• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 1994

A yeast was isolated from the spoiled ginseng product. The isolate was ellipsoidal shaped yeast measured around 2.0 to 2.5 w in diameter. The strain formed pseudomycelium on potato-dextrose agar medium. The isolated yeast used glucose as fermentable sugar, and showed assimilation activity for glucose, sorbitol and mannitol. The strain was also able to grow in the presence of 1% acetic acid and 50% (w/v) glucose-yeast extract agar. The isolated osmophilic yeast was identified as a strain of Zygosauharomyce sp.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

Pre-pulping extracts were found to contain a dilute amount of xylo-oligosaccharides and acetic acid as the major components, and many minor components including other organic acids, lignin-derived phenolics, and sugar degradation products. Once separated from the pulp, a secondary hydrolysis step was required to hydrolyze oligomeric hemicellulose sugars into monomeric sugars before fermentation. The following study detailed the extent of hemicellulose recovery by pre-pulping using hot water extraction and characterized the hydrolysis of the extract with respect to comparing acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. The secondaryhydrolysis of hot water extracts made at an H-Factor of 800 was tested for a variety of acid and enzyme loading levels using the sulfuric acid and xylanases. The maximum fermentable sugar yield from acid and enzyme hydrolysis of the extract was 18.7 g/${\ell}$ and 17.7 g/${\ell}$ representing 84.6% and 80.1% of the maximum possible yield, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 1998

Sugars in Korean beer(3 brands) and Japanese beer(21 brands) were studied by HPLC and TLC. Total sugar of beer were estimated to 1.71∼3.93%(average 3.15%). Ethanol 4.5% class beers were estimated to 3.24% for Korean brands and 2.5% for Japanese brands. Ethanol 5% and 5.5% class beer were estimated to contain 3.2% for Japanese brands, respectively. Maltooligosaccharide series from glucose to maltodecaose were detected in the test of TLC and HPLC. No fermentable maltooligosaccarides and limit dextrin were estimated to 2.32%. But sugars in Korean Sikhye, rice drink saccharifide by malt, were not detected maltooligosaccharide series form maltotetraose to maltoheptaose.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2012

Galactose, an isomer of glucose with an opposite hydroxyl group at the 4-carbon, is a major fermentable sugar in various promising feedstock for hydrogen production including red algal biomass. In this study, hydrogen production characteristics of galactose-glucose mixture were investigated using batch fermentation experiments with heat-treated digester sludge as inoclua. Galactose showed a hydogen yield compatible with glucose. However, more complicated metabolic steps for galactose utilization caused a slower hydrogen production rate. The existence of glucose aggravated the hydrogen production rate, which would result from the regulation of galactose-utilizing enzymes by glucose. Hydrogen produciton rate at galactose to glucose ratio of 8:2 or 6:4 was 67% of the production rate for galactose and 33% for glucose, which could need approximately 1.5 and 3 times longer hydraulic retention time than galacgtose only condition and glucose only condition, respectively, in continuous fermentation. Hydrogen production rate, Hydrogen yield, and organic acid production at galactose to glucose ratio of 8:2 or 6:4 were 0.14 mL H2/mL/hr, 0.78 mol $H_2$/mol sugar, and 11.89 g COD/L, respectively. Galactose-rich biomass could be usable for hydogen fermenation, however, the fermentation time should be allowed enough.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.152-158
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• 1976

Cultivation condition of yeast on the utilization of fermentable substrate from the cellulosic wastes such as rice hull, rice straw and corn starch cake was investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows；1. Corn starch cake was respectively added to rice hull and rice straw in order to increase sugar concentration in the hydrolyzate, and then hydrolyzed. As the result, concentration of sugar in hydrolyzed solution of rice hull was 9.12％, in that of rice straw was 7.98％. 2. It was found that calcium carbonate as a neutralizer was the most effective to prepare the culture broth of yeast. 3. An optimal growth of Hansenula subpelliculosa GFY-2 was observed in the medium prepared by adding 0.3％ of ammonium sulfate, 0.4％ of potassium phosphate dibasic, 0.02％ of magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride to hydrolyaed sugar solution, respectively. 4. Hansenula subpellicuiosa GFY-2 cultured in the substrate solution which of rice hull and rice straw added to corn starch cake was assimilated more than 90％ of sugar in the hydrolyzate within 48 hours. The yeast cells yielded in rice hull was 46.5％, and that of rice straw 45.4％ to utilized sugars.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1973

