• Title/Summary/Keyword: Feeding activity

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Regional differences in winter activity of hibernating greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) from Korea

  • Kim, Sun-Sook;Choi, Yu-Seong;Yoo, Jeong-Chil
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2019
  • Background: Hibernating bats exhibit ubiquitous winter activity in temperate zones, but there is considerable between- and within-species variety in their intensity and purpose. Bats may fly during winter for sustenance or travel to other hibernacula. This study compared inter-regional variation in the winter activity of the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). We predicted that weather and hibernacula-environmental conditions would influence winter activity patterns. Results: Winter activity patterns differed between regions. In the Anseong area, we confirmed movement inside the hibernaculum, but in Hampyeong, we observed movement both inside and between hibernacula. The two regions differ by $4^{\circ}C$ in average winter temperatures. Anseong experiences 22 days during which average daily temperatures exceeded $5^{\circ}C$, whereas Hampyeong experienced 50 such days. During the hibernating period, bat body weight decreased by approximately 17-20% in both regions. Conclusions: Ambient temperatures and winter-roost environments appear to be behind regional differences in hibernating bat activity. As winter temperatures in Korea do not favor insect activity, feeding probability is low for bats. However, bats may need to access water. At Anseong, underground water flows inside the hibernaculum when the reservoir outside is frozen. At Hampyeong, the hibernaculum does not contain a water source, but the reservoir outside does not freeze during winter. In conclusion, water-source location is the most likely explanation for regional variation in the winter activity of hibernating bats.

Effect of Feeding Chemically Treated Mustard (Brassica campestris) Straw on Rumen Fibre Degrading Enzymes in Sheep

  • Vaithiyanathan, S.;Raghuvanshi, S.K.S.;Mishra, A.S.;Tripathi, M.K.;Misra, A.K.;Prasad, R.;Jakhmola, R.C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.1610-1613
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    • 2003
  • The aim of the experiment was to study the changes in the activities of various rumen fibre degrading enzymes due to the feeding of chemically treated mustard (Brassica campestris) straw in sheep. Mustard straw (MS) (<5 cm particle size) was treated either with urea (4% (w/w), or with 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (2% NaOH and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)) and/or supplemented with 2% (w/w) urea. Seven maintenance type rations were prepared using MS (70 parts) with molasses (5 parts) and concentrate (25 parts). They were untreated MS (CMS), urea treated MS (UMS), urea supplemented MS (MSUS), alkali treated MS (AMS), alkali treated and urea supplemented MS (AMS-US), alkali $H_2O_2$ treated MS (AHMS) and alkali $H_2O_2$ treated and urea supplemented MS (AHMS-US). They were then compressed into a complete feed block with the help of block making machine. Forty two male hoggets of Malpura breed sheep were equally distributed into each treatment group and (were) offered feed and water ad libitum. At the end of 21 days of feeding trial, rumen liquor was collected through stomach tube from three animals in each group at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h of post feeding. Results showed that the level of enzyme varied from 8.52 to 11.12, 40.85 to 50.37, 3.22 to 3.78, 2.09 to 2.77 and 31.44 to 44.24 units/100 ml SRL respectively for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), $\alpha$-amylase, microcrystalline cellulase (MCCase), filter paper (FP) degrading enzyme and $\alpha$-glucosidase. Processing of MS affected the enzyme activities, in a way, that NaOH and AHP treatment significantly reduced CMCase and FP degrading enzyme. The effect of urea treatment showed an increase in the activity of MCCase and $\alpha$-glucosidase. But the supplementation of urea increased the activity of CMCase, FP degrading enzyme and $\alpha$-glucosidase. The CMCase, $\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase activities were highest at 4hr whereas MCCase and FP degrading enzyme had maximum activities at 12 h post feeding Results suggested that MS might need longer time in the rumen for its effective degradation.

