 and 90-day fetuses of Korean native cattle. The sex of these fetal fibroblast cells were analyzed by PCR using Y-specific primers and confirmed that two cell lines were female and the other two cell lines were male. Karyotyping of these cell lines indicates that the chromosome numbers of fetal fibroblast cells were not affected by passage number and more than 80% of fetal fibroblast cells have normal chromosome number. To evaluate Go stage in cell cycle of fetal fibroblast cells, Western blotting was performed to detect the expression level of PCNA which is known to be expressed in all cell cycle stages except G$_{0}$ stage. Following serum starvation or confluent culture for 7 days, fetal fibroblast cells were effectively reached to G$_{0}$ stage. The cell cycle was resumed after culture of these Go stage-fetal fibroblast cells with normal medium. These results indicates that fetal fibroblast cells originated from Hanwoo were successfully isolated and culture system and induction of cell cycle of these cells were established for somatic cell nuclear transfer in Hanwoo.woo.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1161-1167
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of diazepam on fetal development in pregnant rats, this experiment was performed in eighty Sprague-Dawley female rats which were 8 weeks old and grouped into two according to different diazepam treatment period during 5-9 days of gestation and 10-14 days of gestation. Both experimental groups were included by saline treated groups (control) and diazepam-treated groups (6mg, 12mg and 24mg), respectively. Diazepam was injected to pregnant rats subcutaneously, which were sacrified on 20 days of gestation and mean litter size, fetal body weight, fetal crown-rump length (CRL) and pathological findings were examined. 1. Concerning mean litter size, diazepam-treated groups showed lower mean litter size than control in both 5-9 days and 10-14 days of gestation groups(p < 0.05) without difference according to dosage of diazepam and day of gestation. 2. Concerning fetal body weight, diazepam-treated groups during 5-9 days of gestation showed lower fetal body weight than control and the other treated group during 10-14 days(p < 0.01) without difference according to dosage of diazepam. Diazepam-treated group during 10-14 days of gestation showed no difference among experimented groups. 3. Concerning fetal crown-rump length (CRL), diazepam-treated groups during 5-9 days of gestation showed shorter CRL than control and the other treated group during 10-14 days of gestation(p < 0.01) without difference according to dosage of diazepam. 4. Reduction of mean litter size, fetal body weight and CRL was shown from when treated by the dosage of 6mg/kg of diazepam. 5. Maternal mortality according to dosage of the 20mg/kg of diazepam were 30% and 20% in the treated group during 5-9 days and 10-14 days of gestation, respectively. These results indicated that diazepam treatment in pregnant rats caused considerable reduction of mean litter size, fetal body weight and fetal crown-rump length when treated during 5-9 days of gestation.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 1997

