• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1974

애멸구에 대한 통일벼의 저항성기작을 조사하기 위해 저항성 대조품종 ASD-7과 Vellailangalayan, 감수성 대조품종 진흥을 공시하여 식이선호성(Feeding preference), 저충성(Antibiosis), 및 이충성(Tolerance)을 검토하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 통일벼는 애멸구에 대하여 저항성반응을 보이나 저항성 대조품종 ASD-7과 Vellailangalayan에 비하여 식이선호성이 현저히 높았고 감수성 대조품종 진흥에 비해서는 좀 낮은 식이선호성을 보였다. 2. 통일벼는 ASD-7과 Vellailangalayan에 비하여 높은 애멸구의 우화율과 낮은 유충의 사충율을 보였다. 통일벼, 유묘에 1영기 유충접종에서는 $56.1\%$, 2령기 유충접종에서는 $70.0\%$의 우화율을 보인데 반하여 저항성 대조품종 ASD-7에서는 $12.2\%$와 $25.9\%$, Vellailangalyan에서는 $14.7\%$와 $13.3\%$의 우화율을 보였으며 감수성 대조품종에서는 $68.8\%$와 $75.9\%$의 우화율을 나타내었다. 3. 애멸구 밀도에 따른 통일벼 유묘의 반응은 묘당 10마리 접종 15일부터 감수성반응을 보이기 시작한데 반하여 ASD-7은 당묘 30마리 접종 15일부터 중간 내지 감수성반응을 보였고, Vellailangalayan은 묘당 20마리 접종 20일부터 감수성반응이 나타났다. 감수성대조품종 진흥은 묘당 10마리 접종 15일부터 감수성반응을 나타내었으며 통일벼와 큰 차이가 없었다. 4. 통일벼 단독검정에서는 그 반응이 진흥과 대차가 없으나 다른 품종과 함께 동시 대량검정을 하였을 때는 저항성반응을 보이는 것은 감수성 대조품종 진흥에 비하여 식이선호성이 낮고 약간의 이충성(Tolerance)을 지니고 있기 때문이라 추측된다. 5. 이상의 결과로 보아 통일벼는 항충성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1969

Ten experimental tuna long line fishing operations were performed with the long lines A and B, in combination casting orders of BA and AB. The long line B differs from A in its additional main line length per basket and its greater depth of submersion (Table 1). The BA casting order results in an AB hauling order, so that the long line B is casted at an earlier time of a day and fishes for a longer period than A line (fig. 2). The number of fish caught was divided into subclasses in order to be subjected to $x^2-tests$ (Table 2). The first series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated using the hooking rates of two subclasses with other factors pooled (Table 3). The second series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated to obtain the interactions between two subclasses when other factors differed (Table 4). Attention was paid to the extremely small interactions as well as to the large interactions in order to find out whether a factor functions in the same way or in a contradictory way when the other factors involved differ. The test result is summarized in Table 5. The relationship between the hook casting time (relative to the sunrise time) and the hooking rates reveals the feeding behavior of particular species (fig. 3) A high hooking rate for yellowfin tuna shown in the period from one hour before sunrise to the moment of sunrise suggests that they feed actively in that period. Their poor hooking rate on earlier casted hooks suggests that they do not feed well under conditions of darkness and that they feed best while the hooks are sinking. Furthermore it is likely that yellowfin tuna maintain a shallow depth in the daytime, for the $x^2$ interaction between the line casting order BA and AB shows their persistant preferance of the long line A regardless of line casting order. Bigeye tuna show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness, and show a preference for the sea's deeper layer. Alepisaurus borealis (Gill) show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness more significantly than the bigeye tuna and their preferance for deep layers is also more significant. Marlins (mainly Makaria mazara) show a feeding behavior which is similar to the yellowfin tuna. The author emphasizes that certain variations of the hooking rates in relation to the line easting time were caused by an inadequate fishing depth as well as by the fish preference for a particular feeding time. When the part of the line casted in pre-dawn hours and hauled in the pre-sunset hours show a significantly lower hooking rate than other parts of the line, then it is concluded that tile hooks settled in a sea layer too deep for feeding.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1981