Feeding Habits of Korean Torrent Catfish, Liobagrus andersoni in a Tributary of the Namhan River, Korea (남한강 지류에 서식하는 퉁가리(Liobagrus andersoni)의 식성)

  • Yoon, Hee-Nam;Kim, Jong-Myung;Bae, Yang-Seop;Chae, Byung-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.236-245
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    • 2007
  • Feeding habits of Liobagrus andersoni were investigated in a tributary of the Namhan river from October 2005 to October 2006. L. andersoni was considered as an entirely bottom-feeding carnivore based on it's stomach contents. Because, the diet of L. andersoni was mainly aquatic insect such as Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera. The most important prey was Ephemeroptera species. Small sized individuals (<50 mm SL) fed mainly on small prey organisms such as Baetis. However, larger Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were heavily selected with increasing fish size. The relative proportion of food items was changed with season. The prey materials were more various at summer and autumn than winter. L. andersoni eaten Ephemeroptera intensively in spring and summer but eaten Trichoptera and Chironomidae in winter. Feeding activity of L. andersoni was started after sunset and was most active at midnight, but the activity was reduced after sunrise and during day period. So it was considered that L. andersoni was a nocturnal stalkers.

Effect of Dichrostachys cinerea (Linn.) Root Extract on Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Rats

  • Rao, G. Srinivasa;Jayakumari, S.
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.180-185
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    • 2007
  • Dichrostachys cinerea (Linn.) is commonly known as Vadatalla and used as phytotherapeutic agent. Tender shoots of the plant bruised and applied to the eyes in case of ophthalmia. The root is astringent and used in rheumatism, urinary calculi and renal troubles. The effect of the Ethanolic and aqueous extract of the root of D. cinerea were studied for its anti-urolithiatic and diuretic activity at 200 mg/kg dose level in male Wistar albino rats. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. Supplementation with aqueous and ethanolic extract of the plant significantly reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. Compared to ethanolic extract, aqueous extract exhibited significant anti-urolithiatic activity. Both the extracts showed significant diuretic activity. The results of our present study supports folklore claim of D. cinerea.

Antibacterial Activity and Growth Promotion in Aquacultured Fish by Probiotics (Probiotics에 의한 해수양식어의 성장 촉진 및 항균효과)

  • 백남수;임유범;김영만
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2001
  • For the development of probiotics in aquaculture of marine organisms, three strains having psychrophilic and salt tolerant characteristics were isolated from Kimchi. Amng the isolated strains. MG19, MG89 and MG208 were identified as Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum, respectively. The neutralized culture broth of isolated strains were tested in order to evaluate the antibactrial activity, 조초 showed high antibacterial activity against Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio cholerae andPseudomonas fluorescens. In mixed culture of pathogens and isolated strain,pathogens were signifi-cantly inhibited after 2 days of cultivation but the isolated strains showed normal growth. When the Edwardsiella tarda was cultured with three isolated strains, its growth was completely inhibited after 254 hours of cultivation. The effect of isolated three strains as probiotics was investigated based on the changes in body weight of aquacultured flounder. After 50 days feeding trial, it was found that the mean body weight gain of the tested group fed freeze-dried isolated cells was significantly greater than that of the control group. These results suggest that these isolated strains can play an important role as probiotics in aquaculture.

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Reduction of Power Dissipation by Switching Activity Restriction in Pipeline datapaths (파이프라인 데이터경로에서의 스위칭 동작 제한을 통한 전력소모 축소)

  • 정현권;김진주;최명석;김동욱
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 1999.06a
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    • pp.381-384
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, we addressed the problem of reducing the switching activity in pipeline datapath and proposed a solution. clock-gating method is a kind of practical technique for reducing switching activity in finite state machine. But, in the case that the target gated function unit has a pipeline structure, there is some spurious switching activity on each stage register group. This occur in early stage of every function enable cycle. In this paper we proposed a method to solve this problem. This method generates the enable signal to each pipeline stage to gate the clock feeding register group. Experimental results showed effective reduction of dynamic powers in pipeline circuits.

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Effect of Riboflavin on the Metabolism of Lipids and Neurotransmitter in Rat Brain (리보플라빈이 뇌조직이 지방과 신경전달 물질대사에 미치는 영향)

  • 이상선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.680-691
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    • 1993
  • Rats were fed for an 8-week period a low riboflavin diet(5ug riboflavin/day) or a control diet(30ug/day) supplied either ad libitum or by pair feeding in order to study the effect of riboflavin on the metabolism of lipids and neurotransmitters. Erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) and monomine oxidase(MAO) activity in the liver and brain were assayed. EGR activity coefficient in riboflavin deficient rats was significantly higher than in ad libitum controls whereas MAO activity was decreased in the deficient rats. Fatty acid composition showed a different trend in the serum, liver and brain. In the serum, the concentrations of essential fatty acids and $\omega$-3 fatty acids(eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid)were decreased about 20-40% in the deficient and pair-fed than in the ad libitum controls. Brain serotonin and 5-HIAA(5-hydroxyindole acetic acid) concentrations were decreased in the riboflavin deficient rats. Learning ability measured by a water maze and exploratory activity using the open field test were not impaired in the deficient rats. These results indicate that brain lipid metabolism was protected in subclinical riboflavin deficiency, however, riboflavin deficiency affected brain serotonin content.

