• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2005

평균체중 280 g의 넙치를 대상으로 탄수화물, 단백질 및 지질 함량이 다른 3종류의 EP사료(HC, HP및 HL)를 제조하여, 사료 공급율과 공급휫수를 달리하여 영양소 소화율을 조사하였다. 사료의 공급율에 따른 실험(실험 1)은 파 사료별로 1일 1회 만복 공급구와 만복의 80% 공급구로 설정하였다. 사료 공급횟수에 따른 실험(실험 2)에서는 사료의 공급휫수를 각 사료마다 2일 1회, 1일 1회, 1일 2회 및 1일 3회로 설정하였다. 사료 공급율을 달리한 실험 1에서 넙치의 건물, 단백질, 지질, 에너지 및 NFE 소화율은 사료 조성과 공급율에 영향을 받지 않았다. (P>0.05).사료 공급횟수를 달리한 실험 2리 건물 소화율은 동일한 공급횟수에서 HP 공급구가 HC와 HL 공급구와 비교하여 높은 소화율을 보였다. 단백질 소화율은 사료 조성에 영향을 받아 HP 공급구가 수치상으로 높은 값을 보였으나 실험구간에 유의차는 없었다(P>0.05).지질 소화율은 사료 공급횟수에 영향을 받아 1일 2회와 3회 공급구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. NFE 소화율은 사료 조성과 공급횟수에 경향을 받았으며, 동일한 공급횟수에서 1일 3회 공급구를 제외한 실험 구에서 HP 공급구의 소화율이 높은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 동일한 사료에서는 2일 1회에서 1일 2회까지 공급횟수가 증가하면서 NFE 소화율이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 에너지 소화율은 동일한 공급 횟수에서 1일 1회 공급구를 제외하고 HP를 공급한 실험구가 다른 실험구에 비해 높았고, HP 공급구들 간에는 사료공급횟수에 영향을 받지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2000

An experiment was carried out to study plasma levels of hormones and metabolites of crossbred Holstein cattle during late pregnancy (28 days pre partum), early lactation (30 days post partum), mid-lactation (120 days post partum) and late lactation (210 days post partum). Two breed types of Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (50:50 = 50%HF) and Holstein $Friesian{\times}Red$ Sindhi (87.5:12.5 = 87.5%HF) were divided into four groups of four animals each. Two groups of each breed were fed with either rice straw treated with 5% urea or pangola hay (Digitaria decumbens) as the source of roughage throughout the experiments. There were a substantial increases in the mean levels of total triiodothyronine ($T_3$), insulin and glucagon at the onset of lactation, and maintained in a high levels during lactation advance for all groups of experiments. The mean levels of prolactin and thyroxine ($T_4$) were not significantly different among groups of animals, but the plasma cortisol concentration was slightly higher in both groups of 50%HF in comparison with those of 87.5%HF animals. The mean levels of plasma growth hormone (GH) of both groups of 87.5%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw markedly rose in the early period of lactation and markedly reduced in mid- and late lactation. These changes were accompanied with changes of milk yield. In contrast to 50%HF animals, plasma GH levels were considerably higher in the late pregnant period than in the early period of lactation and it remained constant as its value at the early lactation throughout the experimental period. The high levels of both plasma progesterone and estradiol concentration significantly declined after parturition and remained low through lactating period. The plasma glucose level in the 50%HF animals feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw was higher than the 87.5%HF animals in all periods of experiments. Changes in plasma FFA levels of both types of crossbred animals were depended on the endocrine status during late pregnancy and lactation. The levels of plasma FFA of 50%HF animals were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of 87.5%HF animals during late pregnancy. Both plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate concentrations were not affected by feeding on either hay or urea treated rice straw during late pregnancy and lactation. These data demonstrate that there were no differences in the physiological performances in the same crossbred animals fed either hay or urea treated rice straw. The 87.5%HF animal has the genetic potential for a high milk yield and homeorhetic adaptation for mammary function differed from 50%HF animals during periods of lactation. Altering lactation persistency in 87.5%HF is regulated mainly by chronically acting growth hormones through the period of lactation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.431-443
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nobiletin (NOB), a citrus flavonoid, is reported to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic health. However, there is limited research investigating the effect of long-term supplementation with low-dose NOB on high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hypercholesterolemia and non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, we investigated the influence of NOB on hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD in HCD-fed mice. SUBJECTS/METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or HCD (35 kcal% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid) with or without NOB (0.02%) for 20 weeks. RESULTS: HCD feeding markedly reduced the final body weight compared to ND feeding, with no apparent energy intake differences. NOB supplementation suppressed HCD-induced weight loss without altering energy intake. Moreover, NOB significantly decreased the total cholesterol (TC) levels and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/very-LDL-cholesterol to TC ratio, and increased the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/TC ratio in plasma, compared to those for HCD feeding alone. The plasma levels of inflammatory and atherosclerosis markers (C-reactive protein, oxidized LDL, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were significantly lower, whereas those of anti-atherogenic adiponectin and paraoxonase were higher in the NOB-supplemented group than in the HCD control group. Furthermore, NOB significantly decreased liver weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and lipid droplet accumulation by inhibiting messenger RNA expression of hepatic genes and activity levels of cholesterol synthesis-, esterification-, and fatty acid synthesis-associated enzymes, concomitantly enhancing fatty acid oxidation-related gene expression and enzyme activities. Dietary NOB supplementation may protect against hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD via regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in HCD-fed mice; these effects are associated with the amelioration of inflammation and reductions in the levels of atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular markers. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that NOB may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCD-induced hypercholesterolemia and NAFLD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1291-1296
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• 2003

