• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of policies in response to low fertility in Korea. Using a recent nationwide survey on marriage and fertility, this study analyzes the effect of low fertility policies on plan of further birth among young married women according to the number of their children. Awareness of polices in response to low fertility is relatively high, showing the great differences among policy measures. In contrast, the degree of polices in response to low fertility is very low. ranging from 2.0% to 27.6%. The distribution of awareness and experience is different according to the number of children. The results of logistic regression analysis show that awareness of polices in response to low fertility such as economic support, promotion of equality of the sexes significantly affects on plan of further birth. However, this effects disappear when we apply parity specific approach. For example, the plan for first child is quite universal as no difference is found by their awareness of policies in response to low fertility. Similar results are found in married women having plan for second child and third child. With respect to the degree of experience of policies in response to low fertility, the results show that economic support, work-family coexistence, and promotion of equality of the sexes significantly affects the plan of further birth. Like awareness of policies in response to low fertility, these effects disappear as we apply parity specific approach. The results indicate that the effect of policies in response to low fertility differs by the current number of children. Thus, consideration of such difference would help us deepen our understanding of fertility behaviors and polices in response to low fertility.

• Proceedings of the Population Association of Korea Conference
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.59-87
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• 2006

This paper explores the effects of the 1997 economic crisis on the pattern of socioeconomic differentials in fertility. Based on analysis of data from the 2003 Korea National Fertility Survey, this study focuses on recent changes in the level of fertility according to socioeconomic status of the couple including educational level, occupation, working status, income, etc. Results reveal that the level of fertility of those with the highest education, most prestigious occupation, and employer status are higher than those of the next group in the socioeconomic hierarchy. These findings imply that the straight line inverse pattern of socioeconomic differentials in CEB yielded to a reversed J-shaped curve. However, recent differentials of fertility after the economic crisis were found to contrast with the pattern above. Decrease in fertility has been most drastic among those with a high level of fertility, and relatively slow for those with a low level of fertility. The level of recent fertility turns out to be highest among those with upper-middle socioeconomic status, followed by those with the highest socioeconomic status and those with the lowest status. Policy implications and some comments on current population policies of the Korean government are also presented in this paper.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) technique compared with conventional ICSI and previous ICSI attempts in oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) patients. Methods: The sperms were selected under high magnification ($6,600{\times}$) and used to induce fertilization in previous ICSI patients by IMSI. These results were compared with previous conventional ICSI cycles in patients with OAT infertility. Results: These results demonstrated no significant difference in the fertilization rate between IMSI and previous ICSI cycles (67.7% vs. 65.0%). However, the pregnancy and implantation rates with IMSI were significantly higher than those of the ICSI cycles (33.3% vs. 12.5% and 14.6% vs. 5.4%, respectively; p<0.05). The miscarriage rate among pregnant patients (18.2% vs. 37.5%) showed no statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusion: Compared to conventional ICSI, this study found that IMSI increased the IVF-ET success rates in patients with OAT.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.343-346
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• 2000

Rye breeding using F$_1$ hybrid began about 30 years ago, when cytoplasmically inherited forms of male sterility (CMS) and corresponding nuclear restorers were detected. It is very important to produce inbred lines for making hybrid lines because of strong self-incompatibility in rye. Among the 456 rye germplasms used in hybrid breeding scheme, 24 lines (5.3%) had the above 60% of self-fertility, and six lines of them were selected for their good agronomic characteristics and were used for subsequent inbreeding program. The average self-fertility of selected six lines was 78.4%, ranging from 72.2 to 99.5%. Genetic analysis for the self-fertility using $F_2$ populations showed that the segregation of self-fertile and sterile plants in F$_2$populations could be fit into 3 to 1 ratio suggesting self-fertility in rye be controlled by one major gene. The four different self-fertile lines, PI237923, 5C11, 5G5 and Florida black, had the same self-fertility gene because their F$_2$ plants showed almost the same self-fertility as their parents and showed no genetic segregation.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.113-137
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• 2009

This article uses genealogical information to estimate fertility, mortality, and population growth in Korea during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Upper class males' probability of dying as estimated from genealogies was converted into that for the whole male population drawing upon information on colonial mortality and model life tables, which indicated male life expectancy at birth was 23 years. Age-specific marital fertility rates for upper class females as calculated from genealogies were combined with estimates of age at first marriage and information on colonial fertility to derive age-specific fertility rate for the whole female population, which implied a total fertility rate of 6.81. Finally, the estimated indices of mortality and fertility were inserted into equations describing stable populations to find that the Korean population grew 0.62% p.a. during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

