• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2001

골뱅이의 가공 부산물인 내장의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 단백질 가수분해효소인 bromelain을 첨가하여 젓갈을 제조하였다. 골뱅이의 내장을 마쇄하여 염농도를 10, 15, 25%로 달리하며 bromelain을 각각 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5% 첨가하여 $10^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 숙성하며 품질을 관찰하였다. 젓갈은 모든 조건에서 숙성 초기에 6.1 내외의 pH를 보이다가 숙성 1주 정도에서는 점차 낮아졌으며 다시 2주에는 조금씩 증가하여 3주까지 계속해서 증가하다가 4주에서는 pH가 낮아져서 $5.6{\sim}6.0$ 정도까지 감소하는 것을 나타내었다. 그러나, 염농도가 낮은 경우에서 높은 염농도의 경우에 비해 초기 2주까지 pH의 변화가 적게 관찰되었으며, 염농도 10, 15%의 경우 첨가한 bromelain의 양이 증가할수록 pH가 적게 하락하였다. 아미노태 질소도 염농도가 낮을수록, 첨가한 bromelain의 양이 많을수록 많이 생성되었으며, 염농도 10%와 효소농도 0.5%에서 780 mg%로 가장 높게 측정되었다. 총질소함량은 숙성 기간의 경과에 따라 상승하였으며, bromelain의 양이 많을수록 초기에 급격히 증가하였다. 총균수와 젖산균수는 염의 농도가 높을수록 낮게 측정되었으며, 대장균군은 관찰되지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.721-729
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• 2013

본 연구는 염농도의 저하에 따른 저염 오징어젓갈의 유통기한 감소에 대하여 유통기한의 연장과 기능성 제품화의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 천연식물추출물 첨가에 따른 저장기간별 품질특성, 최적발효기한, 유통기한 설정 및 생리활성을 연구하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첨가군 모두 저장온도가 증가할수록 pH는 급격히 감소하였고, 아미노질소, 휘발성염기질소의 함량은 급격히 증가하였으며, 총균수 역시 증가하였다. 유통기한 및 최적발효기한은 Arrhenius equation의 결과에 따라 $10^{\circ}C$에서 대조구 34 및 28일, 월계수첨가 35 및 29일, 녹차첨가 34 및 30일, 솔잎첨가 34 및 29일 저장한 것이었다. 구성 및 유리아미노산은 첨가군 모두가 glutamic acid, glycine, alanine 등의 감칠맛, 단맛을 내는 아미노산의 함량이 대부분을 차지하여 맛에서 우수하다고 판단되었고, 핵산관련물질은 첨가군 모두 쓴맛을 나타내는 hypoxanthine이 대부분을 차지하였으며, 그 뒤 inosine 및 정미성분인 IMP 순이었다. 관능검사결과 월계수첨가군이 종합적으로 가장 뛰어났다. 생리활성은 첨가군이 대조구에 비해 활성이 높았으며, 기능성 제품으로서의 상업화가 가능하다고 판단된다. 그러므로 천연식물추출물을 첨가한 저염 오징어젓갈은 웰빙 등 시대의 변화에 맞추어 현대인의 식기호에 적합한 식품으로 이용 가능하며, 젓갈의 고급화 및 부가가치 창출이 가능하다고 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.709-714
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• 2002

본 실험은 동해안 특산 어종인 까나리 액젓의 속성제조를 위하여 발효촉진제 (오징어 내장, koji 및 효소)를 첨가한 다음 15$^{\circ}C$에서 숙성 중 여러 가지 성분변화를 분석하였다. 숙성기간 동안 수분은 모든 실험구에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 단백질 함량은 모든 시료에서 숙성 1개월째까지 급격히 증가하였으며 그 이후의 숙성기간에서는 미세한 증가 현상을 나타내었다. 조지방은 숙성 기간 동안 오징어 내장 첨가구에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 탄수화물은 koji 첨가군이 가장 높게 나타났다. 조회분은 숙성기간동안 모든 실험구에서 꾸준히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 pH는 모든 실험구에서 큰 변화는 나타나지 않았으며 오징어 내장 첨가구가 가장 낮게 나타내었다. TMA 함량은 모든 실험구에서 숙성 3개월째까지 계속 증가하다가 그 후 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 아미노태 질소량은 모든 실험구에서 숙성 3개월째까지 완만하게 증가하였으며 숙성 4개월이하부터는 모든 실험구에서 급격한 증가량을 나타내었다. VBN 함량은 모든 실험구에서 숙성 2개월까지 미세하게 증가하였으나 숙성 3개월째에 모든 발효 촉진제 첨가구에서 급격히 증가하였으며 전 숙성 기간에 걸쳐 오징어 내장 첨가군이 가장 높은 VBN 함량을 나타내었다. 숙성 중 오징어 내장 첨가군에서는 본 논문에서는 자료를 제시하지 않았지만 숙성 3개월째 다른 첨가군과는 다른 독특한 고소한 향과 감칠맛을 나타내었다. 속성 까나리 어간장을 제조하기 위한 속성 발효제로서 오징어내장 및 koji는 발효기간을 단축시킬 수 있을 뿐 아니라 독특한 맛을 형성하므로 까나리 어간장의 속성제조에 발효촉진제로 사용이 가능하다고 보여진다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2014