수도 주요해충 벼멸구의 내충성품종선별방법을 개발하기 위하여 방사성동위원소 P-32를 이용한 섭식량과 식이선호성과의 관계를 조사중 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 식이선호에 의한 벼멸구의 선호도와 P-32 섭식량간에는 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 2. $ 2\~3$엽기 수도유묘를 표식할 때는 P-32의 비방사능이 $0.1{\mu}Ci/cc$가 되게 하고 처리방법은 근부를 24시간 이상 침적시킨 후 공시충은 48시간 흡즙시키는 것이 품종간차이를 비교하기 용역하였다. 3. 내충성 검정시 공시충은 성충을 이용하고 웅충보다 자충을 이용하는 것이 흡즙량의 차이가 커서 비교하기가 편리하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

The need for insect and mite resistant turfgrass cultivars arose because of problems associated with pesticide use. Representative cultivars and genotypes of 18 warm-season turfgrass [Zoysia japonica Steud., Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybrids, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifotia hybrids, Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., C. dactylon${\times}$C. transvallensis hybrids, Paspalum notatum Flugge., P. vaginatum Swartz., Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) and Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] and 20 cool-season turfgrasses [Poa pratensis L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L., F. rubra var. commutata Gaud., F. ovina var. duriuscula L. Koch. Agrostis tenuis Sibth., A. palustris Huds., and Latium perenne L.] were evaluated for host resistance to feeding by the Spodoptera depravata (Butler) in the laboratory. Two experiments were set up in the laboratory using 8.5cm diameter${\times}$4.0cm deep plastic petri dishes as larvae feeding chambers. In experiment 1, one neonate larvae were place on the grass in each dish and the dishes were arranged with 5 replicates each within an environmental chamber maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 15h light: 9h dark Larval survival and larval weights at 7d and 14d, pupal weights, and days to pupation were compared among turfgrasses. In Experiment 2, 4cm sections of all grasses were oriented equidistant from each other in a pattern resembling the spokes of a wheel. Five one neonate larvae were introduced to the center of each dish. Dishes were immediately placed in an environmental chamber held at $25^{\circ}C$, 15h light: 9h dark Larvae were allowed to feed for 24h. Damage was rated from 0(no damage) to 9(completely consumed) were made for eachturfgrass. Resistance as antibiosis (high mortality, slowed growth, and least preference) was identified in Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifolia hybirids ‘Emerald’, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybirds ‘Miyako’ and Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.). Cool-season turfgrasses tested were susceptible to feeding by Spodoptera depravata (Butler).

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1970

Studies on the feeding and resting behavior of Culex pipiens pallens, a possible vector of Japanese encephalitis in Korea, was carried out at Kobu-Ri, Kobu-Myon, Chongup Kun. Cholla Pukdo in 1967. 1. Indoor and outdoor human biting collections showed that 47.3 per cent Culex pipiens pallens were collected indoors and 52.7 per cent outdoors. 2.Feeding occurred throughout the night from dusk to dawn, with the peak period from 23:00-24:00 hours outside the house and from 24:00-01:00 hours inside. 3. Culex pipiens pallens females preferred man for their blood feeding to domestic animals. The results of human and cow biting collections showed that the feeding ratio between man and cow was 2.1 to 1. As to the feeding preference to the domestic animals, the ratio among cow, pig and horse was 7.3 to 5.1 to 5.4 4. Daytime resting collections showed that large numbers of Culex pipiens pallens females rest inside the house, especially in the bed room and the chicken pen. As temperatures increased, fewer mosquitoes resting indoors and more mosquitoes rest ing outdoors were caught. By means of sweep-net collections at outdoors resting places, a small number of Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes were caught in such places as grass fields, vegetable fields, barley fields, bean fields, culverts, bomb shelters, and so on. A comparison between number of mosquitoes collected resting during the day in bedrooms and verandahs with resting collections in the same places at night showed that more mosquitoes were present at night. It was observed that the majority of the unfed females rested before feeding at night.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.138-152
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• 1995