A method for acid-hydrolysis of agricultural wastes and its utilization was investigated. In order to obtain fermentable sugar solution from cellulosic wastes such as cereal straws and hulls, in particular, of rice, barley and wheat, the chemical compositions were analyzed and optimum conditions of hydrolysis determined. The cereal straws contain 42 to 55 % of crude cellulose including hemicellulose. On the hydrolysis with 1% of sulfuric acid at 40 psig, 35.6% of the reducing sugar based on the weight of dry matter was formed from rice straw, (variety Chinheung) in 30 min. More powerful condition of hydrolysis would appear to decompose the sugar formed into other compounds, for instance, furfural. Under atmospheric pressure with 5% of the acid, rice straw was hydrolyzed to 35% of reducing sugar content in 3 hours. Candida utilis could assimilate the sugars in the hydrolyzate up to more than 97%, and a yield of the yeast cells reached 55% to the utilized sugars.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.651-665
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• 2020

Hydrolysis of biomass for the production of fermentable sugar can be improved by the addition of surfactants. In pulp and paper mills, lignin, which is a by-product of the pulping process, can be utilized as a fine chemical. In the hydrolysis process, lignin is one of the major inhibitors of the enzymatic breakdown cellulose into sugar monomer. Therefore, the conversion of lignin into a biosurfactant offers the opportunity to solve the waste problem and improve hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, lignin derivatives, a biosurfactant, was applied to enzymatic hydrolysis of various lignocellulosic biomass. This Biosurfactant can be prepared by reacting lignin with a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol diglycidylethers (PEDGE). In this study, the effect of biosurfactants on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), oil palm empty fruit bunch, and sugarcane trash with different lignin contents was investigated. The results show that lignin derivatives improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass with low lignin content, however, it has less influence on the enzymatic hydrolysis of other pretreated biomass with lignin content higher than 10% (w/w). The use of biosurfactant on SSB kraft pulp can increase the sugar yield from 45.57% to 81.49%.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2016

Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer constituent of the cell wall of green plants and of various forms of algae. The complexity of lignocellulosic biomass is a major challenge in industrial research. Most mushroom species that naturally grow on soil or wood possess cellulases and the corresponding enzymatic system and, potential candidates for the direct bioconversion of softwood polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. However, there have been fewer studies on mushroom cellulases than on fungi such as Trichoderma spp., exploit the full potential of mushroom cellulases. This review will focus on the current status ofmushroom cellulase research and applications and will provide insight into promising future prospects.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2011

Ulva pertusa is one of the worst pollutant like a waste vinyl after agriculture and caused bad smell at seashore in Jejudo and south area of korean peninsular. For favorable environmental utilization of Ulva pertusa, it could be applied for ethanol production with its acid hydrolysate. The components of hydrolysate included fermentable sugar of glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and higher amounts of unfermentable rhamnose. Fermentable sugars were converted to ethanol with S. cerevisiae, also xylose to ethanol with P. stipitis, their maximun ethanol production at optimum conditions were 462 ${\mu}g$/mL and 475 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. While, rhamnose cannot be changed to ethanol with S. cerevisiae or P. stipitis, alone. Combination of S. cerevisiae and P. stipitis can convert rhamnose to ethanol, because P.stipitis degradaded rhamnose to pyruvate, and then S. cerevisiae convert to ethanol, at optimum conditions, ethanol reached to 782 ${\mu}g$/mL (30.24%) that is higher than that of 2 strain alone from 500 mg of dried Ulva pertusa contained 2586.45 ${\mu}g$/mL of reduced sugars. Ulva pertusa can be utilized for renewal energy insted of environmenatal enemy.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.235-238
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• 2008

We examined butanol fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 using various hydrolyzates obtained from rice bran which is one of the most abundant agricultural by-products in Korea and Japan. In order to increase the amount of fermentable sugars in the hydrolyzates of rice bran, various hydrolysis procedures were applied. Total eight different hydrolyzates were prepared using rice bran (RB) and defatted rice bran (DRB) with enzyme or acid treatment and both. Each hydrolyzate was evaluated in terms of total sugar concentration and butanol production after fermentation by C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. Acid treatment yielded more sugar than enzyme treatment and combined treatment with enzyme and acid yielded even more sugars as compared to single treatment with enzyme or acid. As a result, the highest sugar concentration (33 g/L) was observed from the hydrolyzate from DRB (100 g/L) with combined treatment using enzyme and acid. Prior to perform fermentation of the hydrolyzates, we examined the effect of P2 solution containing yeast extract, buffer, minerals, and vitamins on production of butanol during the fermentation. Fermentation of the hydrolyzates with or without additionof P2 was performed using C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 in a 1 L anaerobic bioreactor. Although the hydrolyzates RB were able to support growth and butanol production, addition of P2 solution into the hydrolyzates significantly improved cell growth and butanol production. Highest butanol production (12.24 g/L) was observed from the hydrolyzate of DRB with acid and enzyme treatment after supplementation of P2 solution.