Folic acid, one of the B group of vitamins, is an essential substance for maintaining the functions of the nervous system, and is also known to decrease the level of homocysteine in plasma. Homocysteine influences the lowering of the cognitive function in humans, and especially in elderly people. In order to determine the strains with a strong capacity to produce folic acid, 190 bacteria were isolated from various kinds of jeotgal and chungkuk-jang. In our test experiment, JA71 was found to contain $9.03{\mu}g/mL$ of folic acid after 24 h of incubation in an MRS broth. This showed that JA71 has the highest folic acid production ability compared to the other lactic acid bacteria that were isolated. JA71 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by the result of API carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16s rDNA sequence. JA71 was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of JA71 was $37^{\circ}C$, and the cultures took 12 h to reach pH 4.4. JA71 proved more sensitive to bacitracin when compared with fifteen different antibiotics, and showed most resistance to neomycin and vancomycin. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant of bile juice and acid, and displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus with restraint rates of 60.4%, 96.7%, and 76.2%, respectively. These results demonstrate that JA71 could be an excellent strain for application to functional products.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.455-467
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to survey the various kinds of recipes for pheasant found in seventeen Korean cookbooks published from the 1800's to the 1990's. There were 95 pheasant recipes found in the literature which could be classified into three major groups: cooking with moist heat, cooking with dry heat, and other. The three major groups were then broken down into thirteen smaller groups. A detailed look at the frequency of terms in each recipe shows that Gui Sanjeok (grilled Korean shish kebabs) appears 24 times, Guk Tang and Jeongol (soup and stew) 23 times, Kimchi (fermented cabbage) 11 times, Po (jerky) 9 times, Jorim (boiled in soy sauce) 7 times, Jjim (steamed) 6 times, Bokeum (stir-fried) 5 times, Twigim (deep-fried) 3 times, Buchim (fried) 2 times, Jigae jijim (stewed) 2 times, and Jang (paste), Myeon (noodles), Gooum (boiled) and Yeot (Korean hard taffy) 1 time each. The main ingredient is always the pheasant. We investigated the use of the whole pheasant cooked, how to slice and tenderize pheasant meat, use the meat only, or use only certain parts. Depending on the characteristics of cooking recipes, pheasants with thin, soft bones and organs were investigated for cooking. Substituted materials were used for a few of the vegetables, meat, and seafood in the recipes, and seem to go well together. Garnishes used included pine nut powder and fried eggs. Seasoned salt, soy sauce, pepper, sesame, sesame oil, chopped onion, garlic, and ginger were also reported to have been used.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.462-468
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• 2013

오징어젓갈의 안전성 확보 및 품질 균일화를 목적으로 사용할 종균 후보 선발을 위하여 오징어젓갈 우점 bacteria를 도출하고, 이들 중 황색포도상구균과 장염비브리오균에 대한 생육저해활성 보유 균주를 선발하였다. 6종의 배지를 이용하여 2종류의 오징어젓갈 시료로부터 순수 분리한 121 균주를 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열분석을 통하여 동정한 결과, Bacillus 속, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), 유산균의 순으로 우점하는 것으로 나타났다. CNS는 두 시료 모두에서 검출되었고, 유산균은 시료에 따라 분리되는 종(species)이 다르게 나타났다. 121 균주로부터 선발된 황색포도상구균과 장염비브리오균의 생육을 모두 저해하는 6종의 Bacillus 균주는 NaCl이 6% 첨가된 배지에서 단백질분해활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Onggi, described as a 'breathing' type of pottery' has significantly influenced the traditional food culture of Korea. It is known that Onggi is an optimal type of storage for fermented foods such as soy sauce, salted seafood, and Kimchi, as air or liquid can penetrate through the body of this material. These foods gain flavor due to the breeding of aerobic bacteria at the beginning of the fermentation process. In this study, Onggi materials from five regions, Gangjin, Yeoju, Ulsan, Yesan, and Jeju, were collected and analyzed to determine their chemical and physical properties before and after sintering. The differences in the raw materials of other mining regions are examined in terms of their chemical and mineralogical compositions, specific surface area, particle size, and particle distribution. Among them, the Gangjin raw material has the greatest mean particle size of $92.29{\mu}m$, as well as the widest particle size distribution. Differences in the levels of $SiO_2$ and $Fe_2O_3$ are shown among Onggi raw materials. However, the crystalline phases formed after sintering are identical, except for the Jeju samples. At all sintering temperatures tested here, Gangjin Onggi showed the greatest porosity, leading to complete air permeation through the body within 90 minutes. These results taken together indicate that air permeation is strongly related to the pore structures in the Onggi body. This is assumed to affect the fermentation behavior.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1469-1476
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• 2007