The condition of nutrition during infancy will greatly affect infants' physical, emotional growth, especially breast feeding is important in their growth and development, and emotional stability, too. Despite such advantages of breast-feeding, its rate has continued to fall year after year in Korea : the 95% rate in 1960's has fallen to 25.4% in 1990. It is known that such a downfall of breast-feeding rate is associated with various factors. The purpose of the study is to examine mother's and nurses' in nursery perception of the impediment factors of breast-feeding : to compare those between of breast-feeding : to compare those between two groups : to provide fundamental data for developing strategies for increasing breast-feeding. The subjects were 45 new mothers from one hospital and the same number of nurses sampled from 3 university hospitals, in Seoul. The data were collected for 11 days from April 12 to April 23, 1994 and a questionnaire was developed based on the interview with 14 nurses and 10 mothers and the literature reviews. Liker's Five-Point Scale was used as measurement. The Data were analyzed using SPSS / PC and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) Most new mothers get the information about breast-feeding from their mothers, books or newspaper, and relatives in rank than professionals(nurses or doctors). 2) The impediment factors the breast-feeding are categorized as mothers, hospital system, medical personnels and social factors. The most frequently mentioned impediment factors from mothers are 'Difficulty by operational wounds'(3.13), 'Lack of will for breast-feeding'(3.47), 'Insufficient rest and sleep'(3.52) and 'Opposition from husband or his family members'(4.77)in rank. On the other hand those factors from nurses are 'Inadequate nipple condition'(2.37), 'Decreasing milk secretion given medicine after operation'(2.63), 'Mothers knowledge deficit by poorly prepared education'(2.79) and 'Mothers abhorance of breast-feeing'(3.87) in rank. 3) As for the hospital system, the highly perceived impediment factors by mothers are 'Seperation of baby from mother after birth'(2.78), 'Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital'(2.93), 'Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding'(3.18) and 'Because of babys' preference artificial nipple by being accustomed to it in hospital(3.97), in rank. Meanwhile, those from nurses are "Seperation of baby from mother after birth",(1.92), "Inconsistency between hospital's nursing time and mother's breast secretion time" scretion time(2.97), "Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital"(3.39), and "Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding"(3.74) 4) As for the medical personnels, the highestly perceived Impediment factor from mothers in "Lack of professional nurses for breast-feeding"(2.96), and the lowestly perceived one is "Doctors' reluctance"(4.75). Nurses perceived same as mothers, too. 5) As for the social factors, the highestly perceived impediment factor by mothers and nurses is "Inconvience of social activities"(2.83) and the lowestly ones are "The sense of self-sacrifice"(4.22) by mothers, and "The sense of old fashioned"(4.13) by nurses. 6) The difference of the perception of impediment factors between mothers and nurses is statistically significant only in mother factor.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 1994

This study was conducted to survey on utilisation of pan-fried food items questioning by dietitians from 40 foodservice establishments in Pusan. The results of this study are summarized as folIows. 1. Feeding numbers among the type of the foodservice centers were varied widley from 90-3200 and the number of foodservice personnels were insufficient when comparing with the feeding numbers. Also, it was shown that most of surveyed institutions managed by conventional foodservice system 2. 52.5% of requirements answered that they served pan-fried food items three times a month, and they were inconvenient food items because of their complecated cooking method(100%). But the preference of that was high(57.5%) 3. Equipped rate was very poor and proper equipments were not provided to prepare pan-fried foods effectively.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1974

IRRI에서 선발된 Indica형 벼, IR 667계통에서 유내한 벼 및 Japonica형 국내장려품종을 공시하여 애멸구에 대한 저항성정도를 검정하고 나아가 내충성 기작으로 간주되는 식이선호성, 산란선호성 및 항충성(Antibiosis)을 시험하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다 1. IRRI에서 선발된 19개 Indica형 벼품종 중 저항성반응을 보인 것은 H 105, Muthumanikam, Vellailangalayan, Karsamba Red ASD-7, Manavari Co 22, Mudgo, PTB-18, IR-18 및 IR 20 등 9개 품종이었고 TKM-6은 중도저항성(MR)이었으며 그밖에 것은 모다 감수성으로 나타났다. 국내재료중 IR 667에서 유래한 벼는 저항성반응을 보였으나 Japonica형 5개 장려품종은 모두 감수성반응을 나타내었다. 2. 저항성품종 ASD-7과 감수성품종 Jinheung(진흥)에 대한 식이선호성은 감수성품종에서 높고 저항성품종에서 낮았는데 접종 72특간후 Jinheung과 ASD-7 두 품종에 대한 선호율은 각각 $88.6\%$와 $11.4\%$이었다. 3. 저항성품종 ASD-7과 감수성품종 Jinheung에 대한 산난선호성은 식이선호성과는 달러 저항성품종에서 높고 감수성품종에서 비교적 낮았는데 두 품종에 대한 산난비율은 저항성품종에서 $58.6\%$, 감수성품종에서 $41.4\%$이었다. 4. 저항성품종에서는 약충의 사충율이 높았고 우화율이 낮았으며 반대로감수성품종에서는 약충의 사충율이 ?았고 우화율이 비교적 높았다.저항성반응을 보인 품종종에서도 IRRI 선발품종들은 $84\%$ 이상의 사충율을 보였으나 IR 667에서 유래한 Suweon 213-1(통일품종)은 $48\%$ Suweon 214$62\%$의 비교적 낮은 사충율을 보여 저항성품종이라도 항충성정도에 차이가 있었다. 5. 이상의 결과로 보아 애멸구에 대한 저항성품종은 Indica형 벼 품종에서 상당수를 찾아 볼 수 있었으며 그들 저항성품종의 내충성 기작은 우선 비식이선호성(Non-feeding preference)과 항충성이 관계하고 산란선호성은 관계하고 있지 않은 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2015

