• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2007

국내에서 생산된 사료(2006-2007) 중 253점(배합사료 194, 단미사료 59)의 사료에서 오크라톡신의 오염도를 조사하였다. 단미사료 중 OTA오염도는 27%이었고 오염농도는 OTA 0.27-3.39 ppb 수준이었다. 배합사료에서 OTA 오염도가 76%로 나타났으며, 평균 0.21-13.64 ppb 수준의 검출농도로 분석되었다. 모든 사료 중 젖소사료(96%)> 닭사료(85%)> 돼지사료(79%) 순으로 OTA이 오염되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, OTA평균오염농도는 고기소 사료(2.2 ppb)에서 가장 높았으며, 젖소사료(1.6 ppb), 박류(1.2 ppb)순으로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which are used in a variety of consumer products. Several of those are produced in large quantities. Their chemical structure similarities to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as their toxicity, has been studied. PBDEs are persistent and lipophilic, which results in their bioaccumulation in the fatty tissues of organisms and enrichment throughout food chains. In addition, a number of studies also reported high levels of PBDEs in animals and food resulting from the use of contaminated animal feed Public concern about PBDEs levels in animals and food has been raised. Feed contamination by toxic chemicals has been the cause of the contamination of poultry products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PBDEs in pig feed to search the origin chase of POPs in pigs. Feed samples were obtained wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1614. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Quantification was carried out by the isotopic dilution method. The analysis of ${\Sigma}PBDEs$ involved 22 PBDE congeners, including BDE-17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 190, 191, 196 and 197.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.31.1-31.12
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• 2021

Background: Blackened intestines in slaughtered pigs have been commonly observed in China in recent years. However, no cause has been reported. Objectives: We attempted to determine whether the blackening of the pig intestine was related to an excess of copper (Cu) in their feed. Methods: In this study, we observed and collected porcine intestines in small- and large-scale pig slaughterhouses in Shandong province from May to October 2018. Twelve types of metal ions were detected in the black intestinal samples. Results: The Cu level in the intestine samples was mostly higher than the Chinese national limit for food. Further study showed that Cu supplementation in most commercial porcine feed also exceeded the national standard. An animal model (mouse) that could mimic the intestinal blackening in pigs was established. Compared to control mice, Cu accumulated in the liver and intestines of mice fed an excessive Cu level, confirming the excessive Cu in the feed may be considered the major cause of blackened porcine intestines. Microscopic examination revealed that black intestines had many particles containing Cu in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa, and the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells showed degeneration and necrosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, overuse of Cu in animal feed can lead to animal poisoning and Cu accumulation in animal products. Such overuse not only harms the health of livestock but can also affect public health.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to raise some questions about the supply and demand statistics of fisheries products and to find implications for food supply and demand. There are three problems in the statistics of fisheries supply and demand. First, it is a structural problem of supply and demand statistics. Supply and demand statistics are not accurate because the feed, the amount of loss, and the waste rate are not surveyed. Second, the amount of fish used as a moist pellet is missing. Third, although some of the seaweed and kelp production is used as abalone feed, it is not classified as feed. Taking these results into consideration, at least 300,000 tons should be classified as feed for fisheries supply and demand statistics. As mentioned above, the current statistics on the supply and demand of fisheries are incomplete and structural improvement is needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.435-444
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• 1999

This paper summarizes the size and output of the major animal industries in Australia and the feed resource available to maintain production. The most important feed source is pasture but there is also extensive use of cereal grains, pulses and by-products in the intensive animal industries and in supplementing the diet of grazing animals. These resources must be used in ways that ensure sustainable production. We outline a number of Decision Support Systems such as GrazFeed, GrassGro, and AusPig which play an important role in optimizing the way in which resources are used. Waste management with respect to mineral pollution of water courses and methane production as a greenhouse gas are important issues for the animal industries and are also considered.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to determine effects of humic acid (HA) and blueberry leaf powder (BLP) supplementation in pig feed on productivity, blood profiles, and meat quality characteristics of longissimus muscle. The experimental design included six treatments: 1) CON, no addition; 2) T1, BLP 0.1%; 3) T2, BLP 0.2%; 4) T3, humic acid 2%; 5) T4: humic acid 2%+BLP 0.1%; and 6) T5: humic acid 2%+BLP 0.2%. HA and BLP supplementation in pig feed significantly increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) values (p<0.05). HA supplementation in pig feed had beneficial effects in lipid profiles without altering feed efficiency rate (FER). HA and BLP co-supplementation in pig feed decreased pH in longissimus thoracis (p<0.05). In addition, sensory characteristics were enhanced when pig feed was supplemented with HA and BLP without causing adverse effects in meat quality. Taken together, addition of HA and BLP in pig feed may produce functional meat products.

