• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2018

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

Absorbent Biofilter Systems (ABS), composed of an anaerobic septic tank, a pump chamber and an absorbent biofilter tank, have been found to economically provide rural on-site wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to assess the potential of ABS effluent as an alternative water resource for agricultural and environmental use, with respect to the removal of pathogenic microorganism and their fertilization effect. A pilot scale ABS was used to compare its removal efficiency of pathogens from effluent water. Overall, more than 95 percent of Salmonella and E. coli were removed. This result demonstrates that a significant reduction in the pathogenic microorganism of effluents can occur in ABS, which implies the feasibility for the use of ABS effluent in agriculture and environment, with the provision of a further simple disinfection step, in order to satisfy the WHO guidelines for the microbiological quality in agriculture. In addition, because of the abundant nutritional content of ABS effluent, the substitution effect of fertilizer (N, P and K) in paddy irrigation, i.e. 2/3 for nitrogen, l/3 for phosphorus and 1/5 for potassium would be expected. Based on the experimental data, the ABS effluent could be used as a new alternative water resource for paddy irrigation, as well as for environmental purposes, such as supplying water to ecological parks in rural villages.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

The objective of this study was investigated the effect of organic fertilizer(OF) application on the grain yield, protein content, and soil chemical properties in rice cultivation to evaluate the replacement ratio of OF based on basal fertilization of inorganic(nitrogen) fertilizer, In case of soil 1 with optimum range of organic matter for rice growth, the grain yield of rice in 70% and 100% treatments of OF were higher than the other treatments. In soil 2 with higher than the optimum range of soil organic matter, the grain yield of rice of NPK, 30%, 70%, 100%, and 300% treatments of OF showed no significant difference. When the protein criteria of rice quality was below 7%, the treatment of 30%, 70%, and 100% using OF in soil 1 were satisfied with protein criteria of rice. In case of soil 1, ammonium nitrogen content, electrical conductivity, and the organic matter in 30%, 70%, 100%, 300% treatments of OF showed similar tendency to NPK treatment. These results suggested that the substitution ratio of OF 70~100% could be appropriate to increase the yield and commercial quality for rice.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.294-300
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• 2005

The effect of hairy vetch sod culture on reduction of soil loss and providing of nitrogen was investigated for the fields of Chinese cabbage in Hoenggye-Ri, Pyeongchang-Gun Gangwon-Do (780 m above sea level) from 2002 to 2003. Hairy vetch was sowed at just before planting, 15, 30 and 40 days after planting and right after harvest of Chinese cabbage. Hairy vetch was sod-cultivated with Chinese cabbage. The amount of sowing was $40kg\;10a^{-1}$. In this experiment, proper sowing times that had no influence on the yield of Chinese cabbage were 30 and 40 days after planting while other sowing times led to decrease the yield. In case of the former, there was 74% reduction effect of soil loss compared with no-hairy vetch because of covering the fields with hairy vetch right after harvest. Moreover, when the hairy vetch was put into the soil before planting of Chinese cabbage in the next year, it showed 61-79% substitution effect of standard application rate ($320kg\;ha^{-1}$, chemical fertilizer) for nitrogen fertilizer. It is suggested that using hairy vetch as cover crop would be useful in conservation of soil loss and reduction input of agricultural materials.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2007

This study was conducted from 2003 to 2005 at crop field of National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, RDA, in Jeju. The treatment consisted of chemical fertilizer 100%(CF 100%, T1), cattle manure 100%(CM 100%, T2), CF 50%+CM 50%(T3), CF 25%+CM 75%(T4), CM 100%(1st yr.)+CF 100%(2nd yr,)+CM(3rd yr)(T5), CM 100%(1st yr.)+CF 100%(2nd yr.)+CF(3rd yr.)(T6). The highest substitution effect of chemical fertilizer for cattle manure indicated that the highest yield(Avg. 11,169 kg/ha) obtained from CM 100%(1 yr.)+CF 100%(2 yr.) treatment. The forage yield of CM 100%(1 yr.)+CF 100%(2 yr.) was 4% more than CM 100% application whereas was 3% less than CF 100% application. Changes of physical and chemical properties of soils for applications of CF 100% and CM 100% was clearly in cattle manure application. Especially, cattle manure application in pasture were superior to chemical fertilizer application with respect to organic matter(OM, %), total nitrogen(T-N, %), and avaliable phosphorous($P_2O_5$, %) contents of soils. In this present study, cattle manure application recorded slightly lower forage yields than CF 100% application but the combined use of cattle manure and chemical fertilizer was attribute to reduction of chemical fertilizer application rate as well as maintaining soil health on long-term basis.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

