• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.513-519
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• 1998

인간의 태반성 성선자극 호르몬(HCG) 또는 성선자극 호르몬-방출 호르몬 유도체(GnRH-a) 단독 주사와 HCG+GnRH-a, GnRH-a+prostaglandin E sub(2) (PGF sub(2)), GnRH-a+pimozide를 복합적으로 주사하여 성숙한 암컷 쏘가리에서 배란 유도 실험을 하였다. 호르몬과 유도체의 반응 효과는 배란후 인공 수정하여 수정율과 배체형성율을 측정하여 결정하였다. 일반적으로 GnRH-a 실험군이 HCG 실험군에 비해서 수정율과 배체형성율 및 부화율이 높았다. HCG(5,000 IU/kg)+(GnRH-a(10 ${\mu}$g), GnRH-a(10 ${\mu}$g/kg)+PG$F^2$(500 ng/kg) 및 GnRH-a(10 ${\mu}$g/kg)+pimozide(1-5 mg/kg)에서 89% 이상의 높은 부화율을 보였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 성성숙 호르몬과 자극물질로 처리된 모든 암컷에서 배란이 유도되었지만, HCG+GnRH-a+dopamine과 GnRH-a+PG$F_2$+indometacin 처리군에서는 배란이 억제되었다. 이들의 결과는 산란시기에 여러 가지 성성숙 호르몬과 관련된 호르몬과 성성숙 억제물질(GRIF)이 분비된다는 점을 시사한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2011

The mechanism by which gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dopamine (DA) control gonadotropin (GTH) release was studied in male and female rainbow trout using cultured pituitary cells obtained at different reproductive stages. The mechanisms of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release by GnRH and DA could not be determined yet. However, basal and salmon-type GnRH (sGnRH)- or chicken-II-type GnRH (cGnRH-II)- induced luteinizing hormone (LH) release increased with gonadal maturation in both sexes. LH release activity was higher after sGnRH stimulation than cGnRH-II stimulation at maturing stages in both sexes. The GnRH antagonist ([Ac-3, 4-dehydro-$Pro^1$, D-p-F-$Phe^2$, D-$Trp^{3,6}$] GnRH) suppressed LH release by sGnRH stimulation in a dose-dependent manner, although the effect was weak in maturing fish. The role of DA as a GTH-release inhibitory factor differs during the reproductive cycle: the inhibition of sGnRH-stimulated LH release by DA was stronger in immature fish than in maturing, ovulating, or spermiated fish. DA did not completely inhibit sGnRH-stimulated LH release, and DA alone did not alter basal LH release. Relatively high doses ($10^{-6}$ or $10^{-5}M$) of domperidone (DOM, a DA D2 antagonist) increased LH release, which did not change with reproductive stage in either sex. The potency of DOM to enhance sGnRH-stimulated LH release was higher in maturing and ovulated fish than in immature fish. These data suggest that LH release from the pituitary gland is controlled by dual neuroendocrine mechanisms by GnRH and DA in rainbow trout, as has been reported in other teleosts. The mechanism of control of FSH release, however, remains unknown.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.173-181
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• 1992

Duck is an important domestic animal, especially in Asia. Eighty five percent of ducks in the world are kept in Asia, especially in the East and South Asia regions. The ancestor of domesticated ducks was mallard (Anas platylhynchos), which are still migrating between north and southern parts in Eurasia. Ducks have been domesticated in China for at least 3000 years ago. Phylogenetic studies on ducks, employing electrophoresis of blood proteins, indicate a marked difference of genetic constitution between duck breeds in southeast Asia and those in northeast Asia. Duck embryonic ovary is much more active in secretion of sex steroid hormones especially estradiol than the embryonic testes. Estradiol secreted by the embryonic left ovary has an important role in female sexual differentiation in ducks. In the female ducks, plasma LH, estradiol and testosterone levels increase and reach peaks shortly before the first egg, while progesterone level reach a peak shortly after the first egg. In laying ducks oviposition mostly occurs in the last 3 hr of darkness and first hr of light ranging 02:00-06:00 under 14 hr light (05:00-19:00) and 10 hr darkness photoperiodic condition. Measurements of plasma hormone levels reveal that onset of darkness is a major signal for LH release from the pituitary and the subsequent release of progesterone from ovary, and for induction of ovulation in the female duck.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

