• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.413-429
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• 2017

This study is a basic study for developing a mathematical learning application program that can be used in smart devices for adaptive learning. We selected 20 mathematical learning applications including middle school contents and analyzed learning types. And we analyzed the contents and the learning process. As a result, most learning types of mathematics learning applications were problem-centered. Contents analysis results showed that the most applications have achievement goals. The factors that induce interest in learning were lacking and feedback was not provided sufficiently. Analysis of the learning process showed that most of the math learning applications were classified according to their purpose and characteristics.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2023

우리는 본 연구를 통해 영어 모의 수업시연에 대한 예비교사들의 피드백을 분석함으로써 이들이 수업관찰에 초점을 두는 부분이 무엇인지를 살펴보는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 우리는 국내 교육대학교 1곳에 재학중인 예비 초등학교 교사 40명을 대상으로 모의 수업시연을 실시한 뒤에 관찰하고 이에 대한 동료 피드백을 제공하여 수집된 피드백 내용을 수업관찰 분석 기준에 따라 분류하여 빈도 분석하였다. 분석 결과 총 707개의 피드백이 도출되었으며, 대부분은 교수 언어(40.2%)로 분류되었으며, 교수학습 활동(20.9%), 상호작용(12.6%), 교구재활용(11.5%), 수업분위기 및 학습환경(8.8%), 수업 흐름(3.7%), 정리 및 평가(1.3%), 도입 및 수업 목표(1.1%) 등이 그 뒤를 이었다. 개별적으로는 교사 영어의 양과 속도, 목소리 크기 및 억양의 적절성에 대한 피드백(16.5%)의 빈도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 예비교사의 주된 초점이 교사의 말이나 언어 및 영어 유창성에서 비교적 두드러지게 나타났으며, 이는 영어교사로서 영어 능력의 중요성을 인식하고 있다는 점을 알 수 있다. 따라서 우리는 교사교육기관에서 교사의 영어 능력뿐만 아니라 다양한 관점에 대한 인식을 제고할 필요가 있다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2007

The PLL equivalent augmented system incorporated with state feedback is proposed in this paper. The optimal value of filter time constant of loop filter in the phase-locked loop control system and the optimal state feedback gain designed by using linear quadratic regulator approach are derived. This approach allows the PLL control system to employ the large value of the phase-frequency gain $K_d$ and voltage control oscillator gain $K_o$. In designing, the structure of phase-locked loop control system will be rearranged to be a phase-locked loop equivalent augmented system by including the structure of loop filter into the process and by considering the voltage control oscillator as an additional integrator. The designed controller consisting of state feedback gain matrix K and integral gain $k_1$ is an optimal controller. The integral gain $k_1$ related to weighting matrices q and R will be an optimal value for assigning the filter time constant of loop filter. The experimental results in controlling the second-order lag pressure process using two types of loop filters show that the system response is fast without steady-state error, the output disturbance effect rejection is fast and the tracking to step changes is good.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51-73
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• 2012

Social network services based on openness, connectedness, and mass participation are reshaping many aspects of how companies conduct business and create value for their customers. For instance, Facebook and Twitter are expected to play a pivotal role as a new communication channel through which companies-forge close relationships with their customers for co-creation of value for mutual benefits. Given the potential of social network services, it is not surprising that many companies have strategically invested in social network services to reach out to customers. Despite the growing interest in social network services as a platform to connect companies and their customers, few guidelines exist about how managers can effectively utilize social network services in forging relationships with their customers. As such, scholars should pay greater attention to how firms can successfully develop relationships with their customers on social network services. In particular, this study employs the S-O-R (stimulus-organism-response) framework as a theoretical lens to develop a research model that explains customers' participation in the value co-creation platform that companies opened on Twitter. According to the S-O-R framework, certain types of individuals' behaviors can be best understood based on a causal link from environmental stimulus to organism, and response. We apply the S-O-R framework to understand how ubiquitous connectivity (stimuli) can influence customers' experience (organism) with companies on Twitter, which in turn influence their participation behavior (response). Two steps have been undertaken to empirically test the research model. First, we conducted a content analysis of tweets written by customers who follow companies on Twitter. As a result, we found event/promotion participation, company support, and giving feedback as three specific types of customer participation behavior. Second, we conducted a web-based survey to test research hypotheses in the research model. Participations in the survey were solicited to customers who followed companies on Twitter. As a result, a total of 115 respondents have completed the survey. Data were analyzed using the partial least square (PLS) technique. The results of data analysis suggest that ubiquitous connectivity (stimuli) had strong positive effects on perceive usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and perceived intimacy (organism). Perceived intimacy showed positive effects on customer participation behavior (response), such as event participation, company support, and giving feedback. Perceived enjoyment was found to have strong positive effects on company support and giving feedback. On the other hand, perceived usefulness did not have significant impacts on the three types of customer participation behavior.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.113-131
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• 2015

