• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

Electroglottography (EGG) is a common method for providing non-invasive measurements of glottal activity. EGG has been used in vocal pathology as a clinical or research tool to measure vocal fold contact. This paper presents the results of pitch, jitter, and closed quotient (CQ) measurements in electroglottographic signals of young (mean = 22.7 years) and elderly (mean = 74.3 years) male and female subjects. The sustained corner vowels /i/, /a/, and /u/ were measured at around 70 dB SPL since the most notable among EGG variables is the phonation intensity, which showed positive correlation with closed phase. The aim of this paper was to measure EGG data according to age and gender. In CQ, there was a significant difference between young and elderly female subjects while there was no significant difference between young and elderly male subjects. The mean value for young males was higher than that for elderly males while the mean value for young females was lower than that for elderly females. Thus, it can be said that in mean values, increased CQ was related to decreased age for females, while CQ decreased for males as the speaker's age decreased. Although the laryngeal degeneration due to increased age seems to occur to a lesser extent in females, the significant increase of CQ in elderly female voices could not be explained in terms of age-related physiological changes. In standard deviation of pitch and jitter, the mean values for young and elderly males were higher than that for young and elderly females. That is, male subjects showed higher in mean values of voice variables than female subjects. This result could be considered as a sign of vocal instability in males. It was suggested that these results may provide powerful insights into the control and regulation of normal phonation and into the detection and characterization of pathology.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient intakes of the elderly subjects in Korea. Dietary assessment was carried out using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) developed by our laboratory, which included 98 commonly consumed food items selected from 1998 National Health and Nutritional Survey for Korean population. Subjects (n = 2,660) aged 50yr and over were recruited in Seoul, 6 metropolitan cities, and 8 mid-size cities. Calcium and riboflavin intakes of the elderly subjects aged 65 yr and over (n = 1,974) were much lower compared with Korean RDA. Nutrient intakes of the three age group (50-64 yr, 65-74 yr, 75 yr and over) were decreased as age increased in male and female elderly. Nutrient intakes of male elderly, 75 yr and over, were significantly decreased while in female elderly nutrient intakes were gradually decreased as age increased. Over 30% of the elderly subjects did not meet 75% RDA for calcium, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin. The proportion of the elderly subjects whose intakes were below 75% RDA was much higher than the elderly whose intakes were above 125% RDA, especially among the elderly aged 75 yr and over. This study revealed that the Korean elderly had inadequate intakes for many nutrients. This will cause a serious nutritional problem for the elderly.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.765-774
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• 2007

Aging rate of rural area in our country is relatively high compared to that of the urban area. Thus, the introduction of meal service for the elderly residing in the rural area is necessary for their better living quality. Food habit, health and the nutritive intake conditions during the busy farming season were surveyed and comparative analysis of dietary intake for the introduction of meal service in pavilion of the elderly living in Chungnam, Kangwon, Jeonnam and Kyungbuk was performed for basic reference data of meal service introduction to the pavilion of the elderly in rural area. In general subject, the male elderly had a significant difference in marital state and showed that 79.4% was married and 20% was separated by death(P<0.05). In allowance, there were no significant difference but most of them lived with less then three hundred thousand won and especially, female lived with less then one hundred thousand won. In health state, the female elderly showed significant difference on difficulty with every day activity but with small trouble although they had to prepare their own meal(P<0.05). The condition dental health conditions of the female elderly had a significant difference showing bad conditions in following order; Kangwon(48%)>Chungnam(38.1%)>Kyungbuk(22.9%)>Jeonnam(22.5%)(p<0.05). The female elderly showed a significant difference in usage of denture and number of the female elderly without using the denture were very high(p<0.05). In nutrition intake condition, amount of sodium was very high but intakes of fiber and calcium were relatively 1ow(P<0.05). Meal service introduction in the pavilion of the elderly is suggested for the improvement of the life quality of the elderly in rural area. When developing the menu for them, conditions such as shortage of the fiber and calcium in diets, the dental conditions should be considered.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.1893-1895
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• 2008

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment(MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects(14 males: $22.7{\pm}2.5yrs$, 13 females: $20.5{\pm}1.3yrs$) and the elderly subjects(17 males: $65.8{\pm}10.5yrs$, 26 females: $71.4{\pm}5.2yrs$). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the relationships among bone mineral densities (BMD), anthropometric data and lifestyle factors in the elderly. Subjects included 138 elderly (male: 38, female: 100) aged over 65 years, who were home-(dwelling in a low-income area of Puchon City. The BMDs of the lumbar spines (LS), femoral necks (FN), Ward′s triangles (WT) and trochanters (TC) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The females showed significantly lower BMDs in four sites (p < 0.0001) . The elderly aged over 75 revealed significantly more decreased femoral BMDs than the elderly aged 65 to 74. Female with BMIs of 20 to 25, showed significantly higher BMDs in LS, FN and trochanter than those with BMIs of less than 20. However, males displayed significantly higher BMDs in only LS with increasing BMIs. THe BMDs of LS correlated with weights (r = 0.543, p < 0.001), heights (r = 0.477, p < 0.001), upper arm circumferences (r=0.368, p < 0.01), waist circumferences (r=0.367, p < 0.001), subscapular skinfold thicknesses (r=0.363, p < 0.001) and flip circumferences (r=0.231, p < 0.01). Non-smokers and non-drinkers shelved significantly higher BMDs in trochanters only in the case of the males. Female milk-drinkers showed significantly elevated LS BMDs. Eighteen percent of the males were assessed as having osteoporosis, as compared to fifty percent of the females. Ninety-three percent of the females and 81.6% of the males responded that they often or always had "difficulty in standing for a long time".