Gender specificity in muscle growth and development is well known. Genesis of muscle is dependent on proliferation and differentiation potential of resident myogenic satellite cells (MSCs) present in muscle fibers. Multipotential capacity of forming myocyte, osteocyte, and adipocyte like cell makes MSCs a unique stem cell. To understand the molecular mechanism involved in determination of muscle quality due to difference in hormone concentration of different gender of animals, MSCs were isolated from bovine skeletal muscle and cultured in male, female, and castrated serum supplemented media. DNA microarray used consisted of 24,000 spots with 70 mer oligo in each spot. A total of 88 genes were up-regulated and 551 genes were down-regulated by more than two fold. Among up-regulated gene, 33, 34, and 21 genes were found up-regulated in cells grown in male, female, and castrated serum, respectively. Interestingly, male serum showed 4, female 11 and castrated male showed 4 genes expressed highly in each gender. Further study on the highly up-regulated gene may unfold the mystery of gender specificity found in muscle development. Also, the identification of differentially expressed genes in gender-specific serum will add information on infrastructure of bovine genome research.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2003년도 학술대회
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

Interactions of both feminizing and masculinizing chemicals inducing imposex in gastropod were investigated with a long-term exposure experiment. Imposex-free rock shell(Thais-clavigera)was exposed to TBT and other antagonistic chemicals (nonylphenol and DDT), P450 inducer (phenobarbital) and natural sex hormone (estrogen) mixtures for 60 days. None of imposexed-females were found in control, sham (ethanol) and testosterone exposure group, on the other hand imposex was induced in the TBT and all the TBT+antagonist mixture groups. After 60-day exposure, frequency of imposexed-female ranged from 31-68%. Female mean penis length (FMPL) of imposexed-female ranged from 0.87-2.58 mm, and relative penis length indices were from 7.2 to 21.2%. However, the degrees of imposex were different among the exposure groups. The FMPLS of three exposure groups (TBT+estrogen, + DDT and +nonylphe- not) were less than that of the TBT exposure group. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities in gastropod decreased in the TBT and all the TBT+antagonist ekposure groups compared to the control group. A negative correlation was abtained between TBT body residue and EROD activity, while a positive relationship was obtained between 737 body residue and the degree of imposex except for the TBT +DDT exposure group. Although 737 concentration was relatively high in the TBT+DDT exposure group, the TBT +DDT exposure group demonstrated low EROD activity and low degree of imposex. These results indicate that a certain antagonistic effect of DDT occurred in induction of imposex by TBT.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2009

Those composing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complex such as the temporal bone, the disc and the mandibular condyle perform their own functions with organic relation. The retrodiscal tissue is the main area of pain induction and contributes to compositional change of synovial fluid. If displacement of the disc lasts long time, not only adaptive changes, but also destructive or degenerative changes may happen. It was reported that these changes and symptoms appear mostly to female rather than male and especially, in the case of patients suffering from TMJ disorder, a large quantity of female sex hormone is found in the joint synovium. And that may play a role in bone resorption and inflammation. Also, the frequency and the intensity of pain perception for female is reported to be much more than for male. In this study, we investigated the expression extents of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesteron receptors (PR) in retrodiscal tissue with immunohistochemistry among the patients received TMJ surgery and compared with MRI findings and surgical findings. We report the relations between the expression of ER in retrodiscal tissue and the pathological change in TMJ, such as inflammation, internal derangement and osteoarthritis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2021

Composition of the gut microbiota changes with aging and plays an important role in age-associated disease such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The gut microbiota composition oscillates through the day, and the disruption of their diurnal rhythm results in gut dysbiosis leading to metabolic and immune dysfunctions. It is well documented that circadian rhythm changes with age in several biological functions such as sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. However, it is not defined whether the diurnal pattern of gut microbial composition is affected by aging. To evaluate aging effects on the diurnal pattern of the gut microbiome, we evaluated the taxa profiles of cecal contents obtained from young and aged mice of both sexes at daytime and nighttime points by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At the phylum level, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were increased in aged male mice at night compared with that of young male mice. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of Sutterellaceae, Alloprevotella, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, and Parasutterella increased in aged female mice at night compared with that of young female mice. The Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group relative abundance increased in aged mice of both sexes but at opposite time points. These results showed the changes in diurnal patterns of gut microbial composition with aging, which varied depending on the sex of the host. We suggest that disturbed diurnal patterns of the gut microbiome can be a factor for the underlying mechanism of age-associated gut dysbiosis.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제31권2호통권85호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2001