이 논문은 중학교 지구과학 수업에서의 교사-학생 간 교실 상호작용 유형을 분석하여 지구과학 전공 교사와 비전공 교사의 담화 유형 차이를 확인하고, 교사의 질문 유형과 담화 양상 사이의 관계를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 서울의 3개 중학교에 근무하는 4명의 과학 교사 수업을 연구 대상으로 하였으며, 두 단계로 자료를 분석하였다. 첫 번째 단계로 교사와 학생의 상호작용을 Mortimer & Scott(2003)의 틀을 사용하여 담화 유형을 범주화 하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 교사의 질문 유형과 담화 양상 사이의 관계를 알아보기 위해 McNeill & Pimentel(2009)의 분석틀을 이용하여 교사의 질문을 4가지 유형의 질문으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 중학교 지구과학 수업에서 모든 교사가 상호작용적이며 권위적인 담화를 가장 많이 사용하였다. 그리고 담화 양상은 교사의 질문 유형 보다는 학생의 반응에 대한 피드백과 더 관계있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 교사가 학생의 반응에 긍정적인 수용의 태도로 지연 피드백을 사용할 때 대화적 담화가 더 잘 나타났다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1998

일반적으로 최종적인 건물 설계에 의한 건물의 에너지 성능은 거주후평가(POE)에 의해 이루어지게 되며, 축적된 평가 결과는 설계에 의한 시행착오를 예측하기 위한 새로운 설계의 Feedback 자료로 이용되어져야 한다. 그러나 이러한 기존 건물의 에너지 평가자료가 구체적으로 편집되어 제시되어 있지 못한 현 실정에서 본 조사는 설계시에 에너지 성능을 비교할 수 있는 척도를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이며, 추후 건물 에너지 성능규제를 위한 기초 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. 이에 대전 및 인근지역 35개 공공건물의 건물에너지소비의 패턴이 조사되었으며, 우선 전화국, 백화점, 병원, 연구소, 스포츠센터 수영장, 전시관, 대학교, 호텔의 8개 건물로 분류하였다. 그러나 많은 수의 공공건물은 여러 가지 복합적인 기능을 갖추고 있고 따라서, 건물의 이름만으로 건물의 에너지소비패턴을 분석하기 위하여 (1) 준공연도, (2) 층수, (3) 단열정도, (4) 주연료, (5) 난방면적, (6) 연간난방일수, (7) 평균난방실내온도, (8) 냉방면적, (9) 평균냉방실내온도, (10) 보일러형식, (11) 보일러대수, (12) 보일러용량, (13) 보일러연료사용량, (14) 전기사용량, (15) 최대부하등이 조사되었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅲ
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• pp.1681-1684
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• 2003

We propose the intelligent tutoring system for the mobile english learning. The proposed system is based on the item response theory to analyze the level of learner. We define the types of item, teaching method and item disposition according to contents modeling. The system estimates the learner level and it gives the learning contents, the evaluation results, and feedback. The system gives those by inference engine which consists of learner's level estimation value, method diagnostic value and disposition diagnostic value.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문
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• pp.28-33
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• 1996

This paper presents a position control of ultra-precision machine tool post using piezoelectric material. A stack-type piezoelectric actuator is employed in a hinge-type tool holder. An assumed linear transfer function of the practical nonlinear plant is established through the comparison of transfer functions and step responses in the experiments and the simulations. Several types of feedforward/feedback controllers are designed via computer simulations using the assumed linear transfer function, The position tracking control experiments are undertaken to show the control efficiency of each controller.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2001

In this paper, a new reduced-order dynamic observer method is presented. Two types of observers are pronounced, namely, the model based reduced-order dynamic observer and the Luenburger type reduced-order dynamic observer. Useful design algorithms are also provided for each structure. The essential features of the proposed observed design methods are addressed to be qualified ad effective observers. The proposed method clarifies the duality between the controller and observer designs.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.32.2-32.2
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• 2018

As computational resolution of modern cosmological simulations reach ever so close to resolve individual star-forming clumps in a galaxy, a need for "resolution-appropriate" physics for a galaxy-scale simulation has never been greater. To this end, we introduce a self-consistent numerical framework that includes explicit treatments of feedback from star-forming molecular clouds and massive black holes. We perform a state-of-the-art cosmological simulation of a quasar-host galaxy at z~7.5, and demonstrate that previously undiscussed types of interplay between galactic components may hold important clues about the growth and impact of quasar-host galaxies.