북방종개 Iksookimia pacifica의 생태적 특성을 밝히기 위하여 강원도 고성군 북천에서 서식지 특성 및 섭식생태를 조사하였다. 북방종개는 하천형이 Bb 또는 Bc형이고 유속이 느리고 모래가 쌓인 소에 주로 서식하고 있었다. 연령별 서식지 선호도를 조사한 결과, 하상은 모두 모래를 동일하였으나 수심과 유속에서는 차이를 보였다. 수심은 당년생 (0+) $24.9{\pm}17.61cm$, 1년생 $69.6{\pm}30.32cm$, 2년생 $82.4{\pm}33.30cm$, 3년생 이상 $90.0{\pm}31.55cm$로 급격히 깊어졌으며, 유속은 당년생과 1년생이 3.8~4.0 cm/sec, 2년생과 3년생 이상이 6.0~7.3 cm/sec로 약간 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 3월부터 11월까지 모래위에서 활동하였으나 12월부터 2월까지 모래 속에서 월동하였으며, 주요 활동시간은 12시부터 24시까지로 활발한 활동과 많은 섭식량을 보였다. 먹이생물을 상대중요성지수 (IRI)로 분석한 결과 깔다구과 (Chironomidae)가 76.7%, 먹파리과 (Simuliidae) 10.3%, 윤충강 (Rotatoria) 7.3%, 꽃병벌레과 (Arcellidae) 2.2% 등의 순으로 중요한 먹이생물이었다. 당년생 치어 (전장 20~40 mm)는 크기가 작은 윤충강과 꽃병벌레과를 많이 섭식하였으나 이후 연령이 높아지면서 이들의 비율은 적어지고 비교적 크기가 큰 깔다구과와 먹파리과를 주로 섭식하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.886-894
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• 2012

Well-designed housing systems are important from the viewpoint of animal welfare and improvement of meat production. In this study, we investigated the effects of outdoor housing of pigs on their behavior, cortisol levels, and meat characteristics. Two groups that were born and raised in a spacious outdoor pen ($4{\times}10$ m for every two sows) or a minimum-sized standard pen in a piggery ($1.9{\times}2.2$ m for every sow) were studied. When their behaviors at the age of 2 to 3 wk were observed, the number of rooting episodes tended to be larger (p = 0.0509) and the total time of rooting tended to be longer (p = 0.0640) in the outdoor-housed piglets although the difference was not significant. Basal salivary cortisol levels of the outdoor piglets at the age of 4 wk were significantly lower than those of the indoor piglets ($5.0{\pm}0.59$ ng/ml vs. $11.6{\pm}0.91$ ng/ml, 30 min after treatment), although their plasma cortisol levels were similar ($53.3{\pm}3.54$ ng/ml vs. $59.9{\pm}4.84$ ng/ml, 30 min after treatment). When the ears were pierced at weaning, plasma and salivary cortisol levels were increased in both groups, even at 15 min after piercing. However, the increase in the outdoor-housed group was significantly less than that in the indoor-housed group. Throughout their lives, body weight and daily gain of the pigs were not significantly different between the two groups. In a meat taste preference test taken by 20 panelists, saltiness, flavor, and color of the outdoor-housed pork were found to be more acceptable. Moreover, when an electronic taste-sensing device was utilized, the C00 and CPA-C00 outputs ($3.78{\pm}0.07$ and $-0.20{\pm}0.023$), which correspond to compounds of bitterness and smells, respectively, were significantly lower in the outdoor-housed pork ($5.03{\pm}0.16$ and $-0.13{\pm}0.009$). Our results demonstrate that the outdoor housing system for piglets induces natural behaviors such as rooting and suppresses the strongest stress reaction of piglets, which could be important for animal welfare. Moreover, the outdoor housing system might change muscle characteristics and improve pork bitterness, flavor, and color. These changes may be preferred by consumers, increasing the sale of these meats.