With advances in the methods of cancer treatment used in modern medicine, the number of breast cancer survivors has been consistently rising. As the number of women who wish to become pregnant after being diagnosed with breast cancer increases, it is necessary to consider fertility preservation in these patients. However, medical doctors may be unaware of the importance of fertility preservation among cancer patients because most patients do not share their concerns about fertility with their doctors. Considering the time spent choosing and undergoing treatment, an early referral to a reproductive specialist is the best way to prevent a delay in cancer treatment. Since it is not easy to make decisions on matters related to cancer diagnosis and fertility, patients should be provided with enough time for decision-making, and to allow for this, an early referral will provide patients with sufficient time to choose an appropriate method of fertility preservation. The currently available options of fertility preservation for patients with breast cancer include cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes, and ovarian tissue and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment before and during chemotherapy. An appropriate method of fertility preservation must be selected through consultations between individual patients and health professionals and analyses of the pros and cons of different options.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1985

To secure a higher percentage of fertility in hatching eggs and a higher percentage of hatchability of the fertile eggs should be of direct benefit to poultry breeder ana hatchery operators. This study was carried out to estimate the relationships of egg production and fertility in broiler breeder. The data analysed were the record of pullets (5 strains) of broiler breeder raised at Poultry Breeding Farm, Seoul National Univ. from 1982 to 1983. Since the purpose of the study was only to find out the relationships between egg Production and fertility, many other factors thought to be included in fertility were fixed as much as possible. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Mean figure of egg production rate and fertility from 30 weeks age to 60 Weeks of age to 60 weeks of age were 60.5-65.2 percent and 82.7-87.9 percent. 2. Correlation coefficients between egg Production rate and fertility were high and positive, except line K, and the coefficients have highly significant differences. 3. Regression coefficients of fertility on egg Production rate were 0.54-0.97, except line K. 4. Maximum fertility age estimated from the polynomial regression equation were 44-47 weeks. The results obtained in this study suggested that the selection of high performance strain in egg Production should improve the fertility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.251-261
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• 2020

This study aims to suggest a new perspective that can account for variations in fertility rates across OECD countries. Most previous literature has highlighted the influence of government policies on fertility rates. This study focuses the role of job strain, unequal division of household labor, and life satisfaction on fertility rates. These factors are related to work-life balance, and play a crucial role in understanding variations in fertility rates across OECD countries. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative research analysis (fsQCA), this study tests whether fertility rates can be explained by differences in the levels of job strain, gender equality at home, and life satisfaction across countries. The results are as follows: First, high fertility-countries show low levels of job strain, equal division of household labor, high levels of life satisfaction, and high levels of GDP. Second, a high level of GDP is not crucial for achieving high fertility rates. This study suggests that changes in working conditions and organizational culture are required to increase the fertility rate in Korea, since this can influence work-life balance, life satisfaction and equal division of household labor.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1988

The subjects used in this study were chosen from self-employed women in Taegu City, Korea, Data for 415 respondents were collected by face-to-face interviews conducted during the period of November 10 through 23, 1987. There are three major purposes in this study : first, to describe the general characteristics of self-employed Korean women's fertility behavior ; second, to examine the determinants of fertility behavior among self-employed women : third, to explore the relative importance of the fertility determinants among the women. Regression analyses were introduced to test hypotheses. Nine variables, such as household income, educational attainment, mass media, abortion, the period of contraception practice, contraceptive expenses, the number of infant, deaths marital period, and age at first marriage were introduced as indicators in the regression. The results of this study show that there are negative relationships between the dependent variable of fertility and abortion, and the period of contraception practice. On the other hand, positive relationships between the dependent variable of fertility and the number of infant deaths, and marital period and age at first marriage are shown in this study. However, the results of this study show that there are insignificant relationships between socioeconomic variables and fertility. From the results of the F test to evaluate the significance of difference in $R^2$between two different regression equations, we have found that the regression equation including both socioeconomic variables and intermediate variables is misspecified to examine the determinants of fertility behavior among self-employed Korean women. That is, the F test shows that the regression equation including only intermediate variables as indicators is the best model for this study. Finally, the relative importance of the fertility determinants among self-employed women is found as follows : Age at the first marriage is the most influential variable in the fertility, and the next important factors are abortion, the period of contraception practice, the number of infant deaths, and marital period, in that order.