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Analyzing Dog Health Status through Its Own Behavioral Activities

  • Karimov, Botirjon;Muminov, Azamjon;Buriboev, Abror;Lee, Cheol-Won;Jeon, Heung Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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    • 2019.07a
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    • pp.263-266
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, we suggest an activity and health monitoring system to observe the status of the dogs in real time. We also propose a k-days algorithm which helps monitoring pet health status using classified activity data from a machine learning approach. One of the best machine learning algorithm is used for the classification activity of dogs. Dog health status is acquired by comparing current activity calculation with passed k-days activities average. It is considered as a good, warning and bad health status for differences between current and k-days summarized moving average (SMA) > 30, SMA between 30 and 50, and SMA < 50, respectively.

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Effects of Feeding Rate and Pellet Water-Soaking on Growth, Blood Components, and Histology of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (배합사료의 수침과 공급량이 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)의 성장, 혈액 및 조직 성상에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kang-Woong;Kim, Sung-Sam;Kim, Jae-Won;Son, Maeng-Hyun;Kim, Kyoung-Duck;Bai, Sung-Shul C.;Lee, Kyeong-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.490-498
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    • 2011
  • Two consecutive feeding trials investigated the effects of feeding rate and pellet expansion by water-soaking on the growth performance, blood components and histology of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The first two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of pellet expansion and feeding rate. In the first experiment, growth performance, feed utilization and survival of fish were not significantly affected by pellet expansion for six weeks. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and total protein of fish fed the expanded pellet. However, whole-body lipid content of fish in the non-expanded group was significantly higher than that in the expanded group. Histological analysis of the anterior intestine revealed that fish in the expanded group had shorter and smaller mucous folds. These results indicate that pellet expansion had no beneficial effect in terms of growth performance, feed utilization and fish health. In the second experiment, weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly increased as feeding rate increased from 0 to 2.5% body weight per day (BW/d), but there were no significant differences in weight gain or feeding efficiency in fish fed the expanded pellet at ratios of 2.5% BW/d and satiation for three weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity of fish fed the expanded pellet at a ratio of 2.5% was significantly lower than that of starved fish. Histological analysis of the anterior intestine revealed that fish in the 0% group had shorter mucous folds. Broken-line regression analysis suggested that the optimum juvenile olive flounder feeding rate was 3.5% BW/d during the low temperature season ($16-17^{\circ}C$).

Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Donkey Meat by Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) Combined with Chemometrics

  • Mengmeng Li;Mengqi Sun;Wei Ren;Limin Man;Wenqiong Chai;Guiqin Liu;Mingxia Zhu;Changfa Wang
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.165-177
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    • 2024
  • Volatile compounds (VOCs) are an important factor affecting meat quality. However, the characteristic VOCs in different parts of donkey meat remain unknown. Accordingly, this study represents a preliminary investigation of VOCs to differentiate between different cuts of donkey meat by using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with chemometrics analysis. The results showed that the 31 VOCs identified in donkey meat, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters were the predominant categories. A total of 10 VOCs with relative odor activity values ≥1 were found to be characteristic of donkey meat, including pentanone, hexanal, nonanal, octanal, and 3-methylbutanal. The VOC profiles in different parts of donkey meat were well differentiated using three- and two-dimensional fingerprint maps. Nine differential VOCs that represent potential markers to discriminate different parts of donkey meat were identified by chemometrics analysis. These include 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and 2-heptanone. Thus, the VOC profiles in donkey meat and specific VOCs in different parts of donkey meat were revealed by HS-GC-IMS combined with chemometrics, whcih provided a basis and method of investigating the characteristic VOCs and quality control of donkey meat.