Jeot-gal is a traditional Korean fermented seafood and has long been used for seasoning. We isolated 188 strains from shrimp, anchovy, and yellow corvina Jeot-gal, and screened sixteen strains that showed strong fibrinolytic activities on a fibrin plate. Among those strains, the strain that had the largest halo zone was chosen and identified as Bacillus licheniformis by using 16S rDNA sequencing and an API CHB kit. The fibrinolytic activity of Bacillus licheniformis was characterized and designated as bpKJ-31. The active component of bpKJ-31 was identified as a 37 kDa protein, designated bacillopeptidase F, by internal peptide mapping and N-terminal sequencing. The optimum activity of bpKJ-31 was shown at pH 9 and $40^{\circ}C$, with a chromogenic substrate for plasmin. It had high degrading activity for the $B{\beta}$-chain and $A{\alpha}$-chain of fibrin(ogen), and also acted on thrombin, but not skim milk and casein. The amidolytic activity of bpKJ-31 was inhibited by 1 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, but 1 mM EDTA did not affect the enzyme activity, indicating that bpKJ-31 is an alkaline serine protease, like a plasmin. The bpKJ-31 showed approximately 14.3% higher fibrinolytic activity than the plasmin. These features of bpKJ-31 make it attractive as a health-promoting biomaterial.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2011

In this study, we compared the differences and similarities between the Korean food culture and the Vietnamese food culture by surveying food resources and researching the process of Korean food being accepted into Vietnam. We suggest countermeasures for advancing Korean food into Vietnam. We conducted in-depth interviews regarding Korean food with Vietnamese food specialists who ate Korean food. As a result, Vietnamese foodies eagerly recognized that the most representative thing about Korean food was the special properties of its various and affluent side dishes. They were also aware of kimchi, made of various vegetables and condiments, as an excellent side dish compared to the Vietnamese who's staple is boiled rice. Furthermore, the flavor of Korean food was preferred by the Vietnamese who were familiar with foods such as Neue-ok-mom or fermented seafood. It was thought that the new food could be eaten with many vegetables. The specialists replied that the most typical functional property of Korean food was health. The acceptance process of Korean food into Vietnam was based on the acculturation theory. That made the Vietnamese easily experienced strange culture in the case of propagation by whom have already experienced, through the selective filter steps by various images of Korea, and made them accept the Korean food through temporary choose and acceptance step such as recommendations by friends. Globalization strategies for Korean food proposed by the Vietnamese foodies were public relations marketing in voluntary contact environments, distinguishing traditional Korean foods through research and development, and globalization by diversifying the Korean restaurant concept.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2013

Vibrio parahaemolyticus in uncooked seafood causes acute gastroenteritis. The microorganism has two sets of type III secretion systems and two hemolysins. When it injects its effector proteins into a host cell via type III secretion system 1, one of the type III secretion systems induces secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory chemokine, through the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. Although probiotics have beneficial effects on hosts and can help control some infectious diseases, there is little research on the efficacy of probiotics in V. parahaemolyticus infection. Here we pretreated V. parahaemolyticus-infected human intestinal epithelial cells with heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis KB290, a probiotic isolated from fermented vegetables (traditional Japanese pickles) and utilized as an ingredient of beverages and supplementary foods, and demonstrated its efficacy in enhancing IL-8 secretion from V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. Among the three heat-killed lactic acid bacterial strains we tested, L. brevis KB290 induced the highest level of IL-8 secretions in the infected cells. Relative to control cells (Caco-2 cells pretreated with PBS), V. parahaemolyticus-infected Caco-2 cells pretreated with heat-killed L. brevis KB290 secreted IL-8 earlier, although concentrations were similar 450min after infection. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 pretreatment also induced earlier ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, greater p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression. Heat-killed L. brevis KB290 accelerated IL-8 secretion, a host cell immune response, in V. parahaemolyticus-infected cells. We consider this to be beneficial because IL-8 plays an important defensive role against infection, and would contribute to the repair of injured epithelial cells.