• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.504-512
• /
• 1990

In experiment 1, dietary self-selection of the 3 macronutrients, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were examined in male rats given 3 food cups of 80% carbohydrate, 80% protein, and 70% fat diets simultaneously. All the rats showed normal growth pattern and organ weight, which means they have ability to select just right kinds and amounts of nurients in order to support their growth and development. Mean values of caloric intake, body weight gain, serum lipid values and empty carcass compositions were not significantly differ between the upper and lower quartile groups of fat proportion of empty carcass compared to the lower quartile group(LF). Same feeding design was employed in experiment 2 where the effect of mild electric stress on food selection was studied. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The stress group showed higher caloric intake and body weight gain than control group, but no significant effects of stress on serum and empty carcass components was found. Even though normal rats seemed to select macronutrients according to their physiolosical needs, there were individual differences in food selection whether they were exposed to stress or not. Therefore life long individual food selection pattern may have a great influence on nutritional status and chronic degenerative diseases of eldery, and on aging process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.1245-1249
• /
• 2001

A study was conducted with 14 gayals to study their growth pattern from birth to 24 months of age, and gayal was compared with native calves and crossbred calves of gayals and exotic animals. A significant difference in liveweight gains up to 3 months (p<0.001) or up to 6 months (p<0.05) was found between gayal and native calves, but the difference reduced with increase of age and found non-significant (p>0.05) at 9 months and 12 months. The daily liveweight gain up to 3, 6, 9 or 12 months of age of gayals were 404.60, 306.80, 315.20 and 312.20 g/d, respectively and of native calves were 217.3, 245.3, 262.0 and 269.0 g/d, respectively. Gayal female calves had lower weights at birth (20.2 kg) and weaning (81.8 kg) and daily liveweight gains (298.5 g/d) than males (24.3 kg, 84.0 kg and 317.8 g/d, respectively) but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). Cross breeding gayal cows with Friesian bulls increased daily liveweight gain of the crossbred calves. The rate of increase of daily liveweight gain may further be increased if gayals are crossed with beef type animals, and optimum feeding may also be required which needs further research.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2003

In this paper, the characteristics of the horn antenna for the high power transfertation system is stuided and several kinds of a horn antenna are compared and finally a conical hem antenna using multi-mode is proposed. In the high power system, the efficiency of power transfer is very important. Therefore the feeding hem of a reflector must have a circular symmetric radiation pattern. And the side lobe must be suppressed to reduce a spillover power loss and interference. By using multi-mode in a circular hem antenna, the whole length can be shorter and the radiation pattern can be adjusted according to the shape and direction of a reflector. This is confirmed by the experiments.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.421-430
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we propose a method to consider SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) at beginning stage of handsets development. First, simulation was carried out with changing folding angle from 150$^{\circ}$to 142$^{\circ}$. Simulation results show that SAR value is decreased with decreasing the folding angle. When folding angle is 142$^{\circ}$, error between simulation and measurement results is about 3.95 %. Second, we made some experiments with EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) paint, and its results show that different pattern of EMI paint have different SAR values. After removing EMI paint at the lower part of antenna feeding point, we got the decrease efficiency of 15.46 % for SAR value. When we applied zigzag painting pattern, we got the highest SAR decrease efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.619-626
• /
• 2000

The electromagnetic fields of the corrugated annular feed-horn antenna have been analyzed exactly by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The radiation pattern and return loss characteristics of the antenna were obtained as a function of the impedance of feeding coaxial line at 11.8GHz. The return loss was determined to be less than -25dB at 30$\Omega$. It was confirmed that the phase error is less compared to that of the antenna without corrugation, but the directivity of the radiation pattern needs to be improved.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.174-179
• /
• 1991

Patterns of ginseng damage by larvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates in spring were investigated in 3rd year ginseng fields from 1986 to 1990. Ginseng damages were more serious in outer areas than inner areas of ginseng fields, which seemed to be due to nocturnal migration behavior of adult females. Damaged parts of 3rd year ginseng plants due to 3rd instar larvae were top, middle, bottom or whole of main roots, and rarely underground stems. Mean inhabitation depth of 3rd instar larvae were 3.2cm, 5.6cm, 6.6cm and 4.9cm in 1st, 2nd and 3rd year ginseng fields and mugwort fields, respectively. Larval feeding damage of ginseng in spring oc¬curred mainly from mid-May to early July and appeared to decrease temporarily when rainfalls increased.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2015.12a
• /
• pp.93-96
• /
• 2015

Commercial coal gasifiers typically use entrained flow type reactors, but have unique features in terms of reactor shape, gasifying agent, coal feeding type, ash/slag discharge, and reaction stages. The MHI gasifier is characterized as air-blow dry-feed entrained reactor, which incorporates a short combustion stage at the bottom and a tall gasification stage above. This study investigates the flow and reaction characteristics inside a MHI gasifier by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in order to understand its design and operation features. For its pilot-scale system at 200 ton/day capacity, the distribution of coal and air supply between the two reaction stages was varied. It was found that the syngas composition and carbon conversion rate were not significantly influenced by the changes in the distribution of coal and air supply. However, the temperature, velocity and flow pattern changed sensitively to the changes in the distribution of coal and air supply. The results suggest that one key factor to determine the operational ranges of coal and air supply would be the temperature and flow pattern along the narrower wall between the two reaction stages.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.329-344
• /
• 1973