Objective of this study was to develop an organic fertilizer utilizing domestic livestock horn meal and to investigate the application effect of rice and eggplant. The possibility of utilization of livestock horn meal as an organic resource to replace imported expeller cake fertilizer was examined. In order to select domestic organic resources with high nitrogen content, 8 kinds of organic matter such as chicken manure, fish meal, soybean meal, sesame meal, perilla meal, blood meal, livestock horn meal, and beer sludge were analyzed and organic resources with high nitrogen content were selected. In addition, the conditions for the production of organic fertilizers that can be used in organic agriculture were established by mixing of the rice husk biochar and the rice bran as the supplements with the raw materials for mixing ratios. The content of total nitrogen (T-N) in the livestock horn meal was 12.0 %, which was the next low in 13.5 % blood meal. The content of total nitrogen was 5.9 ~ 7.9 % in fish meal and oil cakes. Total nitrogen content of non-antibiotic chicken manure for organic farming was 3 % and nitrogen content in beer sludge was 3.5 %. Organic fertilizer was produced by using biochar, rice bran as a main ingredient of non-antibiotic chicken manure, livestock horn meal and beer sludge. Compared to nitrogen content (4.0 to 4.2 %) of imported expeller cake fertilizer (ECF), the nitrogen content of organic fertilizer utilizing domestic livestock horn meal is as high as 7.5 %. The developed organic fertilizer is met as Zn 400 mg/kg, Cu 120 mg/kg the quality of organic agricultural materials such as or less. To investigate the effect of fertilizer application on the crops, prototypes of developed organic fertilizer were used for the experiment under selected conditions. As a result of application the developed organic livestock horn meal fertilizer (LHMF) for cultivation of the rice and eggplant, the application quantity of the developed organic LHMF 100 % was decreased by 40 % compared to that of the mixed expeller cake fertilizer (MECF). The application of LHMF, which refers to the application rate corresponding to the nitrogen fertilization recommended by the soil test, was reduced by 40% compared to the application rate of MECF, but the same results were obtained in crop growth and yield. The selection of a new high concentration nitrogen source utilizing domestic organic resources and the development of organic fertilizer is the starting point of the research for substitution of imported ECF using domestic local resources at the present time that the spread of eco-friendly agriculture is becoming increasingly important. If it is expanded in the future, it is expected to contribute to the stable production of eco-friendly agricultural products.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2003

This research was conducted to determine the effect of mixing ratio of aquafarm waste water sludge (AWWS) in the growing medium as a source of fertilizers on growth of plug seedlings of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). Increased mixing ratio of AWWS resulted in increased fresh and dry weights, leaf area, plant height, and total chlorophyll content, although there were slight differences in growth characteristics at 20 and 40 days after sowing. Concentration of AWWS affected insignificantly the percent dry matter, number of leaves, and length of the longest root. The addition of AWWS increased pH and decreased EC in the medium as compared to that of chemical fertilizer. Compared to the control of a liquid fertilizer, 4 or 8 kg AWWS${\cdot}45L^{-1}$ medium (Sludge 4) gave a similar or slightly better growth. Above results suggested that addition of about 4 kg AWWS${\cdot}45L^{-1}$medium is sufficient for seedling growth and the AWWS can be used as a substitute for the liquid fertilizer in plug seedling production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cattle manure application on macro contents change in pasture. The treatment consisted of T1: 100% chemical fertilizer (CF 100%), T2: 50% CF+50% cattle manure (CM), T3: 25% CF+75% CM, T4: 100% CM 100%, T5: 100% CM(1st year (yr.) +100% CF (2nd yr.)+100% CM (3rd yr.), T6: 100% CM (1st yr.)+100% CF (2nd yr.)+100% CF (3rd yr.). The highest substitution effect of chemical fertilizer with cattle manure indicated by the highest yield of 11,169 kg/ha was obtained from the application of 100% CM (1 yr.) + 100% CF (2 yr.). The forage yield of plots applied with 100% CM (1 yr.) + 100% CF(2 yr.) was only 4% more than the yield of plots applied with 100% CM. It was only 3% less than the yield of plots applied with 100% CF. In this study, cattle manure application recorded slightly lower forage dry matter (DM) yield than 100% CF application but they were statistically comparable on the third year of production. The all treatments have narrow range of P, K, Ca, Mg and Na contents $0.25{\sim}0.32%,\;3.08{\sim}3.71%,\;0.42{\sim}0.55%,\;0.21{\sim}0.38%$ and $0.08{\sim}0.15%$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2000

High sodium contents in food-waste compost(FWC) is the greatest limitation to recycle it to arable lands in Korea. The effects of the FWC application to paddy soil on the growth of rice plants, cationic balance in plants, and the sodicity of soil have been studied in pot trials. The effects of FWC application were compared with those of NaCl compound and swine manure compost(SMC) application. $Na_2O$ contents of FWC were high as 2.2%. Immediately after transplanting, rice plants in three treatments showed severe wilting in the order of 40Mg FWC $ha^{-1}$ > NPK+900kg $NaClha^{-1}$ > 20Mg FWC $ha^{-1}$. The high EC value and volatile acid contents of soil solution were regarded as the cause of severe wilting of young rice plants. Increase of NaCl application rate upto $900kgha^{-1}$ showed no significant reduction of dry matter yield at harvesting stage. Regardless of application rates FWC reduced the dry matter yield at harvesting stage, while SMC increased it with increase of application rates upto $40Mgha^{-1}$. In NPK+NaCl and FWC treatments, Na contents and equivalent ratio in plants increased linearly with increase of Na application rates. Between Na and K equivalent ratio negative correlation with high significance was shown. In contrast to much difference of Na, K, and Na/K equivalent ratio among treatments, little difference of Na+K indicated the physiological substitution of Na for K in rice plants. Na use efficiency in NPK+NaCl and FWC treatments showed 12-22%.