치아이동에 대한 생력학적 반응은 골 형성과 재형성의 조합이라 할 수 있다. 골 형성과 흡수에는 국소적으로 작용하는 여러 부분비 인자가 관여한다. 대표적인 여성호르몬인 에스트로젠과 프로게스테론도 그 중의 한 인자로 성인 여성은 생리, 임신, 폐경 등 상태에 따라 체내 성호르몬 농도가 달라진다. 따라서 이러한 농도의 변화에 따라 골조직이 영향을 받을 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. 골모세포는 골흡수를 일으키는 호르몬인 PTH, Vit $D_3$ 등에 일차적으로 반응함으로써 골형성 뿐만 아니라 골흡수에도 일정한 역할을 하고 있어 파골 세포에 영향을 주는 부분비 인자도 추측해 볼 수있다. 본 연구에서는 ROS17/2.8 및 HOS 세포주를 배양하면서 에스트로젠 및 프로게스테론 등 여성 호르몬을 처리한후 골모세포의 증식과 활성에 미치는 영향을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 에스트로젠은 HOS 세포의 증식을 억제하였으며 ROS17/2.8 세포의 증식은 촉진하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 2. 에스트로젠은 HOS 세포의 alkaline phosphatase 활성을 증가시켰고 ROS 세포에서는 효소활성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 프로게스테론은 HOS 및 ROS17/2.8 세포 모두의 증식을 억제하였으며 골모세포의 alkaline phosphatase 활성에는영향을 미치지 못하였다. 4. 에스트로젠과 프로게스테론은 골모세포내에서 생성되는 superoxide, nitric oxide 및 gelatinase 활성 등 골모세포의 기능에는 유의한 변화를 일으키지 않았다.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2008

낙동강 상류로부터 유입되는 각종 오염물질로 심하게 오염된 낙동강 하구역에서 오염정도가 다른 두 지역으로부터 문절망둑 Acanthogobius flavimanus을 채집하여 이들의 간중량지수(HSI), 생식선중량지수(GSI), 해독효소계 및 성 호르몬 수준을 비교하였다. 해독효소계로는 cytochrome P450 (CYP), NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R), ethokyresorufin deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST)를 조사하였고, 성 호르몬으로는 자성호르몬인 17$\beta$-estradio(E2)을 비롯하여 웅성호르몬인 testosterone (TT), 11-ketotestolterone (11-KT)을 측정하였다. 그 결과, HSI는 site 1에서 잡은 것이 암수 모두 유의적으로 컸고, GSI는 site 1의 암컷에서 유의적으로 작았다. 그리고 성호르몬 중 11-KT과 TT농도는 오염지역에 따라 차이를 보이지 않았지만, E2농도는 site 1에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05).그리고 해독효소계의 수준은 site 1의 것이 CYP와 EROD수준은 유의적으로 낮았던 반면에 P450R, b5R 및 GST 활성은 site 1에서 높았다. 이들 결과를 정리하면, 낙동강 하구에 서식하는 문절망둑은 성 호르몬 대사를 교란시키는 화합물에 의해 영향을 받고 있으며, 특히 암컷이 더욱 크게 받는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2014

We investigated the androgenic effects of $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on gonadal sex reversal in juvenile red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. The fish were immersed in $17{\alpha}$-MT at 1 and 5 mg/L. Treatment method of $17{\alpha}$-MT was once weekly for 4 and 8 weeks. Fish were sampled at 12 months after end of the treatment period in order to histological analysis. At the initiation of an experiment (70 day after hatching), juvenile red spotted grouper have the paired primordial gonads with somatic cells bellow kidney in the posterior portion of the body cavity. Formation of ovarian cavity indicates that the ovarian differentiation beginning at 70 DAH in red spotted grouper. At 12 months after end of the treatment period, control group, $17{\alpha}$-MT 1 mg/L treatment group for 4 and 8 weeks, and $17{\alpha}$-MT 5 mg/L treatment group for 4 weeks were all female. However, sex-changed males without ovarian cavity were observed in the $17{\alpha}$-MT 5 mg/L treatment group for 8 weeks. In grouper, we firstly reported that the red spotted grouper be able to induce the primary males by hormone treatment prior to gonadal sex differentiation.