Effects of feeding of 9.95 mg free gossypol/kg live weight through cottonseed meal (CSM) were studied in 20 intact male calves fed barley or sorghum as source of cereal during the experimental duration of 210 days. Serum concentration of total protein, albumin, globulin and their ratio did not vary because of protein (gossypol) or cereal sources. Serum level of cholesterol and urea were lower (p<0.05) in sorghum than barley fed calves. Feeding of gossypol through CSM enhanced (p<0.05) serum cholesterol. An interaction between protein and period was observed with respect to serum concentrations of urea, creatinine and alanine transferase. The levels of serum creatinine and alanine transferase increased (p<0.05) following 120 days of experimental feeding in calves fed CSM diets compared to the control animals fed groundnut meal diets. No effect of feeding gossypol was, however, evident on the serum enzymes viz. alanine and aspartate transferases and alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, the source of cereal and protein did not appear to influence the metabolic profile of the calves. Humoral immune response, measured through antibody titre against Brucella abortus S99 innoculation, revealed a delayed and depressed seroreactivity indicative of immunocompromisation because of the phytotoxin gossypol. In conclusion, the feeding of gossypol at the designated levels, although had no deleterious clinico-biochemical manifestations, affected the humoral immune response of the calves.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.517-535
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• 2022

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding alfalfa: Concentrate at different ratios (8:2 or 2:8) to Korean native black goats (KNBG) for 90 days on meat quality and bioactive compound content. Feeding KNBG alfalfa and concentrate at different ratios did not impact meat pH, color, microorganism composition, volatile basic nitrogen levels, or lipid oxidation. The low alfalfa (KLA) group exhibited increased oleic acid and monosaturated fatty acid levels, both of which impact the palatability traits of meat. The abundance of bioactive compounds increased in the loin meat of the KLA group, leading to an increase in antioxidant activities. Our results suggest that feeding alfalfa and concentrate at a 2:8 ratio to KNBG can increase taste-related fatty acids and bioactive compounds in loin meat, relative to that achieved by feeding at an 8:2 ratio. Further investigation is required to evaluate the quality and the metabolites of bioactive compounds in KNBG meat and the effect of the different dietary ratios of forage and concentrate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.375-386
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the changes in energy substrates, glucose and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA), and fatty acid compositions in serum, following physiolgical stress in rats fed diets containing various fatty acids. Forty two Sprague-Dawley strain male rats, weighing 108$\pm$2.1g, were fed 3 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 105 fat(w/w) of either corn oil(CO;18:2 n6:57%), plant perilla oil(PO;18:3 n3:59%), or tuna fish oil(FO;20:5 n3:17%%, 22:6 n3:19%). After 4 weeks of feeding, each group wa subdiveided into (a) control, (b) 2 min swim in ice-cold water. Animals wer decapitated 20min after commencing the swim; trunk blood, brain, liver and epididymal fat pad were obtained. The levels of serum corticosterone, glucose, NEFA, triglyceride, fatty acid compositions, brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined. Basal levels of corticosterone na NEFA of serum were significantly lower in fish oil fed animals than those of any other oil fed animals. Compared to either perilla oil-fed or corn oil-fed rats, cold swim stress in fish oil fed rats produced significantly smaller NEFA and larger corticosterone responses. However, there was no significant difference in basal levels of serum glucose. Stress increased serum glucose levels slightly, and the amount of increment was larger in fish oil rats than those of any other oil fed rats than those of any other oil fed rats, although all the values were normal level. Dietary fats and stress did not affect serotonin metabolism. In additions, the composition of fatty acids in serum was significantly affected by the dietary compostion of fatty acids and stress. Stress induced decreases in monounsaturated fatty acid and non-polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in either perilla oil fed or fish group, but did not in corn oil fed group. Stress resulted in changes in fatty acid metabolism similar to that associated with essential fatty acid(EFA) dificiency, when feeding animals n-3 fatty acids in diet. In conclusion, feeding fish oil was more effective to decrease NEFA in serum than feeding perilla oil or corn oil and improved lipid metabolism, when the rats were maintained in normal or exposed to stressful environment. However, the fact that feeding diet containing n-3 fatty acids decreased EFA status under stress suggests that the requirement of n-6 PUFA should be increased in these groups.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.126-131
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of yellow and black soybeans on plasma and hepatic lipid composition and fecal lipid excretion in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were fed with diets containing 52% yellow soybean, 50% black soybean, or 20% casein for 7 weeks. Feeding efficiency was significantly increased in the animals fed soybeans(p<0.05). Plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered in the group fed yellow soybean compared with black soybean and casein-fed control (p<0.05). Hepatic triglyceride concentration was significantly lowered in soybean groups compared with casein-fed control(p<0.05), whereas hepatic cholesterol concentration was not affected by diet treatments. Soybean feeding significantly increased fecal weight, triglyceride and bile acid contents compared with casein feeding(p<0.05). It is concluded that soybean feeding in rats affects plasma and hepatic lipid levels by increasing the excretion of triglyceride and bile acids.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1988