The purpose of this study is to find how the mother's rearing patterns and attitudes influence on a child's social personality development. Many contemporary psychologists insist that mother's rearing attitudes and methods before age of six influence on child's social personality development a great deal. Freud divided the child's developmental stages into three : oral, anal, and phallic period. According to his assumptions the way of mother's feeding and weaning has very important relationship with the personality development through ora period and how to handle toilet training will greatly influence through anal period. In addition to this, Symonds declares that a mother's rearing attitudes will influence the establishment of social characteristics of the child. The moderate attitude-not too overprotective or rejective or submissive or dominate-is desirable. If mother's attitude declines to one aspect among these four kinds too much, the child would have chances to develop maladjusted social characteristics such as aggressiveness , submissiveness, dependency, and dominativeness. The hypotheses of this study were based on Freud and Symonds theory and tested by correlation and the difference of percentage. The results of the study were as follows : I. The relationship between rearing pattern and social characteristics 1. When the child has too strictly scheduled feeding time, he will have aggressive attitudes. 2. The longer the feeding period, the more dependency the child will have. 3. In case the toilet training was taken place too early or strictly, the child will withdraw into his shell. 4. When the child failed to perform the toilet training and was punished because of that, the child's personality will likely to be too submissive or aggressive. II. The relationship between mother's attitudes and social personality 1. When the mother's attitude is too overprotective the child showed withdrawn characteristics (r = 89) or dependency ( r = 24). 2. The child whose mother has too rejective attitude also showed withdrawn characteristics ( r = 31). As Sears insisted self-demanding schedule is recommendable and the weaning supposed to be started after age of one and a half years and finished around age of two. The toilet training which has rather severe consequences than the feeding methods should be started when the child is able to understand what is expected to him. Sears says that about two years after birth would be proper but individual difference should be considered. As a conclusion, Flexible and understanding attitudes and rearing methods is necessary for a sound establishment of social personality.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.354-371
• /
• 1993

Behavior of adult females of the smoky brown cockroach was observed for 10-15 days continuously by using computer and the automatic sensoring system. Under the light condition of l2L~ 12D, individual variations were generally higher and the periodicity appeared less in terms of the presence time at the micro-habitats and the locomotory activity. The smoky brown cockroach appeared 20.42, 11.50, 6.31 and 2.66 % in a day in averages respectively at the shelter and the places for other individuals, feeding and drinking. It stayed 20.29 % in a day at the shelter when food, water, and other individuals were not supplied. Visiting rates were higher at the feeding and dnnking places than at. the ot.her micro-habitats. The degree of t.he locomotory activity was relatively lower when food, water, and other individuals were not supplied t.han when they were supplied. The Pnncipal Component Analysis (PCA) on the presence at the micro-habitats showed that. t.he presence pattern for each mdividual appeared differently (Q mode) while the differem time zones were grouped to the photophase and scotophase (R mode). When food, water, and other individuals were supplied the degree of grouping was higher at the shelter than at the places for feeding and drinking. When the act.ivityand the presence time at the different micro-habitats were jointly analyzed by PCA, the achvity of the female smoky brown cockroach appeared in relation with the presence time ( %) at the places for feeding and other individuals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.355-365
• /
• 2004

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment (1% NaOH+1.5% $H_2O_2$; 1 AHPMS, 2% NaOH+1.5% $H_2O_2$; 2AHPMS) on rate and extent of degradation of mustard straw (MS) in sacco in sheep, and its in vivo digestion and ruminal fermentation characteristics when fed to sheep with concentrate (200 g per sheep daily). The treatment of straw with 1 and 2% AHP increased its sodium content by 148 and 296% to that of untreated straw (UMS). There was significant decrease in NDF and hemicellulose contents of AHP treated straw and increase in cellulose and lignin contents. Phenolic acids like ferrulic, $\rho$-coumaric and o-coumaric significantly (p<0.001) reduced by AHP treatment of mustard straw. In first experiment the in sacco degradation of DM, OM and NDF was significantly (p<0.01) greater for 2 AHPMS than for UMS at all incubation periods. The disappearance of nutrient from 1 AHPMS and 2 AHPMS treated straws continue to increase up to 96 h whereas in UMS the peak disappearance was found at 48 h. By using the equation {(y=a+b) ($1-e^{-ct}$)} the degradation rates (c) for DM, OM, and NDF were significantly higher for UMS than AHP treated straws. Level of alkali (1 and 2%) had significant effect on degradation characteristics (a, b, c and $P_{0.05}$) of DM and NDF fraction of MS. However, the effect was not pronounced on OM fraction of MS. In feeding experiment, the intake of nutrients for DM, OM, cell wall constituents and energy was higher on 2 AHPMS, whereas no effect on the digestibility of these nutrients was observed. The apparent nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.05) both in 1 and 2 AHPMS groups. Water intake by animals was significantly increased due to AHP treated mustard straw feeding. Rumen liquor pH was higher in 2 AHPMS fed animals. The $NH_3-N$ of rumen liquor was not affected by feeding of AHP treated MS based diets. Total VFA concentration was significantly (p<0.01) higher in UMS fed group. The fractional out flow rate of DM was higher (p<0.05) in animals fed on 2 AHPMS diets compared to UMS and lAHPMS fed groups. The population of large holotrichs was higher (p<0.05) on AHP treated MS fed diets compared to UMS. The study indicated that treatment of mustard straw with AHP changed its chemical composition towards a better feed. The nutritive value of 2% AHP treated mustard straw was better in terms of dry matter intake and apparent nitrogen retention. The higher in sacco DM, OM and NDF disappearance however, was not confirmed by in vivo data in this study.