• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1478-1486
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• 2014

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary fermented by-product of mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, (FBPM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer in juvenile Amur catfish, Silurus asotus. A total number of 225 fish averaging $5.7{\pm}0.1g$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) were fed one of the five experimental diets formulated to replace FM with FBPM at 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% ($FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$, $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$, and $FBPM_{30}$, respectively). At the end of eight weeks of the experiment, average weight gain (WG) of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in WG among the fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_5$ or $FBPM_{10}$, and between fish fed $FBPM_{10}$ or $FBPM_{20}$, and also between those fed $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets. Lysozyme activity of fish fed $FBPM_0$ or $FBPM_5$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_{10}$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). The chemiluminescent response of fish fed $FBPM_5$ was significantly higher than those of fish fed $FBPM_0$, $FBPM_{20}$ or $FBPM_{30}$ diets (p<0.05). Broken line regression analysis of WG suggested that the maximal dietary inclusion level for FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% without any adverse effects on whole body composition and on serological characteristics. Therefore, these results may indicate that the maximal dietary inclusion level of FBPM as a FM replacer could be 6.3% in juvenile Amur catfish.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2004

This research sought to determine the status of the installation and operation of domestic public resource-making facilities of resource-making facilities and come up with corresponding improvement measures. Currently compost is most numerous set-up out of facilties already established ever since, then the rest of them are feeds, anaerobic degradation, sewage combination, and combination of compost and feeds in order. As such, food waste is processed more into compost than into feeds, presumably because relevant facilities, which were originally designed for processing into feeds, were converted into composting facilities due to little demand for the processed feeds. The finding says that many related firms had yet to register their businesses in accordance with feeds and fertilizers management laws, and that food waste resources-making facilities used various basic facilities but few of them treated food waste in linkage with leaching water, bad odors, and energy. Some of current facilities were found to be 7 years old and thus outdated. Due to lack of skilled operational manpower, many facilities had less than 300 days of normal operation yearly, and some needed minor and serious repairs periodically. In overall facilities, 87% of the planned food waste was rolled in, thus requiring measures to treat the whole planned volume. For costs of resource-making facilities, some with a capacity of below 50 tons topped 100 million won, and facilities with a capacity of over 50 tons required less installation costs. Overall, installation costs ranged from 10 million to 20 million, and to 200 million won per ton, and this suggests a need to establish the installation cost calculation criteria, as well as to reshape the facility criteria. With operating costs varying greatly according to the size and treatment methods of facilities, the finding indicates a need to rationalize the operating costs, and to plan appropriate-size installation and operation of facilities to ensure economic operation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.873-879
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• 2003

The study was conducted to improve the nutritive value of defatted rice polishing (DRP). DRP was treated with various concentrations of HCl, NaOH, $H_2O_2$ and Kemzyme-H $F^{(R)} and the effect on its chemical composition and nutritive value in broiler chicks was observed. The treatments levels of 0.4 N HCl, 0.2 N NaOH and 6% $H_2O_2$ were selected from many concentrations of HCl, NaOH and $H_2O_2$ tried earlier on DRP. The selection was made on the basis of release of nutrients from DRP. The Kemzyme-H $F^{(R)} was used at rate of 0.1% of DRP. The selected concentrations of HCl, NaOH, and $H_2O_2$ were then used for treatment of DRP that was used in biological experiments. Two hundred and forty, day-old Hubbard male broiler chicks (38-40 g) were randomly divided into 48 experimental units with five chicks each. Each chemically treated DRP was incorporated into broiler diets at 10, 20 or 30% levels replacing yellow corn from the control feed and thus sixteen experimental feeds were prepared. These feeds were randomly assigned to 48 experimental units such that there were three replicates of chicks on each diet. The results of the study suggest that DRP can be effectively used in broiler diets at 20% level. The best weight gain and feed conversion ratio were observed with diet containing 20% level of DRP treated with 6% $H_2O_2$. The diets containing 30% levels of treated DRP were uneconomical, as excess use of oil was required to compensate the energy needs of the birds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2012

This study was conducted to re-evaluate the dietary vitamin C requirement in juvenile eel, Anguilla japonica by using L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AMP) as the vitamin C source. Five semi-purified experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 ($AMP_0$), 30 ($AMP_{24}$), 60 ($AMP_{52}$), 120 ($AMP_{108}$) and 1,200 ($AMP_{1137}$) mg AMP $kg^{-1}$ diet on a dry matter basis. Casein and defatted fish meal were used as the main protein sources in the semi-purified experimental diets. After a 4-week conditioning period, fish initially averaging $15{\pm}0.3$ g (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed to each aquarium as triplicate groups of 20 fish each. One of five experimental diets was fed on a DM basis to fish in three randomly selected aquaria, at a rate of 3% of total body weight, twice a day. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) for fish fed $AMP_{52}$ and $AMP_{108}$ were significantly higher than those recorded for fish fed the control diet (p<0.05). Similarly, feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for fish fed $AMP_{52}$ were significantly higher than those for fish fed the control diet (p<0.05). Broken-line regression analysis on the basis of WG, SGR, FE and PER showed dietary vitamin C requirements of juvenile eel to be 41.1, 41.2, 43.9 and 43.1 (mg $kg^{-1}$ diet), respectively. These results indicated that the dietary vitamin C requirement could range from 41.1 to 43.9 mg $kg^{-1}$ diet in juvenile eel when L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate was used as the dietary source of vitamin C.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2006