• 분석과학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2016

A novel and simple method for detecting seven organic acids (formic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid and propionic acid) in animal feed using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photo-diode array detector (HPLC/PDA) was developed. The chromatographic peaks of the seven organic acids were successfully identified by comparing their retention times and UV spectra with reference standards. Method validation was performed in terms of linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision. The limits of detection (LODs) for the instrument employed in these experiments ranged from 12 to 8,026 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 43 to 26,755 μg/kg. Average recoveries of the seven organic acids ranged from 79.3 to 95.2 %. Method replication resulted in intra- day and inter-day peak area variation of <3.2 %. The developed method was specific and reliable and is therefore suitable for the routine analysis of organic acids in animal feed.

• 분석과학
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2024

Among the nutrients in feed, amino acids and minerals are important for the growth and development of pets. In particular, interest in nutritional components related to the health of pets is increasing as pet-raising households and pet food markets have recently grown. Therefore, in this study, 55 pet food products distributed in South Korea were purchased, and the content of 3 essential and conditionally essential amino acids (taurine, lysine, arginine) and 4 minerals (Ca, P, Na, K) was investigated. Among the three amino acids, arginine was found to have the highest content, and the average content was 1.79 and 1.37 % in cat and dog foods, respectively. On the other hand, the taurine content was the lowest, but it was found to be higher than the minimum requirement of 0.10 % for cats set by the American Association for Feed Control (AAFCO) and the European Federation of Pet Food Industries (FEDIAF). As a result of the four-component analysis of minerals, the content of Ca was found to be the highest, and the average content was confirmed to be 1.64 and 1.25 % in cat and dog food, respectively. On the other hand, Na was the lowest, but it was higher than the AAFCO minimum requirement and FEDIAF minimum requirement for young cat and dog food. Among all 55 samples examined, the content of the three amino acids and the four inorganic components was confirmed to be suitable for the recommended minimum intake and maximum allowable intake presented by AAFCO and FEDIAF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.303-321
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• 2011

The availability and efficient use of the feed resources in Asia are the primary drivers of performance to maximise productivity from animals. Feed security is fundamental to the management, extent of use, conservation and intensification for productivity enhancement. The awesome reality is that current supplies of animal proteins are inadequate to meet human requirements in the face of rapidly depleting resources: arable land, water, fossil fuels, nitrogenous and other fertilisers, and decreased supplies of cereal grains. The contribution of the ruminant sector lags well behind that of non-ruminant pigs and poultry. It is compelling therefore to shift priority for the development of ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep) in key agro-ecological zones (AEZs), making intensive use of the available biomass from the forage resources, crop residues, agro-industrial by-products (AIBP) and other non-conventional feed resources (NCFR). Definitions are given of successful and failed projects on feed resource use. These were used to analyse 12 case studies, which indicated the value of strong participatory efforts with farmers, empowerment, and the benefits from animals of productivity-enhancing technologies and integrated natural resource management (NRM). However, wider replication and scaling up were inadequate in project formulation, including systems methodologies that promoted technology adoption. There was overwhelming emphasis on component technology applications that were duplicated across countries, often wasteful, the results and relevance of which were not clear. Technology delivery via the traditional model of research-extension linkage was also inadequate, and needs to be expanded to participatory research-extension-farmer linkages to accelerate diffusion of technologies, wider adoption and impacts. Other major limitations concerned with feed resource use are failure to view this issue from a farming systems perspective, strong disciplinary bias, and poor links to real farm situations. It is suggested that improved efficiency in feed resource use and increased productivity from animals in the future needs to be cognisant of nine strategies. These include priorities for feed resource use; promoting intensive use of crop residues; intensification of integrated ruminant-oil palm systems and use of oil palm by-products; priority for urgent, wider technology application, adoption and scaling up; rigorous application of systems methodologies; development of adaptation and mitigation options for the effects of climate change on feed resources; strengthening research-extension-farmer linkages; development of year round feeding systems; and striving for sustainability of integrated farming systems. These strategies together form the challenges for the future.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2003

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63 % of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural by-products such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and SO forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of anti-biotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.