A Study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding Lactobacillus casei YS on the growing performance and gastrointestinal flora of the suckling piglets, which were delivered from 2 heads of three-way crossbred(Landrace$\times$Large White$\times$Duroc) pigs, for 4 weeks. The results from the present study was summarized as follows. Average body weight gains of feeding group was slightly better than that of control group and diarrhea was prevented by successive 7 days feeding. Population levels of lactic acid bacteria were maintained about 107 colony forming unit(cfu) per gram of the contents in both feeding and control group at upper parts of small intestine. In this part, coliform count was greatly reduced in (ceding group but not in control group. pH values of the intestinal contents were gradually decreased especially at the upper part of alimentary track of feeding group. Among lactic acid bacteria, L. salivarius, L. cases and L. fermentum were found most predominant strains in feeding group, Wheareas L. salivarius, L. acidophilus and L. cunts in control group. In the other hand, Escherichia coli recovered from scouring pigs were resistant to the drug such as streptomycin, ampicillin and sensitive to gentamycin and neomycin in vitro test.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.166-176
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• 1996

Effect of fish oil feeding was investigated on morphological changes of thoracic aora in female rats after bilateral oophorectomy(OVX). Fifty four healthy female rats of Spraque-Dawley strain, were divided into sham group, OVX group and , OVX and fish oil feeding, group. Experimental animals were sacrificed at the end first, eighth week and sixteenth week after operation, thoracic aorta blood sample were collected. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents in serum were significantly higher in the sham and OVX groups than fish oil feeding group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels among three exjperimentnal group were lowest in the OVX group. 2) In the sham operation group, as experimental period prologed the endothelial cells were distorted round shape and enlarged, and the subendothelial layer was widened in tunical intima. The elastic lamina were disrupted in tunica group. In the fish oil feeding group, the endothelial cells and subendothelial layer in tunica intima, and the elastic lamina in tunica media were intance. From the present results, it was suggested that fish oil feeding may prevent the atherosclerotic changes in thoracic aorta and serum cholesterol induced by oophhorectomy in the rats.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2012

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate effect of three paprika levels (0%, 5% and 10%) with two lipid levels (4% and 10%) in diets on growth performance and skin coloration of red- and white-colored fancy carp, Cyprinus carpio var. koi. Two replicate groups (an average body weight of $4.3{\pm}0.2g$) of fish fed one of eight experimental diets for 8 weeks. Survival, weight gain and feed efficiency of the fish were not significantly affected by both dietary paprika and lipid levels (P>0.05). After 8 weeks feeding period, the values of $a^*$, $L^*$ and $b^*$ of fish skin were significantly changed by dietary paprika level (P<0.05) but not lipid level. The $a^*$ value of fish fed the diets containing paprika was higher than that of fish fed control diet (P<0.05). Additional inclusion of 50-100 ppm canthaxanthin in diets containing 5% and 10% paprika did not improve $a^*$ value of fish skin. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that dietary inclusion of 5% paprika powder could increase the redness of red- and white-colored fancy carp fingerling.