This study investigated the quality characteristics of meat from goat fed fermented grape feeds including chemical composition, physical and sensory properties. The hardness of the goat meat was decreased by feeding fermented grape diets, but no significant difference in the pH was observed between control group and fermented grape diet-fed group. Major minerals in goat meat were shown to be Ca, Na, K and Mg and total amino acid content was the highest in a group fed $20\%$ fermented grape-containing diet (T2) among experimental groups. Major fatty acids in goat meat were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid while the content of oleic acid in meat was significantly increased in the group fed fermented grape diet. By increasing the amount of fermented grape in goat diet, L (lightness), a (redness) and b (yellowness) color parameters of goat meat were increased. From the sensory test, the meat from goat fed $30\%$ fermented grape-containing diet (T3) was evaluated the best, with higher overall acceptability of meat at higher content of fermented grape in goat feeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.393-400
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• 2006

The present study was conducted to evaluate feeding value of brown rice in Korean native beef steers (Hanwoo) fed concentrates and orchardgrass hay (50:50 on a wet basis) as a basal diet. Either 50% or 100% of corn in concentrates was substituted for brown rice, and ruminal fermentation characteristics, in situ degradability of feeds and in vivo digestibility of concentrate were investigated. The digestibility and nutritive values of corn and brown rice feeds were similar, whereas rumen degradability of brown rice was higher than that of corn. Compared with corn-based diets, the brown rice substitution decreased (P<0.05) ruminal NH3-N concentration, but did not affect rumen pH. Total volatile fatty acid content in ruminal digesta for the corn based diet was higher than those for the brown rice-contained diets. The brown rice substitution increased (P<0.05) the ratio of ruminal acetic acid to propionic acid (A/P) compared with corn-contained diets.Present results indicate that corn might nutritionally be substituted for brown rice as cattle feeds. In addition, we expect that relatively high A/P with brown rice may produce affirmative effects in rumen physiological aspect, particularly under the grain based feeding system for beef cattle in Korea.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2005

A 16-week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio, mg/kcal) in juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Six experimental diets were formulated with three energy levels and two protein levels at each energy level. Three energy levels of 3800, 4150 and 4500 kcal per kg diets were included at 45 and 50% crude protein (CP) levels, respectively $(_{120}P_{45},\;_{110}P_{45},\;_{100}P_{45},\;_{130}P_{50},\;_{120}P_{50},\;and\;_{110}P_{50})$. After four weeks of the conditioning period, fish initially averaging $15.0{\pm}3g\;(means{\pm}SD)$ were randomly distributed into each tank as groups of 20 fish. Each diet was fed to fish in three randomly selected tanks at a rate of $2{\sim}3%$ wet body weight per day in the recirculated system. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed diet $_{100}P_{45}$ were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. WG of fish fed diet $_{120}P_{50}$ was also significantly higher than those of fish fed diets $_{130}P_{50}$ and $_{110}P_{50}$. Feed efficiency ratio of fish fed diets $_{100}P_{45}$ and $_{110}P_{45}$ were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed other diets. These results suggest that the optimum P/E ratio may be 100 mg/kcal with 45% protein diets, and 120 mg/Kcal 50% protein diets for the maximum growth of juvenile Japanese eel under the experimental condition.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.81 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the Republic of Korea and cancer death accounts for 27.8% of the total deaths, which is not only a social issue but also a concern for the public. Among the cancer death rates, lung cancer mortality account for 34 deaths per 100,000 populations, making it the number one cancer death rate. In a preliminary report on cancer death in 2012, the lung cancer mortality ratio showed the regional variation indicating that there were differences in the qualitative level and the structure among the medical care benefit agency and in the assessment of the treatment process. Therefore, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) had begun evaluation of the assessment of lung cancer treatment since 2014 to improve the quality of lung cancer care through evaluation and feeds back the results of lung cancer care process. In this report, authors described the current Indicators for the lung cancer adequacy assessment proposed by HIRA and results of the evaluation reported in 2017.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.220-230
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• 2023

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used for insect control in a variety of crops. The evaluation of imidacloprid total residues in animal feeds derived from crop by-products is required to ensure the safety of livestock products. We performed simultaneous LC/MS/MS analyses of imidacloprid and its metabolites in five different livestock products including beef, pork, chicken, milk and egg from domestic markets. The methods for sample preparation and instrumental analysis were established by modifying QuEChERS method to meet the Codex guidelines. The methods generated 0.0035 mg/kg of the limit of determination (LOD), 0.01 mg/kg of the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and standard calibration linearity with >0.983 of the coefficients of determination (R²). The methods exhibited the recovery values of imidacloprid and its metabolites ranging from 65.66 to 119.27% without any interference between matrices. Imidacloprid total residues in the livestock products were found as values lower than the LOQ and maximum residue limits (MRLs). This study suggests that the methods are successfully applicable for the safety evaluation of imidacloprid total residues in livestock products from domestic markets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1268-1268
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• 2001

The availability of in vivo and in sacco degradability values are limited because those methods require work with fistulated animals and are rather complicated, labour intensive and expensive. That is to say, the dynamics and logistics of the methodology result in considerable work, due to limitations on the amount of samples, number of bags that can be placed in an animal and different time intervals to perform kinetic studies. Therefore, a simpler method is necessary to estimate the degradation characteristics of the feed. In this way, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has been used to predict degradation characteristics of forages. In other hand, the possibility of achieving successful transfer of spectra and equations between instruments is closely related. The objective of this study was to confirm the potential of NIR to optimize work conditions to avoid duplicated efforts in collaborative trials on animal feeds evaluation between research institutions. For this purpose, one set with forty hays and dehydrated forages samples from SERIDA and ten samples with the same characteristics from SIA, were be used to create a spectral database. A calibration was developed using samples from degradation essays made in SERIDA to predict dry matter and crude protein degradability. With the addition of five samples from SIA in original calibration set, the effect of different origin and location was compensated.