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the gender differences of risk factors for falls among the elderly in community dwellings. Methods: We analyzed the data on 3,278(male 1,255, female 2,023) persons, including 497 persons who have experienced falls, drawn from the 2004 National Elderly Survey. We conducted a cross-tabulation analysis, $X^2$-test and hierarchical regression analysis of the impact of the socio-economical characteristics, environmental characteristics, the number of chronic diseases, usage of supplementary devices, activities of daily living, dementia, and the severity of problem behavior. Results: For the entire sample of the elderly, gender, age, the size of the cities of residence, the number of chronic diseases, and the severity of problem behavior were identified as risk factors for falls. The number of chronic diseases and the severity of problem behavior were found to be significant for the male subsample, while age, the size of cities of residence, dwelling types, and the number of chronic diseases were found to be significant for the female subsample. Conclusion: The number of chronic diseases was identified as a common risk factor for falls in the male and female elderly. Chronic diseases were also found to aggravate the risk for falls when they concur with other diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2000

The health-related habits, dietary behaviors and health status as well as the relationships between the health-related habits and dietary behaviors and the health status were investigated in the subjects of the middle aged(20 male and 50 female with the average age of 56.4$\pm$6.1) and the elderly(15 male and 15 female with the average of 68.4$\pm$3.6) living in Chonju. The survey included the personal interview using questionnaires, anthropometric measurement and biochemical tests in December, 1998. The breakfast irregularity was shown in 5.7% of male and 10.8% of female. The consumption of generally lightly salted foods was practiced in half of the subjects. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking were shown in 20% and 31.4% of male group respectively. As judged by their body mass indices(BMI), none of the subjects was belong to the obesity group. However, the considerable degree of overweight was found in female subjects. The upper-body obesity was more prevalent in female compared to male group. The percentages of the anemic subjects as judged by WHO hemoglobin level were found to be relatively high specially for female(26.2%). The blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol determination showed that the middle aged males and the elderly females tend to have higher levels compared to the different age bracket subjects from two-way ANOVA. Therefore, it can be assumed that the middle aged males and the elderly females are under the greater risk than the other groups. The analysis of the relationships between health-related habits and dietary behavior, and the health status showed that the regularity of breakfast, the consumption of lightly salted foods, the frequency of exercise and the alcohol drinking pattern influenced the city dwellers and the risk-related health habits as well as dietary behavior.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of body composition of the elderly according to the age. This study consisted of elder male(n=48) and elder female(n=58). The average age of male elder and female elder was 73.81, 73.05 years. The data were analyzed with t-test, using SPSSWIN 10.1 program. Body composition was measured using Inbody 3.0(seoul, korea) of segmental multifrequency impedance analyzer technique. The result of this study were the following : 1. The difference of body composition according to the age 1) The MV(Muscle Volume)of male elder was significant difference among group(p<.05). The MV of female elder was very significant difference among group(p<.01). 2) The %FAT of male elder and female elder was no significant difference among group. 3) The FFM(Free Fat Mass)of male elder was significant difference among group(p<.05). The FFM of female elder was very significant difference among group(p<.01). 4) The TBW(Total Body Water)of male elder was significant difference among group(p<.05) The TBW of female elder was very significant difference among group(p<.01). 5) The WHR(Waist to Hip Ratio)of male elder was significant difference among group(p<.05). The WHR of female elder was very significant difference among group(p<.01).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with meaning in life among elderly female community dwellers aged 65 or older who were living alone. Methods: A quota sample of 222 elderly female living alone was recruited. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Welch's test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The factors associated with meaning in life included age, education level, perceived economic status, perceived health status, social support, and loneliness. This regression model explained 66% of the variance in meaning in life. Conclusion: Based on the results, comprehensive nursing intervention programs for enhancing meaning in life are required.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.365-378
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• 2022

본 연구는 여성 고령자의 주관적 계층의식이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 생활 수준 기대감과 우울의 다중매개 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국고용정보원의 '2018 고령화 연구패널 조사 7차' 자료의 55세 이상 여성 고령자 8,070명을 대상으로 SPSS Process Macro를 사용하여 분석을 시행하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 여성 고령자의 주관적 계층의식이 높을수록 삶의 질이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여성 고령자의 주관적 계층의식이 높을수록 생활 수준 기대감은 높고, 우울감은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 여성 고령자의 주관적 계층의식과 삶의 질과의 관계에서 생활 수준 기대감과 우울을 동시적으로 회귀식에 투입하였을 때, 두 변수 모두 유의미한 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 여성 고령자의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 실천적 및 정책적 함의를 함께 논의하였다.