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) on the estrogen synthesis by human fetal ovarian tissues. Fetal ovaries were 18-19 weeks old (18 wks:n=1, 19 wks:n=2). One case of 19-week-old fetal ovaries were obtained from anencephalic fetus. Obtained ovarieswere cleaned and diced around $600\mu\textrm{m}$ pieces, and cultured in the sandwich agar bed system for 21-23 days. Estrone ($E_{1}$) and estradiol-17 $\beta$($E_{2}$) in the medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. Amount of $E_{2}$ synthesis was greater than $E_{1}$ in both normal cases. In contrast, fetal ovaries from anencephalic fetus did not produce neither $E_{1}$ nor $E_{2}$ in the presence or absence of rhFSH. Results suggest that the fetal ovaries have a capacity of estrogen production at 18-19 weeks of gestation Existence of FSH receptor is also supposed. Different results by anecephalic fetal ovaries suggest the difference in the development between normal and anencephalic fetal ovaries.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among the perceptions and practice of taegyo (a traditional set of practices and beliefs related to healthy fetal development) and maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women. Methods: The participants were 136 pregnant women who visited a public health center or maternity hospital for prenatal care. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of varience, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS version 22.0. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was $32.24{\pm}3.99$ years. The mean scores for perceptions of taegyo, practice of taegyo, and maternal-fetal attachment were $3.96{\pm}0.53$, $3.74{\pm}0.64$, and $3.94{\pm}0.49$, respectively. Perceptions of taegyo were significantly correlated with the practice of taegyo (r=.72, p<.001), and maternal-fetal attachment (r=.55, p<.001). A significant correlation was also found between the practice of taegyo and maternal-fetal attachment (r=.65, p<.001). Conclusion: Perceptions of taegyo affected the practice of taegyo, and had a positive effect on maternal-fetal attachment. These findings suggest that primary care nurses at hospitals and public health centers should provide nursing intervention programs to improve the perceptions of taegyo, the practice of taegyo, and maternal-fetal attachment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Serial ultrasonographic examination was daily performed on 12 pregnant Shih-tzu bitches from day 15 until parturition to determine the size of gestational structures. Gestational age was timed from the day of ovulation (day 0), which was estimated to occur when plasma progesterone concentration was first increased above 4.0 ng/ml. Extra-fetal structures were measurable from days 17 to 46. Outer uterine diameter increased from $9.9{\pm}0.4$ mm (Mean${\pm}$SD) at day 20 to $44.3{\pm}0.8$ mm at day 46 and inner chorionic cavity diameter increased from $7.2{\pm}0.2$ mm at day 17 to $36.9{\pm}1.5$mm at day 41. Length of chorionic cavity or zonary placenta increased from $6.6{\pm}0.4$ mm at day 21 to $46.4{\pm}0.9$ mm at day 44. Of the extra-fetal structures, inner chorionic cavity diameter was the most accurate for estimation of gestational age until day 38. Fetal structures were measurable from days 23 to 60. Crown-rump length increased from $3.9{\pm}0.3$ mm at day 23 to $55.2{\pm}3.3$ mm at day 41, fetal body diameter increased from $7.9{\pm}0.6$ mm at day 32 to $47.8{\pm}2$ mm at day 60, and fetal head diameter increased from $6.3{\pm}1.1$ mm at day 29 to $25.6{\pm}0.2$ mm at day 60. Of the fetal structures, fetal head diameter was the most accurate for estimation of gestational age from day 38 until day 60.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.266-269
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• 2016

Cell-free fetal RNA is useful to determine fetal sex and detect other inherent genetic disorders. However, non-invasive fetal sex determination methods using fetal RNA from maternal plasma is not yet well established in studies pertaining to bovine animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the presence of the male-specific ZRSR2Y gene transcript in maternal plasma using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assays, and to verify its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in determining fetal sex between 30 and 100 days of gestation. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the ZRSR2Y gene transcripts in determining fetal sex were 89.1%, 86.3%, and 100%, respectively. The 30 to 100 days of gestation were further classified into five stages of gestation, and each stage had relatively high accurate, sensitive, and specific results. Overall, these results indicate that the expression of the ZRSR2Y gene can be used for fetal sex determination in bovine animals using circulating cell-free RNA in maternal plasma during early pregnancy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.427-432
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• 1995

Ganglioside GM3 and sialidase activities in human fetal liver have been investigated. Gangliosides were extracted from fetal livers by the Folch-Suzuki method and analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). GM3 increased, but lactosylceramide (LacCer) decreased predominantly over the developmental stages. Sialidase in human fetal liver was mainly localized in the lysosomal fraction and its activity was high in the earlier stages of development. The optimum pH for this enzyme was 4.3~4.4. Sialidase was more active with the ganglioside mixture than with GM3, sialyllactose or fetuin. Fetal liver sialidase was still active (20% activity) in the presence of 25% methanol. These results suggested that the changes of the ganglioside GM3 and sialidase activity may be involved in the regulation of cell growth in human fetal liver during development.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-51
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• 2003

This study was progressed for oriental medical care of neonates by fetal toxicosis removal therapy, and the results as follows: 1. The purpose of fetal toxicosis removal therapy : It removes dirty blood in neonatal mouth and prevents diseases. 2. Kinds of fetal toxicosis removal therapy : Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連), Cinnabaris-Mel(朱蜜), Calculus Bovis(牛黃), Sojae Semen Praepartum, Juice of Semen Allii Tuberosi(非汁) and mercury(汞粉). 3. A period of fetal toxicosis removal therapy : At birth, 3rd day or so, one week or so, after umbilical omission. 4. Methods of fetal toxicosis removal therapy: Purgative therapy(下法) and Emetic therapy(吐法).